UFOff ToFast The Weather twiti Todaa fcroeash Night and naming cloudiness, with par. Haily tunny afternoons today . ; and Saturday high today pear 70V (CMiahu srt ma t ;' POUND0D 1651 106th Year, 4 SECTIONS- PACES The Oregon Statesman, Salem, Oregon, Friday, Saptambor 21, 1954 PRICE 5c No. 17, Start $35,260 Starts Campaign With All-Time High ' United Fund pledges of $33, 260, . an all-time high for a first-day report, were turned in at the first report luncheon of the 1958 campaign Thurs day. The report wax more than $8, 000 higher than last year's first day figure in a campaign which collected $303,000 in leu than three weeks. This year's higher goal, $227,800, will be collected in twe weeks, if possible, offic ials said. Four chapters turned in com plete returns at the luncheon in Marion Hotel. They are Blue Packers, Allstate Insurance Co., Newberry's and Stevens Equip ment Co. Highest divisions were utilities, with 40 per cent of its $8,600 goal; general gifts, with 30 per cent of a $28,490 quota: and mercantile, with 24 per cent of $45,000. , ; The second report lunch will be this noon in Marion Hotel. (Additional United Fund news a Page 5). Hubbard Boys Caught After Vandal Spree Two Hubbard boys who used a stolen car as a plow and a bull dozer in an eventful, property damaging spree, were in custody of the county juvenile depart ment Thursday because one of them atuttered. One of the boys told Sheriffs Deputy Amos Shaw that they atole the car from a Portland atreet after playing hookey from school Tuesday. They had hitch hiked to Portland in search of a jolt and decided to take the IK! Pontiac when they couldn't find any work. After driving around aome he Mid they drove it into a farm er's plowed field where they were "squirreling" around until they hung it up on the roots of a filbert tree they had bowled over. They then borrowed a jack from a neighbor, freed the car, ran out of gas, borrowed some, bought some more, got a job at a - farm and abandoned the car In a graveyard before returning home Wednesday night. They also dam aged the car going around a cor ner too fast The auto, registered to Don J Breck of Vancouver, Wash., still had some $1,500 in photographic equipment in the back seat when recovered Thursday, Shaw said. The field and trees belonged to Wayne Bridge, Hubbard Route 1, Box 196 who estimated damage to the filbert trees at $250. Shaw said the pair was appre hended after the man who loaned the boys the jack reported one of them atuttered. Shaw said he recalled an earlier talk with a boy fitting the description and when contacted Thursday morn ing the youth admitted the es capade. Group Planning Suez Association ame Suae LONDON, Sept. 10 w -The planned association of Suez Canal users is having name trouble. The current proposal favors Co operative Assn. of Sues Canal Us ers. It seems to owe its origin to French Premier Guy Mollet. Trou ble Is, the initials CASCU sound like a rather vulgar French slang word that means, roughly,' pest. Nortli Howell, Woodburn, Salem Heights Win at Fair lltlfUMi Nfwi Srrvlrt WOODBRN, Sept. 20 Organiza tions from North Howell, Salem - Heights and Woodburn walked off with top honors today as the North Marion County Fair opened. The Little Garden Club of Salem Heights booth won top honors in the expanded floral department. WILBERT 7 ' "Blindfold all the My com. fay, M y Vm mjjJimM'L Strike Hits Swift Packers 25,000 Idle In 37 Cities Across Nation (Picture on Wirephoto page) CHICAGO, Sept. 20 (API Operations of Swift tt Co., the nations largest meat packer, were crippled today tv a walk out of 25,000 workers in .37 cities. The striking union de scribed the strike as "very ef j fective." Swift normally produces about oae-fifth of the nation's federally inspected meat, but the single company strike raised no prospect of shortages. Industry sources said Swift's nonstruck plants and other packing houses could boost their production to meet needs. The Federal Mediation and Con ciliation Service, which failed in an eleventh-hour bid to avert the walkout, set another meeting with the disputing parties tor 10 a.m. Monday. Around-the-clock picket lines were set up at most of the affected plants. The two striking unions the Amalgamated Meat Cutters and Butcher Workmen, and the Waited Packinghouse Workers- said a check of their locals at mid morning showed the walkoot was "highly effective." The unions, which have been seeking a "substantial" pay boost ol an undisclosed amount, and a union shop, accused management of making a "sheer sleight-of-hand" wage offer. Company spokesmen said they had offered 22 cents an hour gen eral wage boosts in a three-year contract with 10 cents' effective at once.