Statesman, Salem, Ore., Friday, April 22, I935-Se. 2)-7
New Trans-Atlantic Cable This Sunimer to Help Cte
j By DAVE MASoa
LONIJON un One day this
summer a trim ship flying a Bri
tish blue ensign will lift anchor
and steam actoss the bleak North
Atlantic, slowly . paying out" the
world's longest underwater phone
line. - , , ,
By the time the shiny black
cable is well settled in the muck
of the ocean bottom probably
around Christmas, 16 someone
in Poughkeepsie, NX. or Pepper
wood, Calif., can ring "up Pancke
hill, England, .and have a chat,
with the words . coming through
clearly and distinctly.
Transatlantic phone calls have
been possible for years, but only
over jammed and erratic radio
circuits. Conversations often are
punctuated by static and some
times voices fade away.
entire project will come to 35 mil
lion. - . -
The project is international, with
UJS. and Canadian firms and the
British General Post Office, which
handles everything from TV and
radio licenses to cable service
besides mail taking part.
The American Telephone and
Telegraph Co. will foot half the
cost The rest will be split by Ca
nadian companies and Britain.
The cable itself is being turned
out here now in a new Subma
rine Cables Ltd. factory especially
built for the job. When it is fin
ished it will be laid by her ma
jesty's telegraph ship Monarch, the
largest cable ship in the world.
The cable will lie along the hun
dreds of mi'es of ocean bottom like
a gargantuan bull whip, but many
times stronger.
Into- it will go 2,700 tons of cop
per, 1,400 tons of polythene (a plas
tic material used for insulation),
11,000 tons of steel wire, 1,800 tons
of jute yarn and 2,400,000 yards of
cotton cloth.
A vital accessory to the cable is
the repeater, or amplifier, which
will pick up conversations and give
them a boost on their course along
the hundreds of miles of sea bot
tom. The repeaters, made on an Amer
ican design, will be inserted under
the cable armor at intervals of
about 42 miles. They will form a
bulge about three inches in dia
meter, giving the cable the ap
pearance of an ostrich neck with
an orange going down.
When the line is Finished and
tested, enough will be loaded onto
the H.M.T.S. Monarch to span the
Easy to Hear
An Atlantic cable call should
be as easy to hear as one from
'across town. .'
When the new cable is opened
for service 35 different calls can
be funneled at once into one end
and come out the other without be
coming jumbled. For good mea
sure, 19 telegraphic messages can
flow simultaneously through the
cable.
Technical know-how "gained from
the new cable will bring closer the
day when U.S. television viewers
will receive clear live telecasts
irom overseas. j
The new cable, which actually'
will be in two parallel send-and-receive
sections, will be 2,250 miles
long, or roughly, the distance be
tween Washington, D.C.. and Los
Angeles. It will be laid in water
as deep as two and a half miles.
A call over the new line will
cost no more than one over. the old
radio circuits. The price from New
York will be $12 for three minutes
in the daytime, S9 nights and Sun
days. . "
Cost $35 Million
The cable itself will cost about
$2,800 a mile and the bill for the
Flying to Formosa
I It "i"
11 7
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X A.
X
A
WASHINGTON Adm. Arthur Radford, left, and Assistant Secre
tary of. State Walter Robertsoa talk at National Airport just
before taking off for Formosa oo. a suddenly ordered trip which
the defense department said is' related to the "tense situation
which continues in the area." Radford is chairman of the Joint
chiefs of staff. (AP Wirephoto).
entire 2,250-mfle stretch of ocean
bottom between the Eastern term
inal point at Oban, Scotland, west
ward to Clarenville, Newfoundland.
Connecting lines
From Clarenville, there wul be
land wires to Terenceville, connect
ing to a 300-mile underwater line
to Sydney Mines on Cape Breton
Island. A 330-mile static free micro
wave radio relay will link the
cable to the VS. telephone system.
The first section of cable will
be laid this summer from west to
east, and the other next summer.
It will be ' threaded through a
hatch, over giant guides and
around a braking device to control
the pay-out by electrically-operated
gear. Finally, it will be draped
over pulley-like sheaves at the
stern of the vessel, then let into
the water.
The Monarch will travel about
6 knots 7 miles an hour) or half
its top speed as the hundreds of
miles of cable snake over its stern,
night and day.
. Precise navigation is essential
so that when future repairs are
needed the cable can be quickly
located. This shouldn't be a con
cern for at least 20 years, cable
engineers say.
Every Pebble'
"We have to know every pebble
we're passing over," said one of
the Monarch's officers. ?
The Monarch is captainedby J.
P. Betson, stern-faced and taci
turn veteran of the cable laying
business. In the continuing need
for pinpoint navigation on a cable
laying run, Betson often takes di
rect responsibility.
"After everybody on the bridge
has taken a fix," said a crew mem
ber, "Capt. Betson takes his own,
shooting the sun, the moon, the
stars anything."
A big fear of a cable crew is a
storm a storm which could put
a heavy strain on the cable and
possibly snap it in mid-ocean.
Should this happen, a grappling
device is lowered to the ocean
floor and the ship begins an often
tedious series of run irmu th
cable's path until the loose end is
snagged and brought on deck.
But an experienced cable crew
cap beat a storm break by a deft
trick: The cable is simply cut on
deck, attached to a long line and
lowered to the sea bed where it is
anchored. v
A big colorful buoy is tied to the
free end of the line and tossed into
the boiling seas. The cable ship
heaves to until the storm dies
down, then brings in the buoy and
the cable and resumes the job.,
Cable laying today differs very
little basically from methods of
nearly a century ago when the
storied British ship Great East
ernmammoth white elephant of
the waves strung the first truly
successful transatlantic , telegraph
connection from Valentia, Ireland,
to fleart's Content, Newfoundland.
The first attempt to lay the
cable- failed when it snapped in
mid-ocean. 'The next year. 1866.
The Great Eastern sailed triumph
antly westward with another sec
tion of cable and this time the
link was completed.
Queen Victoria sent greetings to
President , Andrew Johnson ovcjr
the marvel of the age. ,
Since then, dozens of telegraph
cables have laced Britain and th
continent with ; America and thf
dream of a telephone cable slowly
began to materialize.
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