Missionary-Slaying Indians One
Of World's Least-Known Tribes
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riTt missionaries were slain recently in the Jungle-fastness f eastern Ecuador. Shaded portion of map
(upper center) ihowi where the 1,000 Auca Indians one of world's least-known tribes, hold forth.
WASHINGTON-Ecuador's Auca
Indians, suspected of slaying five
United States missionaries recent
ly, remain among the least known
tribes on the face of the earth,
Roaming the unexplored forests
of the "Oriente," the back country
of eastern Ecuador beyond the
Anrftt alnnn kAaHu.ftlAi. AfMhA
Amazon, these people take their
very name from word meaning
Teocwous or enemy.
outsiders rarely nave oravea
the tribesman's haunts, an area
fit Inrttirnna haat Ivlnir kfttuAAn
the Curaray and Napo Rivers,
the National Geographic Society
says. Sometimes they have
glimpsed or sensed the wary war
riors fading phantomlike Into their
trackless fastnesses.
Decorate Their Bodies
The Aucas number perhaps 2.000
In all. The males are stout and
affect long hair. In the ovenlike
climate they pursue "their warring
and hunting, smeared eerily with
bright clays, and wearing little
eke. In ceremonial dances, they
add feather headdresses and
thread and feather amulets.
Many of thorn stretch their ear
lobes to grotesque lengths, some-
I times to the shoulders. Such
adornment Is shared by the worn-
. . . .1.. - . . .1
en oniy auer marriage, reamers
projecting at 45-degree angles are
inserted through punctured holes
in the nose. Monkey teeth dangle
trom lips.
The men are monogamous, al
though chiefs may take two wives,
one authority asserts.
Spears I'sed in Warfare
The warriors appear not to have
adopted bows and arrows. They
rely upon long, heavy hardwood
spears in warfare. One party
which braved the Aucas domain
was received with showers of such
weapons. They saved their lives
only s with heavy gunfire, which
finally routed the Indian attack
ers. All attempt to civilize the
Aucas hae been fiercely resisted.
They even shun the other Indian
jungle tribes, who hold them In
extreme fear. The scant Impres
sions made by white men in the
Kcuadorean Oriente since Spanish
explorations in the 16th century
have left the Aucas unaffected by
any form of civilization. ,
Headhunteri Shun Aucas
In the Oriente, inhabited by
many Indians, the Jivaros (Jibar
os) are probably the largest tribe.
They reside in the southeastern
jungles along the Pastaza, Noman
goza, Santiago, Zamora, L'pano
and Moroni Rivers. -
Also rebellious, they long have
stood off white men's Intrusion,
Including early efforts to enslave
them for gold production. Fond of
feuding with other tribes, they are
renowned as htadhunters, employ
ing an old process to shrink en
emies' heads. But even Jivaros
seldom are known to tangle with
the Aucas. ,
"Soft Green Carpet"
Seen from the air, the forest
abode of the nomadic fighters
spreads like a soft green carpet
beyond the reach of the eye. Sluggish-appearing
rivers weave - yel
low designs, overhung by ribbons
of mist from the humid forests.
The rivers are the only thorough
fares. But for the noisy birds-parrots,
macaws, long beaked toucans and
others of brilliant hues an Im
memorial silence Would hover
across much of the area's lovely
but dangerous jungle.
Miots upreal
Across India:
'600 Said Dead
BOMBAY, India Ll - Rebellion
against the Nehru government's
ideas of re-partitioning the Indian
1 states along language lines spread
Saturday across the subcontinent.
: Communists obviously were, In the
I Violence was reported spreading
as far away as Calcutta, the blg
j f est city, and Madras State in the
extreme southeast. It started here
on the west coast last Monday In
! this second largest city. There was
'a brief upsurge of violence in
' Bombay late Saturday night after
lull.
I As many as 600 persons may
have been killed in Bombay city
and atate since Monday, but offi
cial figures were far below that.
Responsible observers have count
ed 200 dead in Bombay.
In the seventh straight day of
violence It was apparent that Com
munists were seizing on and
exploiting the so-called language
riots as the best weapon they have
found against Nehru.
The spread of violence was re
emphasized Saturday when Anwr
I lean evangelist Billy Graham flew,
! on schedule, the 600-odd miles from
j Bombay to Madras city to carry
on his Asian revival campaign,
f Graham had landed here last
mid-week In the midst of rioting
over Prime Minister Nehru's deci
sion to federalize and set Bombay
city apart from nearby states in
the reshuffling to conform roughly
with language lines.
As Graham arrived on the east
coast, Madras state was wracked
by demonstrations and violence.
Businesses have been suspended
for three days or so In several
Tamil-speaking towns of south
Madras.
