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Religion Today r
Catholic Doctrine
'Compatible With
Democratic State
By GEORGE W. CORNEA
AP Reliftoa Writer
Dors Catholic doctrine square
rita democratic government?
Some critic of the Roman
Catholic Church have loaf con
tended the to were tundaxnen tal
ly incompatible. - Lately some
noted non-Catholic scholars have
Joined Catholic Church leaden in
rebuttinf that idea.
"It'i Just not true." said Dr.
Ctarrin Shield, a professor of po
litical theory of the University of
California at Lot Angeles. "It
doesn't stand up in theory or
practice either one."
Dr. Shields, a Protestant, has,
pent three years digging into
Catholic doctrine and policies
trom ancient days to the present.
In a new book out today, "De
mocracy and Catholicism in
America." Shields details his find
tafs. They correspond, in part, to
those of a recent study by a Jew
ish scholar. Dr. Will Herbert,
caDed "Protestant -Catholic-Jew."
Prejadke Pretested
Other non-Catholic scholars,
both laymen and clergymen, have
also (one into the subject recently,
and protested the political preju
dice about the church that crops
op occasionally in America.
In this country of affirmed equal
opportunities for all religions, a
Roman Catholic never has woo
the presidential or vice president
ial office. A try for the presidency
by Al Smith, in 1928, met defeat.
What a terrible thing it would
be." says the Rev. Dr. John C.
Bennett s Protestant professor at
Union Theological Seminary, if
Protestant distrust robs 35 million
Catholic adult citizens of full
rights-of any chance at highest
office.
Shields said that "anti-Catholic i
sentiment has diminished in the
last 25 years, but there still is
enough of it to stain the picture."
Its source, be said, is ignorance.
of kings also was Protestant-born
in the time of England's King
James 1, Shields Mid, adding that
to tie such systems in with Catho
licism is "as far from the truth
as anything can be."
"Both doctrines are contrary to
Catholic teachings, and have been
repudiated by the church," he
said.
Reaction Agalast Calria
In fact, be added, the whole
drive that led to the separation of
church and state in the United
States was a reaction against the
Calvinist Protestant arrangement
for religious domination in civil
affairs.
Catholicism, on the other hand,
was upheld throughout its history
the separate provinces of church
and state what it calls the "doc
trine of the two swords. Shields
said.
In other words, be said, the un
wavering Catholic teaching has
been that church and state are
distinct powers one religious, the
other civil.
As the church sees it, he added.
each society has the right to work
out its own form of civil govern
ment, without interference from
the church so long as the govern
ment doesn't interfere in the reli
gious domain.
Other "irresponsible misconcep
tions," he said, are that church
teachings are binding in spheres
other than faith and morals, and
that statements by individual
Catholics on other matters repre
sent official church teachings.
Although the Pope and other
Catholic leaders often speak Out
Indonesia Has'
Show of Force
For Rebel View
JAKARTA, Indonesia. Feb. 20
President Sukarno and former
Vice President Mohammed Hatta
met today on the crisis dividing
the nation.' The government also
put on a military show of force
for the rebel regime on Sumatra.
The fact that talks had begun
between Sukarno and Hatta, Indo
nesia's two most popular leaders
who split last year, stirred hopes
for peace among all political par
ties except the Communists. Su
karno went to Hatta's residence
and they talked for two hours.
The government destroyer
Gadja Mada and some corvettes
meanwhile appeared only about
a mile off Padang, Sumatran rebel
headquarters, and Pakanbaru, on
the eastern coast.
Although there was a possibility
of naval bombardment of the rebel
centers, rebel leaders believed the
warships were merely taking up
blockade positions.
Rebel leaders also reported that
the Indonesian air force had car
ried out reconnaissance of Lake
Singkarak.
An Indonesian air force spokes
man confirmed that several am
phibitian planes made trial land-,
ings on the lake but declined to
elaborate.
The rebel regime headed bv
Sjafruddin Prawiranegara, set up
last Saturday at Padang. has in
dicated it would disband if Hatta
replaced Premier Djuanda.
Cuban Pay Boost 'Buys Votes' for 'Batista' Candidate
By LARRY ALLEN
HAVANA, Cuba. Feb. 20 Wt-It
seems most of Cuba's workers
are going to be in the mood to
vote for tho government's candi
date in the presidential elections
set for June 1.
The Labor Ministry has hist
decreed a big pay boost, effective
March 1. It is expected to go a
long way toward smoothing out
complaints and grumblings among
workers about the Increasing cost
of living.
Political quarters say the pay
rise is one of the smartest moves
the government of President Ful
gencio Batista could have made;
it should assure an avalanche of
votes from the nation's workers
for Prime Minister Andres Rivera
Aguero. He is the presidential
nominee of four progovernment
political parties and hat the per
sonal backing of Batista.
Virtually all of Cuba's workers
are members of the powerful
Cuban Confederation of Labor. Its
secretary-general, Eusebio Mujal,
is certain most of its 1.200,000
members will vote for Rivero
Aguero. Mujal called the pay boost
a triumph and accomplishment
for the working class.
Industrial, commercial and agri
cultural workers in the Havana
area have been receiving a min
imum pay of S60 per month. Start
ing March 1, the lowest they csn
be paid will be $85 monthly.
Outside the- Havana area the
minimum pay will be $80 per
month in urban areas and $75 in
rural communities.
Most Cubans feel Rivero Aguero
will have an easy time winning
the presidency.
There are three opposition
groups and one so-called in
dependent political organization
qualified to enter presidential can
didates. Thus far, announcements
of candidacy have come from
former President Ramon Grau
San Martin of the Cuban Revolu
tionary party; Carlos Marquex
Sterling of the Free People's or
ganization; and Alberto Salas
Amaro, of the Independent Cuban
Union party.
Cubans say failure of opposition
parties to agree on a single can
didate to oppose Rivero Aguero
also has increased his chances of
victory.
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on other things, such as the run
ning debate over tax aid to paro
chial schools. Shields said, "no re
ligious requirement is involved"
it s up to individual judgment.
As a practical matter, he said.
requirements set by Catholic teach
ings for exercising authority are
met more satisfactorily in a de
mocracy than in any other form
of rule.
"Most Protestant anti-Catholics
have no idea what Catholic doc
trines are." he said. "They as
some the church teaches what it
doesn't"
Strangely enough. Shields said,
many anti-democratic views at
tributed to the Roman Catholic
Church actually are of Protestant
origin and have always been
strongly apposed by the Catholic
Church.
For example, the idea of the "di
vine right of the elect of God" to
nde a state er nation.
This theory. Shields noted, was
originated by the Swiss Protestant j
Jofci Calria fta the 15th century. I
fad Drought to America by the
Frsritaas, who set op their theoc
racy (religious government) in
Mew England.
The concept of the divine right
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