fjOresonQ30tafe$matt GRIN AND Uo Facer Sways Us. No Fear Shall Awe" H Tnm First Stateu. March 2S. 1S51 ! - Statesman Publishing Company CHARLES A-.SPRAGUE, Editor & Publisher. ' Published every mornmf . Business office 2M North Church St- S-lgm. Ore. Telephone 4-411 Entered at the pos toff ice at Salem. Ore- as second class matter under act of Co arrets March J. 179. f Member Associated Press The Associated Press is entitled exclusively to the use lor republication of all local news printed in this newspaper. Salute to Ground Observers One of the most thankless jobs in Civilian Defense, and yet Tone which Air Force Chief Gen. Twining declares is a vital and indis pensable part of national security, is that of the Ground Observer Corps. .The corps, which now has 400,000 persons on 24-hour "Operation Skywatch," will have it3 third anniversary July 14. Major factor, in the observance of that event is the an nouncement that the corps is becoming truly nation-wide. Twelve southern and Rocky Mountain states are assuming responsibil ities which the other 36 states have been carrying out for some time. National goal is 1,000,000 persons to operate 24,000 posts and 73 filter centers. The Ground Observer shares in none of , . t x xi. :: tj in. me glamor oi osiena.tue (Jduiuiuui. she is merely the silent, patient, watchful complement to the radar which is becoming more and more an intrinsic part oi defense but which has its weaknesses (low-flying planes can come in under it undetected) and which is far too costly to install at the thousands of vantage points where "Opera tion Skywatch is maintained. To many folk, the Ground Observer Corps teems a futile and time-wasting project. Military men to date regard it differently, and, after all, it is on them we must depend. On the forthcoming anniversary of a pro gram to which hundreds of thousands of loyal Americans have given many hours and much effort, we feel a special salute is well warranted. ? ' " It is true, too, that the Ground Observer Corps is not merely watchfully waiting. Al ready it is credited with spotting fires which could have flared into . disaster; reporting aerial plane mishaps in time to effect res cues at sea; thrown its efforts into averting panic in hurricane-stricken areas. . -Its member include persons in all walks of life, some of them doubling in their daily duties as bridge tenders, prison guards, dam caretakers. Others who donate time outside of their regular work include a California mother of 11 who is a restaurant dishwasher; the great-great-granddaughter of Abraham Lincoln; Willie Hoppe, world billard ' cham pion; a legless World War I veteran; prison convicts. The list is endless. They won't get much thanks unless there f 1 a- is a climactic event wmcij we ail nope never will happen. But in the meantime we assur edly can recognize the spirit which prompts their efforts. Multnomah County Out of Step The county assessor of Multnomah Coun ty manages to keep out of step with the state tax commission most of the time. It isn't new with the incumbent, Wiley Smith, but goes back a long ways in county history. Some 15 years ago Commissioner Charles Galloway got into quite a battle with Mult nomah County to get it to bring its assess ments on 'residential property up to parity with business property. Years before, the practice had been, established to let resi- ' dence valuations sag, putting more of the load on commercial property. Then even the Oregonian sobbed over the tax commission's orders which were based both on law and -equity. , In recent years there have been contro- ' versies over appraisals of merchandise in ventories; and now the State Tax Commis sion has ordered county officials lo reduce the assessment made by the county assessor, against the Reynolds Aluminum plant at Troutdale. It is quite safe to assume that the state body intervenes only when the facts make it necessary. Local assessing officials are granted wide discretion in determining val ues; but appeals may be taken to the State Tax Commission and then this body has to act on the basis- of the evidence presented. It is time Multnomah County "got back in the Union!; and based its assessments on con formity with state law. bear it Byiichty South Korva Again Carries ' in M ', i, h iriaith nuraen or us uer ense (Editor's Note: When the Com manlsts smashed lata Sooth Korea fire years age, there wasn't mach U stop them at first. Here, la an anniversary report on or most powerful military ally la Asia, is a look at what Soath Korea ha ready oa Its own la case the Reds decide U try it agala.) raw Senator's old reocW just nmtmbert kirn as the doss idiot . eWt rooire he's functioning oa mrthnol boas mow; The