- another 6 cents on the first anniversary and another 6 cents on the second. Rocket Plane X2 Flown to 126,0d0.Feet WASHINGTON. Sept. 20 UP The Air Force has flown the Bell X2 rocket plane the world's fastest aircraft to an unprecedented al titude of 128,000 feet. Although Defense .Secretary Wil son and Pentagon officials today- declined to release the informa tion, responsible sources else where confirmed it. Wilson told a news conference today only that some very re sponsible people had said that the X2 had set new speed and altitude records "and I think 1 could say that it has flowp higher and faster than any other aircraft." Capt. Ken C. Kincheloe. a Ko rean jet ace, reportedly (lew the plane to an altitude of almost 24 miles at the Edwards Air Force Base, Calif., flight test research center, more than two weeks ago. The previous known aircraft al titude peak was reached by the Bell X1A. a sister ship, at more than 90.000 feet, or about 17 miles, in 1954. Air Force Lt. Col. Frank K. i Pete) Everest Jr. flew the X to a new speed mark of 1.900 miles an hour almost three times the speed of sound July 23. COMMANDER NAMED PORTLAND, Sept. 20 liPl-Har lan W. Barnes of Portland today was named national commander of the Veterans of World War I, an organization promoting a $100-a-month pension for veterans of that war. North Howell's booth topped eight entries in Home Extension Unit competition, and Woodburn Grange' won the blue ribbon for community organization booths. Fairfield Grange, probably ex hibiting a booth at the fair for the last time, was awarded second place. The projected Air - Force Naval base in that area will take the land of most grange members in that area. The number and quality of farm and garden products "surpasses everything in the 15 year history of the fair, without exaggeration." Fair Secretary J. F. Lacey told The Statesman as exhibits opened to the public. " The exhibits will continue on dis play Friday from a.m. until late evening and again Saturday. Free entertainment at Settlemier Park will be repeated Frida yat I p.m. ' Other major winners , today in cluded: ( Flower cluba: 2nd, Woodburn Garden Club: 3rd, South Hills Gar den Club, Salem Heights; 4th, Beauty and Utility Club, Scotta Mills. Extension Units: 2nd, Keizer; 3rd, Gervais. Community booths: 3rd, North Howell Grange; 4th, Hazel Green Farm Bureau, JJD Egypt Studies Canal Users Plan Closely By WILTON WYNN CAIRO, Sept M (Pt-Egypt-: iana are taking a hard look at the Bars Canal nsers' associa tion, plan adVanced ia London today and hinting it may be close ta what might have been acceptable. But well informed sources aaid they regarded chances of acceptance slim now because ef resentment aroused by the way the plan was first presented. These sources said the details are still being studied. They added that It seemed Secretary of State Dulles now had made it dear no .plan would be im Twelve Nations Support Dulles Proposal for Suez LONDON, Sept. 20 (AP) - The free world's main sea powers lined up tonight behind the modified Dulles plan to win back from Egypt a share in control of the Suez Canal. Twelve nations at the 18-power conference here announced support for a Cooperative Assn. of Suez Canal Users (CASCU). This is incorporated in the prop-am outlined by Secretary of Estes Plans Short Stop in Salem Today A tightening campaign schedule will shorten today's Salem stop for Democratic-Vice Presidential Can didate" Rates Kefauver to IS min utes and his arrival lime has been set back to 2 p.m. at the Salem Airport. Sen. Kefauver, and his party of some 40 including J. Howard Mc Grath. . attorney general in the Truman administration, will ar rive at the airport from Klamath Falls in a chartered VC4 airlines;. He will leave by Linn County mo tor, caravan for .Albany at 3;2S p.m. after a 10-minute talk. At Albany Kefauver is scheduled to address a Democratic rally at the Linn County Courthouse at 3 p.m. and de p a r t for Corvallis where he speaks again at the Cor vallis Hotel at 4:30 p.m. His eve ning scheduled calls for a press conference at Eugene and a speech at Springfield. State Senator Robert D. Holmes, candidate for governor on the Democratic ticket, will introduce Kefauver for his airport talk. He will be introduced at Corvallis by Jason Lee, candidate for congress man from the 1st District. Atllai Critical Of Ike's Talk SILVER SPRING. Md.. Sept. 20 Adlai Stevenson accused Pres ident Eisenhower tonight of telling the public "only half the facts" about world peace prospects and of avoiding mention of "ominous tensions'' in the Middle East and Africa. The Democratic presidential nominee appeared before a cheer ing crowd that overflowed a sub urban Washington, D. C. high school gymnasium. He took the oc casion to answer Eisenhower's radio-TV address last night. Stevenson drew sharp issue with Eisenhower's implied criticism of his stand that the United States should take, the lead in trying to ban further hydrogen bomb tests and should consider the possibility of ending the draft.