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LANE COUNTY'S HOME NEWSPAPER.
in
TODAY'S NEWS TODAY
EUGENE, OREGON, MONDAY, MARCH 21, 1938
PRICE: ON STREETS 3c; NEWS STANDS 8c
NO. 80
real. Armaments Race
unges
J.S. PI
I mi to G
Ithdraw Charge
)r Resign, F-D
ells TVA Head
r I
Idirman saia uiven
2:30 Tuesday
, Make Up His Mind
BULLETIN!
;.HIN'GTON, March 21. M)
Arthur E. Morgan reiusea
to resign as chairman of the
bssee Valley Authority and
it challenged President
salt's power to remove him
office.
MSHINGTON, March 21. UP)
ident Roosevelt gave Chair-
i Arthur E. Morgan of the
mssm Valley Authority today
alternative of withdrawing
charges against his TVA col
:s, or tendering his resigna-
::e president, ai tne tnira
:e house hearing on TVA in-
al controversies, gave Mor-
until 2:30 p. m. tomorrow
rtate any reason he thought
president should not take ex
:ve action.
F-D Lacks Power
S?me congressmen have con-
iti the president is without
to remove the directors
ie Tennessee Valley Author-
tontending this right is re-
(d by the act of congress).
:e president, white house of-
;i!s said, told Morgan that if
Jailed to comply with his re-
he would move for his im-
late suspension, or removal
aecutive order.
iry Man-in H. Mclntyre,
J ittended today's hearing in
presidents office m the ab-
of Stephen Early, press
tery, made the announce-
:t of the president's blunt
iei to Chairman Morgan while
official transcript of the hear
TO being prepared for the
t.
K-uirman Morgan, who. the
fcident 6ays, has charged his
f-'Jflies with dishonesty, mal-
f'mce and bad faith and who
B insisted upon a congressional
E ligation, left the white house
M p. m., but refused to say
't took place at the third
rani with the president.
i -tr aiso was no immediate
-:iinrement from the white
V vis authoritatively reported
r cnairman of the Ten
Valley Authority had again
jta to give evidence in sub
Kaation of his charges against
' TVA directors.
Nippon Attack
Fails At Canal
SHANGHAI, March 21. W
Japanese shock troops failed to
crack Chinese defenses today in
a bloody battle along the ancient
Grand canal.
Despite terrific artillery shell
ing, the Chinese clung to their
trench lines on the south bank
of the canal 18 miles north of
Suchow.
An advance guard of Japan
ese cavalry which swam the
river was' driven back by Chinese
machine gun and rifle fire.
The Japanese were fighting
desperately to effect a crossing
and continue their advance down
the Tientsin-Pukow railway line
to Suchow, where the line crosses
the east-west Lunghai railway.
Hanchwang, on the southern
border of Shantung province
where the Tientsin-Pukow line
crosses the canal, fell into Japan
ese hands. Japanese were assault-
ing Taierchwang, 25 miles to t!te
east.
Both sides admitted heavy
losses. The fighting has been
going on incessantly since the
Japanese started their new drive
down the Tientsin-Pukow railway
more than a week ago.
- A Japanese flanking force
swung to the east and occupied
Yihsien in the push on Taier
chawang. Three American women
missionaries were reported to be
at Yihsien. ,
WarScar
Europe
Dowr jnday
British-Italian Pact
Believed to Be
Near Final Signing
U. 0. Registration
Increases Eight
Percent This Term
I's. Roosevelt in
Mle on Visit
fOSTLAND, March 21. OP)
h hSems f war and peace
i major issues wun
F1cas VOUneer eenpratimv
Franklin D. Roosevelt, told
reviewers heie yesterday.
- iaay paused briefly at
municipal airport while en
Seattle tn vicit ko- xi,
' W Son-in-lai.- Vt- -.-J
- Boettiger.
MOTHER LOVES YOU
;T- HttENS. Ore., March 21.
tva Steves testified tn-
" " 1" words spoken by
Agnes Joan Ledford to ner
Ulster. Riith n.hm .h. ic
Tti with poisoning, were:
do you know that mother
Hi Tell One
Bv Rnn di:dvc
-jm of people have asked me
rUnk why I don't tell my
- u we turopean situation.
