4-Sec sy-Gsxessari, tzUm, Or Monday, Juno 13, 1955
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tjffl'lE WISIL " TTlHinS WEEK
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Russians Likely to Selc Ties Mith
Ford Contract May
Bring New Inflation
By J. 31. ROBERTS
Afodated Pre$s Netcs Analytt
THE Ford Motor Co. agreed this week to continue
partial wage payments to workers during periods of
layoffs, and- a shudder went through large sections of
American industry.
It wasn't the guaranteed annual wage which Walter
Reuther's . United Automobile Workers Union is demand-
in; for the long run, but Reuther
Friendly Farewell Handshake ... and Target No. 2
hailed it as a first and important
si:p in that direction, and no
body denied it.
The possible impact on other
industries and on the general
economy stemmed ffom two di
rections Many companies feared
AI ... 1 J
IBCy WUU1U merr-nr--
'lust have to f
go out of busi
ness, or else
resort to
wholesale fir
ings in the
face of any
business
slump, if the
principles, in
volved in the
Ford ease
came to be
applied gen
erally.
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lfcrts
Business as a whole feared the
Inflationary impact of new con
tracts in Hhe automobile busi
pess which, if they followed the
Ford pattern, would represent
an increase of 10 per cent in la
bor costs and, passed on to con
sumers, might produce new
price spirals which were brought
under control less than two
years ago.
Greater Battle Expected
The precedents established by
the Ford agreement were so
great that the UAW, moving di
rectly to negotiations with Gen
eral Motors, voluntarily gave
the great combine a five-day
contract extension in order to
regain its breath.
Observers had expected more
of a battle at Ford. The com
pany had met the expected
guaranteed wage demand with a
compromise package of its own
including an offer to let em
ployes buy stock, none of which
has been held outside the Ford
family and the foundations es
tablished by then since the
company's, earliest days. But
statisticians on both sides had
done their homework, and the
compromise between the com
pany's job security plan and the
union's guaranteed wage de
mands came in less than a week.
Shivering on the outskirts of
the battlefield were Chrysler
and other independent automo
bile manufacturers. Chrysler,
big enough to be called one of
the Big Three, but just emerg
ing from serious difficulties and
in no condition to compete with
increased expenditures,, won
dered if Reuther would consider
its economic position or would
try to drive the corporation into
meeting the Ford terms.
Steel Industry Next
Also strongly affected were
the big steel companies, which
began negotiations with their
powerful unions this week. They
had to consider only wages this
year, but in facing demands for;
industrial dynamism, within
which workers earn more and
more for producing more and
more in less time with the aid
of constantly improved ma
chines, and so can buy more and
more of each other's products.
The effect of payment for non
production is. however, some
thing different
Unemployment Down
- All the negotiations this year
are taking place against a back'
ground of record-breaking pros
perity. The Ford negotiations
hardly were over when the gov
eminent announced that more
workers had reached greater
peaks of production in May
than in any other month in his
tory. Unemployment was 1.3 per
cent less than the year before,
and the average worker had
been on the job a half hour
longer each week. Sixty thou
sand more people worked in
May than in April, the largest
May increase in five years. The
government also reported infla
tion, which hampered previous
upswings, was being held firmly
in check
There was no question that
business was feeling its juices.
But it was labor which was rid
ing hell-for-leather toward goals
about which it hardly even!
dreamed just a few years ago.
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Wooing of Nehru
Is the First Step
By TOM WHITNEY i
Aitociated PretB foreign Staff Writer j
MUCH of the commentary in the West has depicted the
results xof the Soviet-Yugoslav talks as a Yugoslav
victory over the Russians.
This overlooks some of its probable implications ana
results.
The Soviet delegation went to Belgrade with both
maximum and minimum goals.
. u.--A--vCv.V K I ft- . -
MARSHXl TITO sot this handshokt from Nikho Khrushchev (left) as Soviet Premier Nicolai
Bulganln (center) looks on at end of recent Soviet-Yugoslav talks in Belgrade. Was this stago-
' sotting for Indian Prime Minister's visit? .