- (Add. details an page .) Sun Forecast After Clouds The weather picture will remain about the same in the Salem area today and Saturday with morning cloudiness giving way to partial afternoon sunniness, according to McNary Field forecasters. " Morning clouds brought .03 of an inch of rain to the area Thursday. High temperature reading, was 71 and today'a figure is expected to be about the same, with a 'low to night of around 46. Forecast for the beaches is par 1 1 a 1 cloudiness through tonight, with some showers in the Coast Range. Moderate fire danger ia expect ed in Western and Central Oregon through Friday. , NATIONAL LEAOUR At Pituhunh a. Milwaukee I (10 Only fma schsduled, AMERICA LEAGUE , gamae echadulad. scajpee's LSody posed Egypt. '" - . They stated that If the nsers' association plaa had first keen presented as Dulles outlined It in London yesterday and today, Egyptian officials would have at least given it careful consid eration. They asserted British Prime Minister Eden virtually killed chances, for Egyptian accept ances by the way he presented the plaa to Parliament in Lon doa Sept. 13. The term users' association became synonymous with sword rattling to the Egyptian and Arab ' peoples, they said. State Dulles as being based on justice with peace The 12 include th. five countries that control 75 per cent of the world's shipping: Britain, Norway. France, Italy and the United States. The others are Australia, New Zealand, Netherlands. West Germany, Portugal, Spain and Turkey. No matter what decisions are made here, final decisions still rested with home governments of all the 18 envoys. . .. . Twin aims of the association would be a working agreement with Egypt for unrestricted pas sage of members' ship and a permanent settlement based on in ternational control. The nations in it would stand ready to coordinate their maritime, economic and po litical policies toward Egypt in peaceful resistance to Egyptian control. Deadly Arrow Impales Young Store Clerk LOS ANGELES. Sept. 20 u- A mysterious archer, firing a deadly crossbow from ambush, shot a steel-tipped arrow through a young liquor store clerk last night. William Edward Allen, 20. im paled under the right shoulder by the -16-inch feathered shaft, is in critical condition. The aniper's crossbow, a mod ern, deer-hunting adaptation of the medieval weapon, was found in bushes across the alley at the rear of the liquor store, along with four more arrows. The arrow was shot from about 50 feet away. It had sped through an open rear door of the store as Allen walked toward the front with a case of beer. Clutching the part of the shaft that protruded from his chest, Al len stumbled to the street and called to a friend, George N. De renia, 22, Maywood, to whom he had been talking. "Pull it out, George! Pull it out!" - Dcrchia told sheriff's deputies he yanked the broad-tipped arrow out and with it came a terrifying gush of blood. The crossbow was found cocked. Sheriff's Sgt. Ray Hopkinson said the crossbowman apparently had intended to shoot Allen again but panicked and fled. Allen could offer no explanation for the attack. His mother. Mrs. Anna Allen, 47, said he had no known enemies. Hopkinson said the crossbow was bought at a downtown sport ing goods store. Dorm Regulation Not Too Strict SAN MARCOS. Tex . Scot 20 I Men students checking into Say rrs Hal at Southwest Texas State College today found this regula tion in the book "Report your overnight guest and have her aign guest book." Someone. forgot to rewrite the regulations of the former girls' dorm. U.S. Men By FRANK CARET . . ' AJV Scleac reporter ATLANTIC CITY. N.J. Sept. 30 i-A perfume chemist said today that "although he would never ad mit it," the average t American male uses MORE perfumed prod ucts today than th ladies. . Dr.