To tell you the
truth. I haven't
An Increase of eight per cent, or
163 more than for spring term a
year ago, was shown for registra
tion for the first half day ot tne
present term at the University of
Oregon, it was reported at noon
Monday by C. L. Constance, assist
ant registrar.
At noon a total of 2207 students
had drawn registration material,
comnared to 2044 for the same per
iod a year ago. The figure also
shows an actual increase over the
first half of the past term, when
half day total was 2182.
Total registration for spring term
a year ago was 2604, a figure that
will easily be topped mis year, mi.
Constance says. Although regis
tration usually shows a decided
drop between winter and spring
terms, there is sun a possioimy
that the 3,000 mark may be reach
ed. Last term the enrollment total
was 3,027, a new high for a winter
term.
Registration will continue the
rest of the week, although all stu
dents except graduates and those
in the employ of the university
must pay a late fee after Monday.
Randall Brothers
Plead Guilty
Kenneth and Willard Randall,
charged in several indictments
with burglary noi in ""
iu rhaneed their plea ot
not guilty to that of guilty in the
case wherein they are accused of
robbing the Culp Creek store.
They will be sentenced by Judge
Skipworth in circuit court Tues
day at 9:30 a. m. These men are
accused of robbing several other
stores in the county during the
I past winter. Their younger di-oui-ier.
Rupert, is also under lnaict-
ment on the same charge. He nas
not changed his plea.
Arthur Cox was arraigned in
court Monday morning on a charge
of obtaining money under false
pretenses, being accused of pass
ing a bad check. He will enter his
Dlea Tuesday at 9:30. Cox wan
larraiirned after he had waived
By The Associated Press
The world's wars surged on to
day but Europe's rumor of View
wars slackened.
Predictions of an early British
Italian accord became a splash of
cheerful color on the European
panorama after two hectic weeks
of anxious, somber retouching and
repainting.
Informed persons in Rome nrp-
dicted the British-Italian accord
would be concluded by Saturday
to include these provisions:
British support for Leairue of
nations recognition of the Italian
I conquest of Ethiopia; withdrawal
of all Italian combatants from the
i Spanish civil war; absolute with
drawal of Italian forces from the
Balearic islands.
To Patch Up Line
roiana and Lithuania, near
armed conflict last week, planned
to patch up an old railway line so
mey could resume friendly com-
munication, non-existent for
nearly 18 years.
Prime Minister Chamberlain
announced in the house of com
mons he would make an eagerly
awaited statement of British for
eign policy on Thursday pre
sumably an announcement of what
Britain would do if Germany were
to invade Czechoslovakia.
Despite France's urging, Brit
ain has refused to commit herself
regarding defense of Czechoslo
vakia. Germany, still digesting Austria,
informed the League of Nations
that her new province "no longer
is considered" a member ot the
league.
Soviet Roundup
A mysterious roundup of Soviet
citizens was underway in Russia
apparently an effort to insulate
the suspicious regime from un
wanted foreign contacts. Recent
disappearances and arrests in
cluded a secretary of the Moscow
office of the New York Times and
i n t e 1 1 i g e n tly
about it.
It's kinda like
the time Aunt
Puney asked Un
cle Slug if he had
leard the scandal
about the Med-
a big fight Uncle
Aunt Puney
io, V "r.oie town s talk-
j. . . , 5 cri ana
. . . a--ui
Tragic Honeymoon
hers.
r .- " eccentric peo-
""nam'
....
- bqulrl
McMINNVILLE, March 21.
Tragedy ended the honeymoon
of Mr. and Mrs. Claude Leo Con
nell last night when the bride of
a day was killed and her husband
severely injured in a collision on
the Pacific highway three miles
north of here.
The couple, married Saturday in
Vancouver, Wash., was en route to
Toledo, where both resided, in an
their own! automobile driven by
Mickle. 21, oi loieao.
Feature, lact 'was uninjured.
SEE EUROPEAN WAR STORY
PAGE 8
Picket Ordinance
Meeting Topic
The general public has been In
vited to attend the first big rally
and send-off meeting of the newly
organized Citizens' League, to be
held at the Moose hall Wednes
day night, it was revealed Mon
day by officials of the organiza
tion. The meeting will start at
7:30 o'clock, with several prom
inent speakers slated to discuss the
needs and purposes of the league.
Entertainment and refreshments
will be provided.