Westwar d Tr ek Timher and Petroleum Up here we think: we get pretty good prices ior timber, and we do,' but both the states and the federal government are real izing fancy sums oa leases for offshore oil lands. In May, Louisiana received over six million dollass for drilling rights on 4,075 acres off its coast, or $1,539 per acre. An other tract brought $1,468 per acre. Then it will get "a royalty on any oil that may be produced. The federal government is ob taining hundreds of millions from oil com panies for leases on lands it claims beyond those held by the states. Then it receives a rental of $3 per acre per year plus a sixth of the oil produced under the leaseholds. There is this difference, however: once the petroleum is pumped the supply is perma nently exhausted. Our timber lands will keep on growing trees tot periodic harvest ing indefinitely. Oregon's smaller cities also are on the ' march population-wise. . Thirteen of them will get more state highway and liquor rev enues as a result of a 1955 census showing marked growth in the previous five-year period. Newport with 30 per cent gain, Stayton with 35 per. cent and Canby with 22 per cent are among those in which a new count was conducted recently. In all 13 instances, the growth is a healthy, continuance of a previous trend, in some places at an accel erated rate. In 1950, the nation's center of population was in Richland County, HI. (A hundred years before it was in West Virginia). By I960, at the present rate, it appears the cen ter may be moved west of the Mississippi River for the first time. . Editorial Comment RISING REAL WAGES There is impressive evidence of the continued good health of our economy in the latest data on cost of living and manufacturing workers' earnings published by the Bureau of Labor Sta tistics. Last month the Consumer Price Index was unchanged from the previous month and almost 1 per cent below the corresponding figure a month ago. Take-home pay for the average worker in manufacturing, on the other hand, reached a sew high. Taken together, these two facts indicate a con tinuing and appreciable rise in real wages for . manufacturing workers, an . increase in the amount of goods and services they can buy. In Hay, 1954, a manufacturing worker with no de pendents had an average take-home pay of $58.97 a week. The corresponding figure last month was $62.83, or almost four dollars more. The increase in real wages, of course, has been ' slightly greater because of the decline in the over-all cost of living. This combination of an essentially steady cost of living and rising wages, which has now ruled for the last several years, uuggtsts an economy riding the economic waves smoothly and making good progress forward. Increased productivity of labor in manufac turing is, of course, one of the key phenomena which has made this rise in real wages possible. The tremendous investment in .new equipment of all kinds, the trend to automation of produc tion processes, and the continued high level of ourpnt have all played a part in developing this 'increased productivity from which all of us benefit As we look forward to the period ahead, with its likely increases in wages and in supplemental benefits such as have been won by the automobile workers, productivity will again be the key to our economic fortunes. Without higher productivity, increased labor costs must force prices up, a phenomenon that can lead to inflationary pressure or, at the other extreme, lead to substantial unemployment by reducing effective demand for the. products of our great factories. New York Times. Flag Waving 7Out of Date'; Independence Day Good Time for Taking Stock' of Past ' " By JOSEPH ALSOP WASHINGTON, D. C In the simpler past, July 4 used to be a time for flag-waving, patriotic. oratory and glorious orgies of firecrackers. Nowadays, however, flag waving is out of place. In stead, this In depend ence Day is a good time for taking stock. ; In the opinion of this reporter. anyone who now takes stock of the national situation must first of all write down 1955 as the year when the Eisenhower administra tion found itself, and the Amer ican political process got back on the rails. . . ILwas like discovering a new country, to return to Americana . month or so ago, as this reporter did, after an absence, of six months on the other side of the world. The venom, the suspicion, the hatred that has so long been poisoning American political life, . were purged and gone. The sew ers of our politics were no longer running in the streets.