- Oliver L. Marton,- chief per fumer ot Shulton,,Inc. Clifton, NJ reported tht men's pur 2 Saved After Fish Boat Sinks 83,000 Catch of Tuna Lost 60 ; Miles Offshore NEWPORT, Ore, Sept. 20 (AP) Two tuna fishermen, heading for home with about a $3,000 catch, were snatched from the sea far offshore today after their hoat suddenly sank from under them. "1 . was scared, like anybody else would be," said Dan Jackson, 26, crew man on the 40-foot-long boat, Al Jr., after he and skip per Dick Altree, 30, reached shore aboard the boat that had rescued them. Both are from Reedsport, Ore. . Altree and Jackson managed to inflate a rubber raft, and apent about two hours bobbing on I choppy sea in the raft before day break enabled the skipper of the Santiam, A. L. Sibley, 46, New port, to find them about to miles offshore. Heard Radio Call Sibley, also had been fishing in the tuna area 100 miles offshore, heard the first distress call Al tree and Jackson were able to get out when their boat began rill ing with water. When he thought he was at the place, he stopped and waited for daybreak. The first light dis closed the two,' paddling toward him. . " . The crowd waiting at the dock for the rescued men. speculated that a ea cock, had- .rusted away and allowed the tea to pour into the Al Jr. Hard ta Steer Altree aaid the first indication of trouble was that the boat, car rying about 11,000 pounds of .tuna, became hard to steer. Then be discovered the boat filling rapid ly. "We were less than 30 feet away from the boat as it went down, stern first," Altree said. In the crowd waiting at the dock were Altree's wife and their blonde, 3-year-old daughter, Mona, and his mother. They lost all their gear even their shoes, which they took off in ! I".' L ,; ,K - iif raft uituoiwivh aws juii'r" v..w British Hang CypriotTrio NICOSIA, Cyprus, Friday, Sept. 21 W Three Greek Cypriot rebels were hanged by British authori ties, at Nicosia Central Prison to day for violence and murder. A police official came out from behind the massive prison walls and told reporters the executions were carried out shortly before 2 a.m. Long before the hour of the tri ple hanging, Greek Cypriots went on an islandwide strike. There were new outbursts of anti-British violence. PEKA. a new underground organization, said in leaflets the strike would continue three days "in tribute to three more heroes. Construction at a royal air force base at Akrotiri and a joint head quarters for Middle East Forces was slowed down by the strike. The island's Greek and English language newspapers were shut down. Today's Statesman Pago Sac. Benson Raports ... 32 ...IV Business News . 32 .. IV Classified 33-35....IV Comes tho Dawn ... 4 ... I Comics .........26 ...III Crossword 37 ... IV Editorials 4 I Food 19-28....III Home PanoramaM, 15.... (I Markets .... Obituaries Radio-TV .... Sports Star Cazar .32....IV 32...IV It.... II 26... Ill ...29-31..IV 3.... I I, I Valley News Wirephoto Pago ..26....III Outstrip chases of fragrance containing preparations of various types total three times as much as women spend on "perfume, toilet water, cologne, bath salts, bubble bath and so forth." ' , He told the 130th national meet ing of the .American Chemical Society that American- men spend more than a quarter of a billion dollars yearly on before, during and aiLer-ihavtag products alone Corpse Found 15 Miles North of Salem ' . i rrl " m . r c, i lr -";"sji ' 1 , . . . j rS: r 1 fTaMxL. VJ J. Body identified at Dan C. Ott shore of Willamette Rl?er, few feet from this ipet, ls miief north or Salenv Thursday. Deputy Corner C. C Edwards ii openlBf bar to let, Una Sheriff Georfe . Miller (ettreme left) try to identify remaiu. Others, from left, Marion Deputy Sheriffs Ernest Clark Jr and Roy Lamb and State Policeman Lloyd Rlegef. (Statesman Photo by John, EricksenJ. n , Price Battle Area Plywood PORTLAND. Sept. 20 -The price of plywood was cut by one ibii firm today to $67 a thousand t iu j l . M square iw, wurvru w w jwst- square World War II low. One industry spokesman was quoted by the Oregon Journal as saying "this could turn into a real , , . . Grand Jury to Investigate 'Sex7 Parties in Silverton A special grand Jury investigation into reports of three Silverton area ?se-x" parties has been called for next Friday hy District Attorney Xnncth E. J)rown and some 34 Marion ana Clackamas County youths reportedly involved are being sub poenaed to testify. First reports of the parties came to light two weels ago with the arrest of a 17-year-old Silverton boy on a charge of statutory rape of a 12-year-old