Pike Exploration 150 Years Ago
Paralleled Lewis and Clark Trip
Led First American Party to Upper Mississippi Area
Editor's Natei Tfcli year marks
Me 150U aanlrersary of the first
major eiolerallei of the Upper
Mississippi area aa espedlUaa
that eoeaeo' ap a great regie that
w iaeladea Missovrl, lewa, H-
liaali, Mlaaeeota, Wlaeeasla and
tha Dakota. Hera's the story af
thai elght-meath trek oad the maa
wae let It, Zebaloa Mentgemery
Pike.
' By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
One hundred and fifty years ago
a young Army lieutenant whose
name was later lo commemorate
a mountain poled hit keelboat into
St. Louis and thus became the
first white man to successfully
ascend and come down what ia
known today as the . "upper
stretch" of tha Mississippi River.
Zebuloo Montgomery Pike, Just
26 years old, had returned to t.
Louis after an eight-month trek
into the Upper Mississippi area.
Our nation had purchased the
Louisiana Territory in 1R03, and
Pike's upriver exploration was
, one of two important missions be
' ing conducted in the young repub
lic In 1805. The other, of course
' was the Lewis and Clark expedi
tion which broke trail up another
great river, the Missouri.
Pike's Mississippi trip Is one
that history seems to have over
looked. Perhaps It Is because his
second great .river trek up the
Arkansas in late 1806 brought
him to the -mountain now named
"Pike's Peak." Whatever the ex
planation, his Mississipypi River
explorations deserve notice too.
Plarate Indians
Pike and his party of M men
left St. Louis on Aug. 9. IMS. Ac
cording to orders given him by j
lien. James wiwinson, rue was
to explore and report on the Mis
sissippi River from St. Louis to
its source: recommend sites for
military posts: consult with Indi
ans along tha way: make peace
(if possible) between the Sioux
and Ojibways. and check on Brit
ish traders who had remained in
the newly acquired American ter
ritory. He did manage to placate some
of the Indians he encountered. But
he never achieved his goal of find
ing the actual source of the Mis
sissippi. He thougM he located it
when, on Jan. SO. 1S06, he reached
the Junction of Leech Lake and
the main stream of the river. But
there wera several other sources
of the great stream to the north,
and these he did not find.
Well Worth Trip
This understandable shortcom
ing aside. Pike's accomplishments
on the 1.130-mlle stretch of upper
river were worth the difficult trip.
tla mnffH tn secure 100.000
acres of land from the swux wno
were camped at the confluence of
the Minnesota and Mississippi
rivers where Ft. Snelling now
ctsruti The wire for this tract
Pit. rannrliut lht he ot it after
he had presented the Sioux with
Sinn wortn OI fins ana nmo
"cleared tha Indians' throats'
with some 60 gallons of well wa
tered whiskey.
Pike also visited the fabulous
Julien Dubuque wfiose lead mines
at what is now Dubuque, lowa.
were the richest in the area.
The etnertition wintered in what
' now Little Falls. Minn. In the
'ierce winter weather Pike 'made
. uv north hv ranoe. dne-sled
nd snow-shoes until he reached
".corn Lake. He must naveeen a
"ippy and weary man Indeed,
v hen he got back to St. Louis on
Anril 30. 1806.
Military Pts
Pike's report on the Vpper Mis
sissippi country, besides provid
iH intelligence for our young na
tion with a brand new territory
n Its hands, also led to the e
ihlishment of four important mil
:'iry posts in the I'pper River
rrmntry, Forts Madison. Edwards.
Armstrong and Crawford.
: Pike got no special reward for
his upriver accomplishments, and
had luck seemed to follow him
from this point on.
Sent out on the. exploration of
the Arkansas River three months
Bier he returned from his Missis--.inpl
trip, he was captured by
Mexican and taken on an en
'nrced tour of their country before
he was released in 1607. He finally
was killed in the battle of York
during the War of ISIS.
Pike's military career wss short
and fascinating. He negan as a
lieutenant in lWtt, and when he
was killed in 1813, he was a brig
adier general.
Rorkles Area
Although Pike's name is known
now, for the most part, In associ
ation with the mountain Colorado
he discovered, in the 19th Century
he was a heroic fiure. The first
BEFORE . .-
f You buy a Spinal
M Organ ...
ffi Have You
.
Heard Ana
steamboat to reach St. Louis was
named after him; President
James Madison eulogized him in
an address to Congress; and a
new warship in Scaketts Harbor
was christened . the "general
Pike" in MM.
Today, his nsme marks a Mis
sissippi River dam, a state park.
10 counties, II towns and several
bays, rivers and lakes in addition
to the famous mountain.
Most interesting of all, perhaps,
when one thinks of Pike and hia
expedition into tha Upper Missis
sippi country ISO years ago, is
what happened to that country. I
During the "golden age of the
steamboat," hundreds of the stern
and paddle wheelers made their
way upriver, transporting passen
gers and cargo destined for the
booming upper Midwest country.
This was the great period of set
tlement in the area which encloses
the states Missouri, Illinois, Iowa,
Minnesota, Wisconsin and the Da-
Paralyzed Vet
Pleads Against
Vandal Attack
PASSAIC. N.J. toK paraplegic
veteran Saturday pleaded with
vandals to stop wrecking his spe
cial house being constructed on
city-donated land.,
Richard J. O'Brien Jr., who was
paralyzed from the waist down in
the Korean War, asked police for
special guards for his house.
O'Brien noted that the city's gift
of some unused park property
for his house was resented by
some people who said "There will
be no park property left soon."
The house is being equipped with
special devices to aid the para
lyzed veteran. In recent weeks,
O'Brien said, vandals ripped down
every piece of insulation installed
by the contractor, broke windows,
ripped valuable electrical equip
ment, and stole building materials.
kotas, The steamboat played
vital part in the influx.
Limited Navigation
But after the Civil War the ex
panding railroads built bridges
and rails across the Mississippi.
From then until the mid-30s, nav
igation on the Upper Mississippi
was a very limited business.
In the 30s, the U. S. Army En
gineers launched their biggest
"taming project" on the upper
river with the construction of 26
locks and dams. The project
transformed the upper river's pro
file so that now it resembles a
flight of steps, with locks and
dams constituting the risers, and
the pools the treads to a giant
stairway 660 miles long.
Today, the river is as busy as
highway. In 1955. another all-time
record was set for tonnage
shipped on the Mississippi. Stub
by, but , powerful towboata,
equipped with diesel and radar,
do the job. Coal, oil, metals, farm
machinery, grain and chemicals
are hauled by the millions of tons
But the upper river still has
the beauty and grandeur that Pike
witnessed. The" bluffs, wooded is
lands and countless inlets that
Pike saw, art, still there.
And though the river Itself has
seen great changes in people,
commerce, industry and naviga
tion, it is the same great stream
the Indians called "The Father of
Waters." The Upper Mississippi
has remained legendary, even as
in Pike's time, though it is now
fully explored and harnessed.
MAS. s
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