- . . The Congress, after all but abandoning legislation in favor of investigation, had once again be come a legislative .body. Public debate, after remaining for years at the level of a mud slinging ex change of personal accusations, bad once again become reasoned and sober and factual. The whole tone was different. And this vast Change like corning from dark Bess into light, had happened in only six months. Partly, this immensely healthy change ta the tee ef America peDOea has te be attrlbated to , Demeeratk Caagmsiaaal leaders teat m previa their respM jbOIty. Yet the key ngare is sun president lUsenaever. Far the Democrats weald sever be se mack en their geed behavior if they did aot fed a respect al- appraachlag awe far the Presideat's standing before the eeentry. And the Presideat him self was the first to set the aew toae in which the ether, parties to ear political dailogie are at last respeadiag to him. Eisenhower, then, has got what he wanted from the first He now presides over a new and desper ately needed era of good feelings. To this great gain, moreover, another has been added.- As late as last election time, the American economy seemed to be faltering. But now the rec ord is dear. For two years, prices have been held almost per fectly stable. In the same two years, with a minor check or two, productivity has steadily increased. This combination of inflation well - controlled, with prosperity in full boom is an example to, the world. You may think what you please about such matters as the Dixon - Yates con tract, but the over-all economic achievement of the first two Eisenhower years has been 'as important as the restoration of reason and sanity to our political 'life. These two achievements, la tarn have predaeed er perhaps one eeght to say they are pra dacing another melt that may have .the mast far-reaching im portance, when government was an bat iaeapabte ef either thee fat ec actio. Ideas were rigid. Alti tades were rigid. The tacts ef life ta ear time eeald hardly be na eassed with keaesty, mach less respeaded to wifh eearage and deehuon. .' With the political and economic confidence restored, freedom of thought and freedom of action1 have been restored too. The Ad ministration is no longer de barred, by fear of the political r . ' VJV- consequences, from dealing ade quately with all the thronging problems that confront H. t Every problem can now be tackled without prejudice, from the severe domestic problem of adjusting the requirements of in ternal security to the larger re quirements of a free society, all the way to the 1 overmastering world problem of survival in a time when men possess weapons that may destroy the human race on earth. This restoration ef the Ameri- caa government's freedom to think and act, this end of a long paralysis, was the real drama ef the twe recent Senate votes endorsing the President's jour ney to the summit conference and approving a high level ia vestigatian of the prevailing se curity machinery. Only last year, these votes would have been unthinkable. Today they are accepted as mat ters of course. Just because freedom to think and freedom to act have at last been regained, there is of course no certainty that these vital free doms wul be well and wisely used. No chief of the American state, not even- George Washing ton or Abraham Lincoln, has ever been confronted with more com plex, taxing and difficult chal lenges than now confront Presi ' dent Eisenhower. The fate of this nation and the free world plainly depends upon flnding right answers to such question as "What to do about Asia?" and "How to reshape our world strategy in the light of the new H-bomb?- and "What can be made of the new Soviet Line?" Right answers to these and other questions of our times are not easy to find. But at least it is vitally important that the Presi dent now has the power to give answers, which he lacked before. (Copyright 18M. New York Herald Tribune, pne) Russ Comment On Ike's Talk No Surprise' By WILLIAM L. RYAN - AP Foreign News Analyst .. The news that the Moscow press published without comment about 1,200 words ef President Eisen hower's news conference seems to have occasioned a large- measure of surprise in the West Perhaps Western observers are giving the Soviet rulers a little too much credit for open-mindedness. Aside from the obvious fact that the publication of the ' President's views was all part of preparation for the summit Big Four meeting in Geneva this month, there was , little to be lost and something to be gained by the gambit The President was quoted as saying nobody really knows who is the dominating influence in the Soviet government today. This is not news to the Soviet public and nothing new to the Soviet press. It fits in neatly with the boast of the Kremlin that it is ruled by "collective leadership." The Moscow account quoted the