Oregon City girl. The youth is being held in the Marion County juvenile detention ward on the charge and will be called to tes tify. Sheriff's deputies began Thurs-i day night serving warrants on the 34, ranging in age from 12 to 25 years. Most of those being sub poenaed were listed from Silver ton, but several Salem, Wood burn, Mt. Angel, Molalla and Oregon City youths were also in cluded. Preliminary investigation by police has indicated three par ties at Silverton area homes where considerable j u v e n il e drink and illicit sexual relations reportedly took place. According to deputies' reports several other 12 and 13 year-old srirls were also involved sexually at the party though complaint has been filed only in tne case oi the Oregon City girl. Source of the liquor furnished to underage youths, responsibility for the all night parties, and attempts to de termine if other persons should be prosecuted for statutory rape will be the aim of the special session of the grand jury. A regular grand jury session will meet next Thursday to con sider several other pending cri minal casea. Ladies in exclusive of what they spend for such "big toiletry items as hai( tonics and deodorants."- He did not list the Liter figure, but declared the shaving products outlay alone is almost as much as women spend on "the entire cos metic market which includes all creams, make-up- bases lipsticks, rouge, mascara and even com parts." , The volume of after-shaving 7.1.1 8 . ; i5 Ji - '-,f ' J V 1 . V (Inset), reeent Albany : Jail escapee wo' found Thursday neat price battle before production cuts back to market demand." Others said layoffs "are imminent." Georgia-Pacific, one of the larg est plywood producers, today list ed the $67 price for quarter-inch D index grade, sanded on one side, trade sources reported, touching Ike Replies To Complaints Of Farmers BOONE, Iowa. Sept. 10 (Al President Eisenhower said tonight that "by golly, we're doing all we can" for the farmers. Eisenhower made his remark in formally as he and Mrs. Eisen hower arrived here at the end of a triumphal 60 mile auto ride through Iowa farmlands after their plane landed them at Des Moines. Arriving at the home of Mrs. Ei senhower's uncle and aunt, Mr. and Mrs. Joel Carlson here, the Eisenhowers were greeted by a cheering crowd that massed about their automobile. As the President and his wife passed down a receiving line, Marlow Williams, Boone 'lawyer and chairman of the local arrange ments committee, told the Presi dent "The farmers are still complain ing. Mr. President." "By golly," the President ex claimed, "we're doing all we can for them." , President Eisenhower will make a short talk Friday at the National Plowing Contest at Newton, . Iowa. Use of Perfumery lotion alone $27,000,000 Is bigger than the total perfume market. and la 60 per cent as big as the market for all toilet waters and colognes, he declared. However, he said, women still account for about three-fourths of the annual American total of 11, 300,000.000 apent on cosmetics, toiletries and perfumes of all sorts -ItemtSrhlch would Include Aon- M i it j j V Peareclin; Industry off emergency ' meetings by oth er companies. - The price dropped from $90 a thousand to $72 the past summer Georgia-Pacific officials were not available for comment Slack Market . Recently the . entire Pacific Northwest lumber Industry has complained of . a slack market, blaming tight credit which they said was curtailing housing con struction. A decrease in the price of ply wood in the mid-Willamette are appeared in the offing Thursday. ' The speculation arose as ply wood manufacturing plants in this area arose to challenge a price cut by Georgia Pacific Plywood Co.- Managers of most of the larger plants in this area indicated they would probably "have to go along" with price cuts of their own. Declsiea Today "We'll probably decide today at our plant how much, if any, of an adjustment to make," said Paul Morgan, manager of Willamette Valley Lumber Co. at Dallas. Guy Hartle, manager of M it M Woodworking Co. at Lyons, said he had heard rumors of the Geor gia Pacific price slash and specu lated that the adjustment - would probably be met by other manufacturers. Government1 Acts to Break Housing Credit Bottleneck WASHINGTON, Sept. 10 W-The government today took four simul taneous actions to break the bot tleneck in credit for new homes, including a cut in the down pay ment on low-priced housesT The White House announced the actions, proposed some weeks ago by Albert