NEHRU is now being given ex
traordinary reception during
tour of Russia.
Its maximum aim, as was clear,
was to woo Tito back into the
Soviet bloc immediately. In this
Nikita Khrushchev, Soviet Com
munist party boss, failed.
Tito kept his independence
gets in the world for Soviet
blandishments.
The events in Belgrade were
not unrelated to the Nehru visit.
The : chief obstacle- to better
relations in the past between the
and made mighty clear he plans Moscow-type Socialists and dem
to keep it
the. future
in
the. future as
well. Any il-
lusions the f 1
I
SMOKING: More Evidence It's Harmful
Quote
Secretary of State Dalles,
in cautioning Americans
about the conference with
Russia the Western foreign
ministers hope to hold July
Iff at Geneva: "We shall
need for some time yet to
live as a nation that is in
peril. That is the only pru
dent course to follow."
Sidelights
The Brooklin, Maine, High
School Class of '35 won't have
any trouble down through the
years staging reunions. The sole
graduating senior was Betty A.
Pervear, 17, the only member
of her class at the tiny school
for- four years. At . full-scale
commencement exercises, she
delivered the class oration, intro
duced the commencement speak
er, and was guest of honor at the
graduation ball.
Playing manager Val Ander
son proudly obliged when a
small boy asked for his auto
graph before the Grafton, N. D
baseball team started a game,
After going down swinging
twice, the boy intercepted him
on his way back to the dugout
"Got an eraser?1 he asked.
increases they were well aware, Librarian Theodore Epstein
that whatever they do now will
be the basic price when they
start meeting demands, for com
" pound interest next year.
The cries raised over the Ford
- capitulation sounded very much
like those heard in 1914, when
Ford adhounced its $5-a-day
policy. Henry Ford was called a
-traitor to his class" and his pol
icy "economic suicide." It was
better than a 100 per cent in
crease. And it turned out to be
one of the anchors of American
thought he had a good way to
get back a few books for the
Rider College Library at Tren
ton, N. J. He announced a con
test to find the book longest
overdue. The "winner" would
receive money equal to the
amount of fine normally due.
Happily flooded by books long
charged off as losses, Epstein
awarded the original cost
to a fraternity house which
returned a book taken out 12
years ago.
Second Chapter
The American Cancer Society
added another chapter this week
to its research on the relation
between cigarette smoking and
lung cancer.
It was the cancer society's
first report a year ago which
opened the floodgates on an in
tense national debate on cig
arette smoking, a controversy
which 12 months later has quiet
ed down to mere whispers.
' Survey Continuing
Last year's report was the
first on results of a continuing
survey which includes nearly
Religion
Medical Missionaries!
Medicine is a brother-in-arms
of Christian missions around the
world. i
In the overseas service of ev
ery major church is a far-flung
company of trained physicians.
They run a L heart-touching
practice, tending the bodily
needs of peoples, who often nev
er visited a doctor before.
This weekend, and continuing
through Monday, about 75 of
these missionary doctors and
nurses are meeting in Atlantic
City,N.J."
Home on furlough from their
mission posts aboard, they're ex
changing ideas on ways of im
proving and extending their
work.
These medical specialists, who
work side-by-side with the min
isters to spiritual needs, repre
sent 50 American Protestant
mission boards and church
groups.
These groups maintain 800 hos
pitals, 2,000 dispensaries, four
medical training schools, 15 tu
berculosis sanitaria and 150
schools of nursing in foreign
missions fields, j
Besides this, ) many medical
missionaries serve at lonely out
posts, or one-man clinics set up
in isolated or primitive regions.
Commented one doctor serv
ing in the Anglo-Egyptian Su
dan: "My patients arrived be
fore I had a place to treat them.
so I set up my first clinic under
a huge tamarind tree and have
been busy ever since."