The main topic to be discussed
will be the recently adopted ordi
nance governing picketing in Eu
gene. The league is opposed to the
city council's action in passing the
ordinance and is expected to Join
with labor interests in demanding
the repeal of the entire ordinance.
S. Stevenson smittt ind l'aul
Kiepe, both members of the Uni
versity of Oregon faculty, will be
main speakers on the program. Mr.
Kiepe was recently elected to rep
resent the league at the next city
council meeting.
Five Republicans, 2
Democrats Have
Filed for Governor
CAI.PM March 21. OP) The
number of reDublican candidates
for governor in the primary elec
tion May 20 was raised to five to
day with the filing of Charles L.
Paine, Eugene.
Dr. Ralph M. Erwin, Portland,
Multnomah county coroner, be
came the third democrat to file
fnr Governor.
nihAr rpnublicans who have !
filed are J. W. Morton, Hood Riv
er; M. S. Shrock. Milwaukie; Clar-1
ence R. Wagoner, Portland, and '
Sam H. Brown, Gervais fanner.
State Reps. O. Henry Oleen of
St Helens and Dr. J. F. Hosch of ;
Bend are the only other democrats
,.hn have filed, although Gov.
Charles H. Martin announced he
would seek renomination. The fil
ing period will cleie April 4.
ENROLLMENT UP
CORVALLIS, March 21. OP)
The enrollment of 4407 credit stu
dents at Oregon State college at
ih end of the winter term was i
353 mora than a year ago. 1
ft -
EDGAR L .G. PROCHMK, who was minister to the U. S. from
Austria until his country was announced as a province In the
German Reich, is shown above, pondering just where he stands as he
reads of the German seizure of Austria. Since Auschluss has left
him technically without an autonomous country to represent, official
definition of his status Is being awaited by Minister Prochnik and
diplomatic circles.
Non-Use Of Blaine
Confession Explained
By NED SIMPSON
Investigation begun when Register-Guard
readers asked why the
state did not use the purported
confession of Ray W. Blaine during
the prosecution of Lane county's
first "goon" trials last week .was
rewarded Monday with statement
on the situation by both prosecu
tion and defense counsel.
Blaine, who was president of the
journeyman barbers local, was con
victed in two trials in circuit court
here last week on charges arising
from two skunk musk "bombings"
of non-union barber shops' in Eu
gene last December ana January,
Speaking for the state, L. L.
Ray, Lane county district attor
ney, said: "I knew 1 could get a
conviction with the evidence 1 had
in the case without having to use
Blaine's confession. Had I used the
confession it would have given the
defense a chance to use an affi
davit asserting the confession was
obtained under duress. I did not
want to give the defense a chance
to 'put on a show' and thereby con
fuse the issue at hand."
Speaking for the defense, H. E.
Slattery, defense counsellor, stat
ed: "If, the prosecution had used
the alleged confession it would
have given us a chance to present,
charges that state police used
third degree' methods to make
Mr. Blaine sign the confession. The
district attorney did not want that
to happen, as it is evident to see
by the -fact he did not use the
purported confession in prosecut
ing the case."
The "third degree" methods
charged by Blaine were alleged to
have been committed by three state
troopers who questioned him con
cerning the case in the state police
oinces ai me Lane coumy coun-)
house. Officials of the state ponce
later presented evidence that
Blaine's charges were false, but
no "show down" has ever mater
ialized in the situation.
Prosecution of the first of
two more "goon" cases will start
here next Monday when Hugh
Reynolds, Vern Bailey, V. D. Mc-
Cauley and Blaine go on trial on
charges of advocating the commis
sion of a felony in connection with
the smashing of windows in non
union barber shops here last fall.
Spring Brings
Mercury Drop
Spring's official entrance by the
calendar was featured by real
winter-time weather for the Eu
gene vicinity. Monday.
The day's minimum dropped lo
one below freezing, 3 1 degrees
Twost any time. Snow topped
spencer Butte and all the sur
rounding hillsides both Sunday
and Monday. New snow was re
ported in all mountain regions.
A flood menace was further
halted, Monday, with the Willam
ette river down to 9.7 feet at Eu
gene after hitting a crest of 13.2
feet, Saturday. Flood stage is 12
feet.,
Eugene was about the only sec
tion through the valley area of the
county Sunday that didn't have
snow flurries. A heavy hail storm
came down during the early after
noon, however.