M. Cole, administrator of the Housing and Home Finance Agency. Cole said today the moves had been held up in fear that the relaxation "might push the infla tionary spiral still Higher." Cole predicted the bundle of new orders will have "substantial ef fect" in stimulating the lagging housing industry. perfumed as well as perfumed products, '-" - t. While he declared mat mere nas been a "spectacular upswing" in relatively recent years in the sale of perfumed products to men, it's really nothing new. Since the davi of the Pharoahs, he said,, "much more money has been spent by men than women for beautifying or spirit-lifting lux uries" in th toiletry ueio. OttDcatli to m 'xt , :! .;iti IJrOAVTllllff In Albany Break Other Tliree: Seen in Idaho By CHARLES IRELAND " Valley Editor, Tha Statesman; An ; Albany - fail breaker! body was recovered from" this Willamette River 15 miles . north of Salem Thursday, 1 13 days. after-,, quartet of potm' tiaj lifers smashed out of- Jb Linn County jaiL t u : ""; H Th remains were "definitely - identified" as those of Dan Cong don Ott, 45, Idanha, according to Coroner Leston D. Howell. The coroner said death was eaused by drowning, apparently . "very soon" sfter the four des peradoes broke out ot jail. Ther were no marks of vi lence on Ott's body, .Howell said, But ther was immediate specu ' lation that the escaped victim ' bad met with foul play. Discovery of Ott 'a body, dove tailed with th most recent re port of the escapees. A week Sgo three men who abandoned a stol en car near Idaho Falls, Idaho, were "positively identified" ther as members of the Albany escapf gang. ,,--. t ' N Hot Leads Tbero had been no hot leads regarding any of the escapees since the Idaho trail petered out. Ott's body was observed float ing in th placid waters ot tht Willamette at 10:30 a.m. Thurs-' day by George W. Workman Jr, Salem,' a farm worker. . , The spot was a remote on, four miles from the nearest eoun -ty road but only 100 yards from a cultivated field. - - ' Workman was looking for a place to fish when he saw Ott 'I body bunched up in a shallow spot near , tha shore. Badly Decomposed Deputy Coroner C C Edwards said the body had.probablv tresr floating for a week after .uiae ing. The body was badly decom posed. , ,. ;! , f " Th body could have drifted from . Albany, where ths escapa took place; from Independence, where the escape; ear. was aban doned near the river: or from any way point). ifr ' Ott was described as "by laf the least dangerous of . the four escapees" by Linn County Sher iff George Miller.; Took Medicine ! ' ( ' ' " The dead man was the oldest of the four and had been taking medicine in jail. Three druggist a bottles comprised most of th effects that were found on his body. " "It was my opinion from th start that the other three would not stay with him." Sheriff Miller said. - - i ' y Identificatio was based in part vn m sa rs via vi itu u-iva a thumb that was previously Miss ing from hia body, Miller saict, am latnn mm fiffff fa jf Ott had been ia th Linn jaU while appealing a 13-year prison sentence for breaking into 'an Idanha dwelling last May. He tad been sentenced to prison four times before snd was facing habi tual criminal proceedings - that could have sent him up for life. WOMEN VOTERS LEAD - PORTLAND I Women lead men in voter registration of both parties in Multnomah County. James W. Gleason, registrars! elections reported today. . . - In taw York,' the president 'of a leading ' mortgage brokerage firm called the steps "inflation . ary." ' ..-'': ri.""' The federal actions were these: i 1. The. Federal Housing Admin istration reduced from 7 per cent T to S per cent the minimum down payment on FHA-lnsured homes , Costing $9,000 or less. On mors ex pensive houses the down payment ia unchanged 7 . per cent of th first $9,000 of the mortgage and 27 per cent on the rest. 3. The Federal National Mort gage Assn. announced It will mak advance ' commitments to banks . and - savings-loan companies i to purchase residential mortgages at H per cent of their face value. It has been buying at 93 per cent.. The FNMA buys mortgages to provide the lenders with cash for further real estate investment. , 3. The Federal Horn Loan Bank Board increased th amount of money horn loan banks may lend to the 4,400 savings and Loan in stitutions affiliated with the Dans board, v -i 4. The FNMA rtducad tha amount ot Us common stock which a lender must buy when h sells mortgages to FNMA, The new re quirement is 1 sex cent, instead lot 1 fr cant. ' u 1