President's remark that until the Communist satellite nations had the right to determine of their" own free will their own forms of government, there could be no real peace in the worid. This, also, has been the subject of Soviet press comment, and later, undoubtedly, will be quoted again to the Soviet public as evidence that the United States is determined to interfere in the in ternal affairs of sovereign nations. Moscow has contended all along, of course, that the satellite nations of their own free will did choose the Communist course, that they "threw off the yoke of the ex ploiters," and, in imitation of the Soviet Union, are now engaged in "building socialism." The President's words, therefor; probably will be held up to Moscow's audience later as an hv dication of aggressive American intentions. The Moscow press also quoted the President as noting there had been a change in the Soviet position and this ultimately might react favorably in the interests of world peace. - This does not in any way contra dict Soviet propaganda, which con tends that the U.S.S.R. has been" making all the concessions up to now in the interests of world peace! including concessions on disarmament and the control of atomic weapons. ThuS, there was little or nothing to lose in the decision to. quote the President liberally. The Sov iet press has quoted the Presi dent, former Prime Minister Churchill and other Western states men at length or in full when it suited the Kremlin's peace of fensives. In this instance, at slight cost, the Soviet leaders give one more demonstration that they are in a mood to be reasonable, that makes it easier to shift the blame to the other side in future dead locks. The Moscow press is preparing its readers for events to come. It seems to be building up a case in advance for the Soviet dip lomats, intended to show the people at home that the Kremlin is the party sinned against and the Western diplomats the sinners. LHP PlDGjOGI Continued from page 1) to get around, in their conscience, the significance of this declara tion. It keeps gnawing at us. likewise the claim to "life, lib erty and the pursuit of happiness-has become part of the very substance of the American philosophy of government. Many arguments arise over "liberty," and the phrase "pursuit of happi ness" remains vague. But "life" is still sacred, and "liberty" still precious in the sight of all Amer icans. The Declaration was in essence the product of the time. It is the fruit of 18th century liberalism which had been undermining the old doctrine of the divine right of kings. Of contemporaneous development was the conception of "freedom of contract" in the world of business, whose classic expressions was given in Adam Smith's "Wealth of Nations." In this industrialized age classic liberalism has undergone severe strain. Numerous compromises have been forced which greatly circumscribe "freedom of con tract." Personal liberty has also been greatly curtailed: witness today's traffic laws. These breaches with what have seemed fundamentals in our economic and political philosophy have come hard, and have precipitated the sharp cleavage witnessed in the politics of today. The real problem is how to preserve the essence of human liberty within the disciplines imposed by the prevailing structures in the busi ness world; vast corporate enter prises, monolithic unions. The Declaration of Indepen dence was not an instrument by which a new nation was founded. Its heading is "The Unanimous Declaration of the Thirteen United States of America." If you look at the facsimile of the original document on page '424 of the Oregon Blue Book you will note that the words "of the thirteen united" are in much smaller text, none of them capi talized. And in the closing para graph of the instrument, the declaration is made "in the name and by the authority of the good people of these colonies . . . that, . as free and independent states, they have the power to levy war, conclude peace, contract al liances, establish commerce, and 'to "do all other acts and things which independent states may of right do." In short the 13 colonies became 13 independent states. How the thirteen really became one nation is another story, that of the Constitution which wasn't drawn up until 11 year later. By MURRAY FROMSON SEOUL in The thin line of South . Korea's constabulary was shattered when war exploded on this unhappy Asian peninsula five years ago Sunday. Soldiers with rifles, light artil lery and obsolete anti-tank guns were sent to fight North Koreans armed with heavy tanks and ar tillery supplied by Russia. Only Al lied help saved South Korea. Today five years later South Korea once more carries the