Most work for small salaries,
a fraction of what a medical
practice at home would bring
them. Some volunteer a year of
service without compensation.
The conference is being spon
sored by the National Council
of Churches, i
190,000 men, all interviewed onflive in big city or rural areas,
their smoking habits three years! the rate is high among smokers
ago. Nearly 5,000 deaths had oc- and low among non-smokers.
curred in the group at the time pjpe smoking "appears to be
of the 1954. report and ; it was j associated with lung cancer", but
tne comparison oi uieir smosong f ar ieSs than cigarettes.
habits and cause of death which) The lung cancer defth rate
famished the basis for the orig-! among a group of ex-smokers
inaj, nnaings.
Drs. R. Cuyler Hammond and
Daniel Horn, guiding lights of
the cancer society's statistical
research, reported that this year
their, base has been expanded to
more than 8,000 deaths; The
additional information. Said the
investigators, has confirmed last
year's indication that cigarettes
are damaging to health.; :
The Storecard j
Highlights of additional con
clusions: ' j ;
Lung cancer is rare among
men -who have never smoked.
The death rate from lung can
cer increases with the amount
of cigarettes smoked. The rate
is appreciable even among men
who smoke less than ' 10 cig
arettes daily.
Aegarcuess oi wnetner men
Saturday, June IS !
SEATO military planners'
meeting, Bangkok, Thailand.
Sunday, June 19 i
Fathers Day.
was only half that of smokers.
Quitting Helps
For ex-smokers those who at
the start of the study three years
ago said they had quit smoking
the death rate from lung can
cer was 14 times as high as
among non-smokers. But this
was only half the rate among
men who had kept on smoking
even less than a pack a day.
Criticizing the statistics, Timo
thy V. Hartnett, chairman of
the Tobacco Industry Research
Committee, said the ACS study i"Qne of the Boys"
"Jiup tint r-lVlir"l n if nnnp.l
and effect relationship." "Statis
tical experts point out," he as
serted, "that this study ignores
important environmental, geo
graphical, occupational, physical
and emotional factors that affect
I disease and longevity."
Dates
Wednesday, June 15 j
Start of nationwide atom
ic attack Civil Defense ex
ercise, i
Thursday, June 16 j
Western Big Three for
eign ministers meet at New
York to plan for coming
Big Four conference with
Russia. ' j
ocratic Socialists in the West
has always been Moscow's own
intolerance ojt other types of so
cialism. Stalin became the sym-
Russian lead- I 0018110 a priest oi uus mwi-
ership may fVi Z7' erance. lie sponsored we view
have had on ?f tb at non-Moscow type Socialists
thii were Wrl- t were lower on tne Marxist scaie
probably dis- X "agnates Wall Street"
pelled. jr " rjt j : Obstacle Removed
But the So- I ft I Stalin's intolerance ! of any-
viet minimum I (ft 1 thing in the Socialist domain
goal is some- I if if I wmch he himself did not per-
thing else wfcitnav sonally dominate and control
again. By go- ended in the discovery of the
mg to ueigraae tne rcniuii..crime of "Tjtoism." Stalin's
chieftains planned: (1) to estab- hejrs nave manifested a clear
lish a framework for eventual j desire to ally themselves with
rapprochement between the So-non.Moscow.dominated social-
viet bloc and Yugoslavia, anaiisU everywhere. But "Titoism
BUSINESS: Income Climbs
(2) to create an atmosphere fa
vorable to further steps in woo-
in: Europe's socialists and neu
trals. Into this general category
falls the Kremlin s invitation to
West German Chancellor Kon
iad Adenauer to visit Moscow.
That the- U.S. State Department
is fully cognizant that the Krem
lin might still have tricks up its
sleeve can be seen in Secretary
of State Dulles' comment that
Russia may now be willing to
loosen the reins somewhat on its
eastern European satellites.
Nehru in Russia
This week Indian Prime Min
ister Nehru arrived in Moscow
for a visit The Russians had
A distinguished member of , carefully prepared for his jour-
the Classic! '15 returned to thef- ff ? d
campus of the United States! d Jt
Military Academy this week.