All roads in the Eugene area
were open, Monday, with one-way
traffic in some localities. Water
still covered parts of the road be
tween Monroe and Cheshire, but
traffic was going through. The
water over the Willamette highway
between Goshen and Pleasant Hill
receded during the week-end, en
abling travel to go through there
uninterrupted. One-way traffic
still was in force on some sections
of the Sluslaw highway but the
road is open clear to Florence. On
the Coast highway, one-way traf
fic is established just north of
Gardiner and just south of that
town, but travel is possible all
along that section of the highway
Farther south, the Coast highway
is still blocked in the Coquille area
due to water over the dike.
0 ALBANY GETS SNOW
ALBANY, March 21. (A The
Willamette river set a season's
record of 22.4 feet last night and
dropped to 21.0 feet today. An
inch of snow which fell during the
night melted as the temperature
rose. .
Another Austrian
Jew Takes Life
vi"NNA, March 21. J.P Egon
Fi ifcuell, 60 - year - old Jewish
writer, playwright and actor,
committed suicide today.
Friedeil, whose "History of
World Culture" was published in
England and the United States,
took his life by jumping from a
fourth floor window.
Injunction Is
Sought By
Oil Companies
Diplomatic Proceeding
To Be Second Step
In Fight in Mexico
MEXICO CITY, March 21. U.R
Foreign oil companies announced
today that they would start in
junction proceedings as the first
move of their fight to regain S4U0,
000,000 in oil properties seized by
the government. Diplomatic pro
ceedings would be the second step.
It was estimated that American
business interests already had lost
millions through the decree sus
pending dealings in gold and for
eign exchnnge issued coincident
with the seizure order.
Food hoarding had started mv
prices skyrocketed.
American Ambassador Joseph us
Daniels said the oil companies
were expected to exhaust every
legalt means of defending their
property.
"What should be done after re
course to Mexican low is a matter
for the state deportment,' he said
as regards American companies.
Seek Injunction
Executives of the foreign oil
companies, announcing their in
junction plan, said their lawyers
would decide the grounds to be
cited and then file briefs as soon
as possible. It was believed thc
would plead that the expropria
tion law under which the seizure
was affected on the ground that
the companies were "in rebellion
against court orders to raise
wages was unconstitutional.
For the present the oil industry
was paralyzed and American busi
ness was almost at a standstill.
Dispatches from oil centers re
ported a mass flight of American
and British oil company employes
with their families.
Generally, the oil country was
quiet and orderly, it was reported
with the workers having seized
control of plants. One newspaper
reported that laborers "in a burst
of enthusiasm" caused damage to
some plants in southern Vera Cruz
state.
Fear Shortage
Fear of an oil shortage was
acute. The department of national
economic sought to supply all
filling stations, which were be
seiged by automobile owners, and
sent inspectors to check on any
over-charging.
It was estimated that food prices
had increased at some places by 20
per cent because of the gold pur
chase decree. Many merchants
refused paper money for purchase
SAFETY FIRST
EUGENE 1938 1937
Accident 18R 1288
Injuries 2S 15
Deaths 0 t
LANE COUNTY
Accidents 107 126S
Injuries . 15 351
Deilhl 1 17
CITY'S DANGER EPOTS
11th St Jefferson Four acci
dents, one Injury.
10tb Willamette Four ac
cidents. .
13th Chamelton, lltb
Franklin Three accidents, one
injury.
Henry Patterson Hurt
In Wagon Upset
, !
A run-away team of horses wel :
responsible for an accident in ,
which Henry Patterson, employed j
on the county road crew, suffered
a fractured jaw Sunday afternoon
'near Fisher. The horses upset the
j wagon which Mr. Patterson was
driving, and threw him under the
wheels. He is being treated at the
E:jpCii hospital.
Many Youths Jobless
WASHINGTON, March 21.
j More than 46 per cent of Ore
; gon's 58.432 totally unemployed are
! between 15 and 34 yean old, John
, D. Biggers. unemployment census
I administrator, announced today,
j The youngest group, 15 to 25
'years, represented 25.6 per cent
and 25 to 35 years group 20.6 per
cent. The largest age group amon
the 14.573 persons employed n
emergency work wu between 45
'and 64 years.
SEE MEXICO OIL STORY
PAGE 10
, .