main burden of its defense. Most of the U.S. divisions and the U.N. contingents manning the front at the time of the armistice are gone. There is no poorly trained con stabulary now. There is a South Korean army of 20 divisions. trained and armed by the United States. Ten reserve divisions are in the organizing stage. Fourth Largest - Little South Korea now has the world's fourth largest army be hind only those of the United States, Russia and Red China. U. S. advisers call South Korea's army the best in Asia. It is estimated at between 500,- 000 and 600,000 men. Still to come are some naval craft and 75 Amer ican Sabre jets for the South Ko rean air force. These are results of minimum demands set down by President Syngman Rhee to protect South, Korea from another attack from the north a threat neither he nor American officials have dis counted. Seek More Aid South Korea's army chief, of staff. Gen. Chung n Kwon, is seek ing increased U.S. military r.id. He says Communist North Korea has 400,000 of its own troops in addition to Chinese Red forces and "will attack us again at any time they, choose." ! The Red Chinese "volunteers" reportedly have withdrawn up wards of 110.000 men but have left behind a well-trained cadre for a rebuilt North Korean army.' The South Korean high command continually reports Communist in troduction of combat materials and equipment, charges that have been the basis of official protests by the Vsi. Command at Panmun- jom. MIGs Brought Ia , In February, the Allies accused the Communists of illegally bring ing in at least 155 MIG jet air craft to previously empty North Korean airfields. To bolster the South Korean army, which now holds almost the entire 155-mile frontline, the de pleted 8th Army maintains two under-strength infantry divisions in the field. They are the 24th and 7th Divisions which have been in Korea periodically since the penin sula was liberated from the Ja panese 10 years ago. Both were part of the U.S. military govern ment force which was stationed in Korea before the republic was founded in 1948. . At the time of the North Korean attack, the U.S. military repre- Time Flies: From The Statesman Files 10 Years Ago July 4, 1945 Friendly young, Americans serving in far-flung lands cele brated America's independence day with a gusto sparked in many cases by these nations' own newly-won freedom. There were fireworks, dances and pa rades from Berlin to Can berra. Justice Owen J. Roberts for years the supreme court's lead-" ting dissenter and next to the . last member of the tribunal not approinted by Pres.. Roosevelt, retired. Since he served more than 15 years and recently be came 70 years of age, he would receive full pay of $20,000 a year for life. Some relief from the swelter ing temperatures of this week was predicted by the U.S. Weather Bureau at McNary Field. It was recorded as 103 degrees. . 25 Years Ago July 4, 1930 Helen Wills Moody won her fourth successive Wimbledon tennis championship by beating Elizabeth Ryan in the womens finals. Motorcycle and horse races provided thrills at the state fairgrounds and a band concert "and fireworks in evening for thousands of people who cele brated the Fourth of July in Sa lem. Better English By D. C. WILLIAMS 1. What is wrong with this sent ence? "I had rather be safe than sorry." 2. What is the correct pronunci ation of "cliche" (a trite phrase)? 3. Which one of these words is misspelled? Dispair, disparage, dispatch, dissidence. 4. What does the word "sinu ous" mean? 5. What is a word beginning with la that means "to rend, or tear"? ANSWERS 1. It is better to say. "I would rather-, be safe than sorry' 2. ! Pronounce klee-shay, with accent ' on second syllable. 3. Despair. 4. , Bending in and out; of a serpen- tine or wavy form. "The slender : woman walked along the street ! with a sinuous grace." 5. Lacer-' ate. i At Hillsboroan airplane pilot ed by John Harris, Salem, dived into a crowd of picnickers as it attempted to land and over turned without injuring the 1 pilot, passengers or picnic par ticipants. 