People
Record Rate I ,
Government figures show that
you ve been earning money at
a record rate this spring if
your income is in line with the
national pattern. !
The U.S. Commerce I Depart
ment says "personal income"
during April was at its highest
level in history. This is the in
come Americans received from
wages, salaries, business part
nerships, stock dividends, rent-
tals and the like. In April it
reached a record annual rate of
$295,600,000,000.
That's one billion more than
the annual rate for March. It's
11 billion dollars, or 4 per cent,
higher than in April 1954, when
business was at the bottom of a
mild recession. I
Personal income ' declined
throughout the 1953-54 slump.
began climbing again last No
vember. It's been rising ever
since. Higher factory payrolls
have accounted for most of the
increase. Wages and! salaries
paid by private industry during
April were at an annual rate of
$202,200,000.000 up $7,900,000,
000 from a year ago.
Income from rentals; partner
ships and proprietorships av
eraged 50 million dollars a year
during April against ( $48,200,
294
Personal
Income
(IN 1 1 LUCKS OF DOLLARS)
!X
9
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yXSDfC S4KS AHJIMAU6 OCTDtCSSftf 4PK
During' three action-packed
days, President Eisenhower
watched j spit-and-polish 1 cadet
parades, ! relaxed with fellow
alumni, and delivered the com
mencement: address as j West
Point graduated the 1955 class
of 469 cadets.
At a luncheon early in the
presidential visit Eisenhower
turned down a place at the head
table to sit with Gen. Omar N.
Bradley and other members of
his class of 40 years ago. He was
introduced and got a big ova
tion as j the man who wanted
to be "just one of the boys."
In his commencement speech,
the President counseled that the
free world should look upon the
approaching Big Four meeting
as "only a beginning" of a peace
effort that may take a genera
tion to come to fruition.
He warned against "fatuous
expectations" that a world sick
with ignorance, fears and hates
can be miraculously cured bvi
a single meeting."
Eisenhower stood almost an
hour handing out diplomas to
lishing one of Nehru's books
with a foreword by the Indian
leader himself.
The Kremlin was wooing
Nehru and India.
, Nehru
still stood m the way of such a
policy. Therefore "Titoism" had
to be expunged from the books
a a crime, and in a 'dramatic
way:
This was done in Belgrade.
Khrushchev publicly confessed
to the error of the Spviet gov
ernment something rarely done.
Thus Belgrade becomes just
thu springboard in a sweeping
Kremlin strategy.
The plan is to attempt to
achieve alliances with all So
cialists everywhere. That is the
way things look. Democratic So
cialists are the mosf important
political force in Western Eu
rope f and they are : important
also in Asia. j
But the concept goes even
further than this.
The Russians are also going to
woo non-Socialists: the Greeks,
the Turks, the Afghans, the
Arabs, etc. j.
Belgrade .served the purpose
in this scheme of being a show.
is a Socialist Though!"? ' now.
he is not a Soviet-type Socialist JTJ iriencomess - ano
or Communist, his belief in So-! even for ose who a
jcialist Ideas gives him a good snori . lune 8 wer worsi
deal of grounds for a natural ienenues
sympathy to many aspects of the
Soviet system.
Nehru is a neutralist He be-
Snbtle Victory.
To depict Belgrade as a "de
feat" for Khrushchev is to miss
lieves in keeping India out of, these points entirely. But even
the big power blocs. This means'concerning the first goal of
that he declines to join in Amer-i achieving a closer relationship
lean - sponsored arrangements 'with Yugoslavia the Soviet-
aimed at establishing a joint de
fense for the non-Communist
world against the threat of Com
munist . aggression. Nehru has
repeatedly shown suspicion of
the United States. This also fur
nishes grounds for some sympa
thy with the Russians.
Nehru in addition is a leader
of Asians. .