Armory Made Ready
For Big Home Show
The armory was a busy place
Monday afternoon as Iimil prepa
rations were being made for the
Build a Home and Trade exposi
tion opening at 7 p. m, Monday
and continuing through Tuesday
and Wednesday from 7 until 11
p. m.
Trucks were waiting in line to
unload everything imaginable that
goes to building and furnishing a
modern home. Carpenters were
hammering away, speeding tip
work on the booths so that every
thing would be in readiness.
The show, being sponsored by
the American Legion Post No. 3
of Kugenc. is expected to be one
of the finest in history and prep
arations were mode tnke care
of thousands of visitors from all
over Lane county.
The entertainment program,
which will also be free, was boinii
completed by Jack McCarty,
hainnan. C. S. Dillon, chairman
' charge of the entire show, pi c
oi',tcd the exposition will breplc
;il records.
House Approves
Navy Bill By
Vote of 291-100
Ministers Of
Lithuania Quit
KAUNAS. Lithuania, March 21
(U.R) Foreign Minister Stasys
Lozoraltls and Minister of Justice
Stasys Silingas tendered their res
ignations today because of their
dissatisfaction with the govern
ment's acceptance of Poland's ulti-
mntum on restoration of diplomatic
relations.
President Antanas Smetona did
not announce at once whether he
would accept the resignations or
try to persuade the ministers to
withdraw them.
Far reaching changes in the
country's political front, possibly
involving the resignation of Sme
tona himself, were forecast,
It was understood the govern'
inent was considering whether to
send a note to the great powers
and the league of nations citing
Lithuania's legal claims to the
Vilna area, which -lay at the bot
tom of the 20-year dispute with
Poland, and asserting that these
claims had not been altered by the
forced agreement with Poland.
Various reports were that al
most every minister In the cabinet
had offered his resignation or was
about to do so, but there was no
confirmation of the reports.
Undoubtedly the feeling through
out the country was one of humilt
ation, particularly because the
Polish ultimatum whether Inten
tionally or unintentinallji expir
ed on SU Joseph's day, we name
day of the Josef Pilsudskl whom
Lithuanians regard as the Inst!
gator of the long Polish-Lithuanian
estrangement, in that they hold
him responsible for Poland s oc
cupation of the Vilna territory.
Widow of Former
Oregon Governor
Dies on Sunday
PORTLAND. March 21. IP
Funeral services will be held in
Snlcm Tuesday for Mrs. Isaac Lee
Patterson, 76, widow of the former
Oregon governor, who died here
Sunday a week after she was
stricken suddenly with pneumonia
Salem was her birthplace. She
was the daughter of Mr. and Mrs.
C. S. Woodworth, who emigrated
to the Oregon country from Ver
mont and settled In the Willamette
valley In 1852.
An active member of the Daugh
ters of the American Revolution,
the Colonial Dames and the Oregon
Historical Society, she was known
in 4-11 club work as the donor of
an annual award at the Oregon
sti.te fair.
She remained active in republi
can circles after the death of her
husband, the former governor, in
December, 1029. They were mar
ried in 18B5.
Survivors Include two sons.
Phillip and Issac Lee, Jr., both of
Portland.
Transients Held
For Investigation
Charle. Eduard FaLrdeau of
Lowell, Miivs., and Gccree W. B'l
cher of Bell, Cal.. arc being held
in the county Jail for Investigation.
They were picked up by a deputy
sheriff at Westfir. No charge has
been filed against them but they
are suspected of robbery, the offi
cers said.
Four United States deputy mar
shals from Los Angeles Saturday
night brought to the Lane county
jail seven prisoners being taken
from Los Angeles to the federal
prison at McNeil Island. They
were taken on north Monday. The
officers here arc Frank L. Besser,
Ernest K. Fourner, Carlton R.
MacKenne and Sidney C. Groves.
Age Limit Too Low
In Civil Service
Says Legion Head
PORTLAND, March 21. P
Daniel J. Doherty, American Le
gion national commander, believes
civil service agencies and industry
as a whole sets too low a maxi
mum age limit In matters of em
ployment.
Me said In an Interview here
yesterday he was glad to see indi
cations that Industrialists were
rrtting away from the practice of
discriminating against persons
more than 40 years of age.