40 Years Ago i July 4, 1915 More than ten thousand per sons marched or rode in the peace pageant at Toledo, Ohio, the first of its kind ever em ployed in the United States as a means of celebrating Independ ence Day. Civil War veterans had a place in the parade. Nels Downing, of Oklahoma City, rated as one of the best informed men on community building in the United States and a speaker of rare ability delivered an address on "Our Town" at the Chautauqua here. , A native daughter of Oregon, Mrs. T. J. Wilkerson of Pitts-1 burgh, Penn., sister of assistant postmaster John Farrar, arrived 1 in Salem from the east Mrs. Wilkerson spent her girlhood i in Salem, moving east at the! time of her marriage. sentation consisted of an advisory group of about 500 men. It-Nation Army The Korean War resulted in the birth of a 16-nation army, includ- ' tng seven U.S. divisions, a full British Commonwealth division and units of varying sizes from Turkey, Greece, France, Belgium, Thai land, the Philippines, Luxembourg. Colombia, Ethiopia and The Neth erlands. ' " Now only a handful of the U.N. forces remain. Today, the U.S. mil itary advisory group is being dwarfed by the formation of a huge, overall organization which aims to make the South Korean forces "completely self-sufficient for defensive purposes." One of its functions will be to recommend the amount of military aid the South Koreans wul receive each year. Whether the unstable Korean economy, whicn must support 20 million people, can maintain its new army over the long haul is something of major concern to American and U.N. officials. Currency Dispute Rhee and bu government lead ers have not always given what American authorities call whole - hearted cooperation in the aid pro gram. They delayed a 700 million dollar aid program for more than six months last year over a cur-' rency dispute. Then, in effect, they accepted the aid funds under con ditions originally laid down by U. . representatives. Rhee and the South Koreans do not talk as boisterously today about unification with the, north or as bitterly about last year's U.S. troop withdrawal The government, however, remains dedicated to the goal of unification. ' But now there is that old, old dragon Japan. Rhee is making the most of it even to the extent of not honoring a part of last No vember s aid agreement with the United States -which called for more trading with Japan. As an excuse Rhee and other officials contend Japan is leaning closer and closer to the Communist world. Trade SmaH American officials say Japanese South Korean trade has been "neg ligible." Yet this is the very area where the United States hoped to reduce the cost of rehabilitating the Korean economy. Nearly VA billion -dollars have been diverted to South Korea since I the armistice to help rebuild its war-shattered homes and indus try. During the Korean War, more than lVi million persons were either killed or wounded. U.S. casualties approximated 136,000. That war has been at end for near ly two years now but Americans will not be able to forget Korea -for a long time. The bitter conflict an unortho dox one which began without a declaration and ended without a peace has created .one of the most expensive orphans in Amer ica's family .of allies. i The first large suspension bridge built in the United States spanned the Ohio River at Covington, Ky., and was finished in 1881. PAY YOUR . FUEL OIL BILL By the 10th To enable your dealer to con tinue your monthly charge service Solem Fuel Oil Dealers Credit Association , ClteweJ HUDSON HOUSE INC. WANTS TO BUY YOUR CHERRIES Receiving Station No. 1 to be at JENKS & WHITE SEED PLANT 250 MURLARK AVE., WEST SALEM, ORE. 1 block east of Blue Lake Packers. Receiving Station No. 2 Adolph Hilderbrand- Rt 1 Box 443 Dallas, Oregon. For further information call Adolph Hilderbrand, Dallas, Oregon; Phone MA 3-3022. In the great meteoric shower of Nov. 13, 1833, observed in eastern North America, it was estimated that 200,000 shooting stars were observed from one place between midnight and dawn. OrtJa0n3dtutf sain Fhoo 4-cail Subscription Rates By earrltr ta ctuess Daily and Sunday 1.49 par ma. Dally only 1.25 per mo Sunday only JO. week By null. Sunday nlyi ; (ia advance) Aaywhara in U. S. S -BO per mo. S.75 tlx mo. 1.00 rear By aaall. Dally and Sunday! 1 (In advance) ta Oragoa f 1.10 per mo. 1.30 tlx mo 10.50 year In O. B. eut-de Orafoa 1.45 par mo. Aaatt Bami oi CI resist! Boreas or AdvcrtMitc A.NPA Orcfra Htm .paper Pnbttshera nt-ctan Advtl.tt Beprcatdvl Ward-Grlfmn Co., West BoUlday Caw ' Hew tort CMeas Ban rr-neleee Detract I a""- m ,tuL JV1 jmpumim, ,m n mi in i i n i , i mi i n jrir in - -r I i,i-ijHMi,ni.-wwiMiiMW' iMHWiM-rai"to!e-gjP.'-w.iii-a t m 1 .,'- ,. tr ' If Manager '7'' JL , ' rTjQJ . fLUJ If - Charles W. L..rr- - - - -r re tfJJUJ ITVl 1 i . J&ZZVX h s " r rz -.5 - "- -- ---.- - i h . I ;; . j ! , , r . H ' . Centrally located in downtown Salem, the W. T. RIODON CO. MORTUARY offers ample parking space and convenient access to Salem's cemeteries. Throughout the years, every effort is made to keep facilities . modern . . . to better servo Salem. PHONE 3-3173- , SiiujimiL.iBu iiiiiiii 1)1111. ,iiiji.jiiiii..ui,.jii' '.'jpmiii-.i'-.ii uM.iiiniiiHyiiiuji.-niui.ini.ijiii.jiiiiiHiiim .iji.jiiuhuh .iinuniiiunmii '.py.w,..nj-ni imn.f i ,iiimni.i.iiuy.nij,iii. i.ju.jiim-ir