All these things make Nehru
one of the most important tar-
Court
000,000 a year ago; income from
dividends and interest was at an
annual rate of 25 million, vs. 24
million in April 1954. Money paid
out in the form of social security
and veterans' benefits also showed
a marked increase from $15,-
900,000,000 annually in April last
year to $16,900,000,000.
Best news for many Ameri
cans was the fact that "take
home" pay also hit a record high
they had more money left
after paying taxes.
each saluted he smilingly handed,5howdown Avoided
over the diploma and often ac- Is the use of "secret inform-
companied it with a pat on the.ers" to police the ranks of fed
back
The cadets appeared before
the President in the order in
which they ranked, scholastical-
ly. First was First Cadet Capt
Le Donne Olvey of Hinesville,
Ga., one of the few men in cadet
history to be both honor man
and cadet commander. Gen.
Douglas MacArthur was one of
the others.
Uumd, rkihHIpkk itrnhf Winn
WH1U AGITATORS RANT
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IN CASI THE DECK U STACKED U
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yrm we &
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eral employes contrary to the
Constitution?
Yugoslav talks accomplished
more than seems to be general
ly realized in the West
A careful reading of the com
munique issued as the" confer
ences ended indicates the con
ferees laid a foundation for -broad
cooperation between the
two Communist countries on
more than the foreign affairs
front
It looks very much as if re
integration of Yugoslavia into
the general political and eco
nomic framework of Eastern
Europe is going to proceed rap
idly. Yugoslav authorities dur
ing, the Belgrade talks have
managed to keep uppermost the
iaea that Yugoslavia is retain
ing her independence. There is
The Supreme Court had. a'"", 7k7 S.u i,
chance to go into the question
rtoth, Stars City Jwraef
IT WOULD BE A LONG WAY TO FALL
this week, but the majority -of
justices : elected to postpone a
showdown.
The case before the high court
concerned the firing of Dr. John
P. Peters, senior professor of
medicine at Yale University, as
an occasional consultant to the
U.S. Public Health Service in
May of 1953. The firing was car
ried out under the old Truman
administration loyalty program.
During various loyalty board
hearings, Dr. Peters swore he
had never been a Communist
He was twice cleared by lower
boards but ht after the Loyalty
Review Board reopened the case
on its own initiative.
The 7-2 decision in favor of
Dr. Peters held that the review
board exceeded its authority in
reopening the Peters case. It
thereby wiped out a finding of
"reasonable doubt" as to his
loyalty.
Justices Black and Douglas
voted with the majority but
said in separate opinions that
they favored passing upon the
constitutional question. Douglas
spoke bitterly against using
"faceless Informers" in security
cases contending this violates
the Constitution. '
Justices Reed and Burton, in
a dissent, upheld the Peters' dis-
KmksaL!
Chief Justice Warren noted
that the court long has "declined
to anticipate a question of con
stitutional law in advance of the
j necessity of deciding it
sians have now put the Yugo
slavs in a position in which
there will be rather rare causa
for any assertion of that independence.
In Short
Declared: By the United States
Public Health Service, that a safe
Salk polio vaccine is being made
now which this season "will pre
vent a high percentage of para
lytic polio cases." ;
Adopted: By the Senate, a hous
ing bill authorizing the construc
tion of a minimum of 50,000 pub
lic housing units a year.
Denied: By a House appropri
ations subcommittee. President
Eisenhower's request for 6 mil
lion dollars to build transmission
lines connecting the Dixon-Yates
power project to the TV A.
Announced: By Douglas Air
craft, that it expects to fly a 500
m.p.h. all-jet passenger transport
by 1959. i
Reported: A new Communist
campaign against "counter-revolutionaries,"
said to be sweep
ing Red China from Kwantung
province in the south to Inner
Mongolia in the north.
Won: By Italian Premier
Mario Scelba's pro-Western gov
ernment, a wide victory in re
gional elections on the island of
Sicily. It was the first big test
of Scelba popularity Since the
national election two years ago.
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