"This very unjust discrimina
tion goes to the root of modern so
cial unrest," he asserted.
He pointed out that the average
ago of the world war veteran was
now 45 years.
"As a matter of utility business
needs men and women of exper
ience," Doherty continued. "And
I also think the age limit is too
low in every field of endeavor for
which civil service examinations
are held government, state and
municipal."
Republicans to Elect
Annual election of officers will
be held at the meeting of the Lane
County Republican club, Tuesday
evening, at 8 oclock at the r.u
gene hotel. All republican men
and women of the county are in
vited to attend the session.
Fighting Fleet to
Be Increased by
1,500 Tons by Bill
WASHINGTON. March 21. (U.R)
The house today passed and sent
to the senate a bill authorizing the
greatest fighting fleet in the his
tory of tho United States.
The vote was 291 to 100.
Designed to carry out President
Roosevelt's request for a 20 per
cent increase in America's naval
fighting strength, the bill author
izes additions to raise U. S. fleets
to a total of 1,500,000 tons at a cost
of $1,121,546,000. Passage followed
a house vote of 276 to 114 defeat
ing a motion by Rep. Ralph Church,
R., 111., to recommit the bill.
Authorizes Ships
The measure, sponsored by
Chulrman Carl Vinson, D-, Ga., of
the huuse naval affairs committee,
specifically authorizes 48 new
combat ships, 22 naval auxiliaries
and 950 airplanes to bring the
navy's aerial arm to 3,000 fighting
planes. The 1,500,000 tonnage falls
just short of maintaining America's
share of the 8-3-3 naval ratio
among the United States, Great
Britain, and Japan under the an
nounced and reported building pro
grams ot the three great naval
powers.
While It projects this nation Into
the international armaments race,
the measure carries a statement
asserting the United States would
welcome a disarmament .joiifer-inc-e.
- It also specifically author
izes the president to suspend con
struction to carry out the terms of
n possible treaty, but forbids sus
pension or scrapping ot ships actu
ally under construction, as dona
by the United States under the
Washington treaty.
' Policy Section Out '
Originally this section carried
a statement of policy committing
the United States to a fleet pow
erful enough to defend both coasts
simultaneously and to protect our
territories and possessions as well
as "commerce and citizens abroad."
Opponents of the measure, fear
ing this indicated the enlarged
fleet was to be used for aggression
abroad, concentrated attack on this
provision. It was eliminated on
point of order.
The two great points of house
controversy a naval policy and the
wisdom of continuing to build
battleships are certain to be re
vived In the senate. Opponen'a of
the bill's authorization ot three
hattleships maintained that a
dreadnaught is primarily an of
fensive weapon and that the dsvel
opmcnt of air attack has mndo
huge battleships obsolete.
House members, however, agreed
with the contention of hifch rank
ing naval officers that as long as
other nations continue to build bat
tleships the United States mu:t
match them.
Hull Horrified At
Bombing Of Cities
WASHINGTON. March 21.
nj.RiSecretary of State Cordell
Hull today voiced the "sense of
horror," of the entire American
people over the slaughter of Span
ish civilians in Barcelona by na
tionalist bombing planes.
Speaking independently of ac
tion taken by any European
government, Hull said the disas
trous raids on Spanish non-combatants
in Barcelona had prompted
him agMi to voice the disapproval
and horror of this government
and of the American people at
such wanton destruction of non
combatant life.
Weather News
Winter chill continued to pre
vail In Eugene, Monduy, with the
day's minimum dropping to 31
degrees, one below the freezing
point. The forecast follows:
OKKGON: Unsettled tonight
and Tuesday: local showers west
portkn; snow flurries ever the
mountains; continued cold; mod
erate changeable wind off coast.
LOCAL STATISTICS: Minimum
temperature, Monday, 31 degrees;
maximum temperature, Sunday,
46 degrees; precipitation to 7 a,
m. Monday, .03 of an Inch: Stage
of Willamette river In Eugene at
7 a. m. Monday, 8.7 feet; wind,
south.
8 I US LAW TIDES! Tuesday,
high, 3:57 a. m., 5:21 p. m.; low,
11:03 a. m.. 10:43 p. m. Wednes
day: high, 4:43 a. in., 6.26 p. m.;
low, 12 noon. Thursday: high, 5;43
a. m., 7:33 p. m.; low, 1:03 p, m.