Madras state lost a large part
of its coastal area in 1SS3 when
the Telugu-speaking atate of And
hra was carved out of it. -
Red leaders at their fourth Mala
bar Communist Party conference
at Mahe, a port in former French
India, .protested Saturday against
federalizing Bombay and demand
ed an inquiry into shooting by
Bombay police. These police have
orders to shoot looters and arson
ists on sight.
Bombay police shot dead !ive
torch-bearing rioters in the streets
late Saturday night.
r ........ r . '
Legal Study of Presidents'
Replacements Nearly Ready
By F.DMOND le BRETON
WASHINGTON I - The results
of one of the quietest congressional
Inquiries ever conducted into the
legal problems raised by a Presi
dent's illness will be published
In about two weeks.
Without giving any publicity to
Its work, the House Judiciary
Committee has asked former Pres
idential, vice presidents and sec
retaries of state and a selected
group of law scholars and political
scientists about 60 in all for
Admission Fee '
Irks Residents
SAO PAt'LO, Brazil - Paul
liiai are complaining about pay
ing a five cruzeiro 74i cents' ad
mission fee to talk to Gov. Janio
Quadros. -The governor's offices
are located In Ibirapuera Park,
where the fourth Sao Paulo centen
nial was held. The pavilions are
still standing and, to enter the
park, the fee is charged.
THEFT STRIKES HOME
PARIS, Tex. un Patricia Ann.
4, would like the person who took
a hat and scarf from her snow
man this week to know they be
longed to her daddy, Archie
Sparks, who wants them back.
I their Ideas on such questions as
these:
If it should ever be necessary
to determine formally whether a
I President is disabled to the extent
that someone else must take over
the powers and duties of the office,
who should raise the question?
Who would settle it?
Is it constitutionally possible for
a vice president to replace a dis
abled President, but to hand the
powers and responsibilities back if
the President recovers during the
term?
Is any legislation needed to clear
up the uncertainties? Should the
constitution be amended?
President Eisenhower told a
news conference Thursday he hod
given a great deal of thought to
the subject during his recent ill
ness and he said:
"I do believe that there should i
be some agreement on the exact
meaning of the constitution, who
has the authority to act."
Committee sources said about So
replies have been received in Its
current study and that the opinions
are anvthlnf but unanimous. Rut
the actual opinions are being clow-'
ly guarded until a summary report'
is brought out early In February,
Then the committee, which last
week appointed a special subcom
mittee on presidential Inability,
will decide now to proceed.
Division Into
Boroughs Voted,.
At Alaska Meet
FAIRBANKS, Alaska I - Dele
gates to Alaska's constitutional
convention voted to divide the fu
ture state into boroughs instead of
counties.
The convention is nearing the
end of its 75-day session. The docu
ment it drafts must be submitted
to Alaska's voters. If they ap
prove it, the constitution will be
sen to Congress in "the hope it
will bolster the campaign for
statehood.
McKay Certain
President to Run
CASPER, Wyo. - Secretary
of the Interior McKay is confident
President Eisenhower will seek
re-election.
He made the prediction Friday
night at a "Salute to Eisenhower"
dinner meeting here in which he
referred to the President as "the
foremost man of our day."
McKay also again denied
charges that his department was
embarked upon a "giveaway" pro
gram. That is "pure election year
bunk," he said.
FleeingTrio
Charged With
Armed Theft
- .
FAIRBANKS, Alaska t - Two
men and a woman whose flight
through Canada was stopped by
the United States Army were
charged Saturday with an armed
robbery in Alaska.
Held here in the federal jail ire
Zetty Ann Walker. 21. a widow,
from Anchorage, Alaska, and '.wo
airmen from Elmendorf Air Force
Base, Anchorage, The airmen are
John A. Magaw, 19, Long Island,
N.Y.. and William A. Carragan,
20, Pasadena, Md.
Each was charged with the rob
bery of Jack Marler, proprietor of
the Tok Junction, Alaska, lodge,
and theft of an automobile used
in fleeing from Tok Junction, Mar
ler lost 4M in the robbery early
Friday.
Magaw, Carragan and Mrs,
Walker were stopped south of the
Canadian-Alaska border by i
northbound U.S. Army convoy en
route from Ft. Lewis, Wash., to
Alaska for winter maneuvers.
They had failed, to stop at Snag,
Canadian-American customs
tion, crashing through a barrier
and speeding off down the highway
at high speed. The Canadians ra
diovd ahead to the Convoy and its
vehicles were placed across the
rood, forcing the trio to stop.
They surrendered to the armed,
parka-clad s o 1 d i e r and were
turned over to the Canadians who,
in turn, sent them back to Alaska,
Marler said he was pistol
whipped by one of the trio during
the robbery.
Bail was set at $5,000 for each
of the three.
i r
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