Statesman, Salem, Oft, Thurs., April' 15, 1955 (See. Z)-3:
Cleavages
'
postwar Jtzeaajustm
'
in,
not arise. At that time, U.S. farm
ers were less interested in sugar,
production because the big post
war demand for other food gave
them better opportunities. But now
that markets are slipping, some
producers want to go heavier into
sugar. :
- v.,j, . ... - . W
i
By OVID A. MARTIN
Associated Press Farm Reporter
WASHINGTON un The cur
rent period of painful adjustment
from lush, war-generated markets
to modest peace time demands
finds American agriculture a fam
ily divided into many- conflicting
groups. .
Unlike many past periods of fall
ing prices, shrinking markets, de
clining incomes and mounting sur
pluses, agriculture as an impor
tant industry is far from united
on programs to combat its trou
bles. It is not now possible to point
as was the case many times
during the New Deal farm pro
grams of the early thirties to
a "powerful farm bloc" in Wash-,
ington 1 driving through legislation
and federal government policies ;
aimed at channeling a larger share
of the national income into farm
ers pockets. I
The term "farm bloc" is applied j
here to a loosely designated group
of private farm organizations, farm
itate congressmen and others
drawn together by a common in
terest in the affairs of agriculture
rather than by any form of organi
zation or other formal tieup.
Many features of present federal
farm programs ; can be traced to
efforts of these groups. Among
. them are price supports, crop con
trol, crop insurance, more liberal
farm loans, rural electrification,
soil conservation, and broadly ex
panded farm research activities.
Feuding Groups
But today agriculture's leaders
in Washington are badly split into
many feuding groups.
The bitterest division Involves
the Issue of price supports. Some
want full 100 per cent parity price i
floors. Others want a return of the
war-born 90 per cent of parity sup
ports for major crops. .
Still others want to stick by the
system of flexible supports 75
to 90 per cent of parity for the
long pull. And there are still others
who, believe in even lower levels.
Farm leaders are at odds on
whether or not there should be i
government-enforced crop control C 1 TV Pn. rf
There is some feeling of anti
pathy between dairy farmers, on
the one hand, and growers of live
stock feeds on the other. Dairy
men feel that thej have got the
worse of it in the way of govern
ment price supports and that the
feed grain forces have not helped
Angler Has Quite a Catch
as much as they should have
moves to change the-situation.
; These conflicts over farm poli
cies are not limited to congress
men from agricultural states. They
exist among the major farm or
ganizations, such as the American
Farm Bureau Federation, the Na
tional Grange., the National Farm
ers Union, and the National Coun
cil of Farmer Cooperatives.
Not so many years ago, officials
of these organizations made it a
fairly regular practice to get to
gether to discuss their problems
and to setek comjnon approaches.
Of course, it was not always possi
ble for them to cofme to a common
accord. Often they did not. But
nevertheless, there was a feeling
of kinship among them.
But now these organizations go
their separate ways. Some attack
their fellow organizations more
sharply than they do "enemies of
the farmer."
Indeed, there is a much closer
relationship between the Farmers
Union and organized labor's big
CIO than there is between the
Farmers Union and the American
Farm Bureau.
It was the Farmers Union that
helped lead the CIO and the AFL
into appearing before the House
Agriculture Committee recently to
endorse high, rigid farm price sup
ports espoused by the Farmers Un
ion. ' - '
XHaiming more members than
the Grange and the Farmers Un
ion combined, the American Farm
Bureau shows no interest in join
ing hands with the other organiza
tions. These cleavages in farm leader
ship run across political lines as
well. Both Democrats and Repub
licans are, divided oh the issue of
high versus flexible price supports.
High support Democrats are led
by House Speaker Ray burn of
Texas, Chairman Cooley, North
Carolina, of the House Agriculture
Committee, and former Secretary
of Agriculture Charles F. Bran-
nan. 1
Flexible sapport Democrats look
to Senators Anderson of New Mex
ico and Holland of Florida for
leadership, v
Division ia COP ;
President Eisenhower. Secretary
of Agriculture Benson and Sen.
Aiken of Vermont pace Republi
cans favoring' flexible supports,
while Rep. Hope of Kansas, and
Senators Young of South Dakota
and Thye of Minnesota lead GOP
farm state leaders favoring high
supports. (
These divergent views on agri
culture offer a ready answer to
the question: Is there any chance
of the major farm organizations
merging as appears certain in the
case of labor's, CIO and AFL.
In a recent issue of its monthly
magazine, the National Grange
discussed the matter of a merger
and concluded that one was "'cur
rently practically impossible. It
raised the question of whether a
merger was desirable.
"Strictly in the field of group
force," .the magazine said, "such
a move might increase the organ
ized strength of farmers."
The magazine said a major dis
advantage would be the ultimate
crushing of viewpoints of minority
groups, areas and regions in favor
of a "total policy" which, it said.
might not always be the right pol
icy. "Labor Monopoly"
It went on to say that the con
templated labor union merger
threatened to create a "labor
monopoly" which might require
handling under antitrust laws. '
It is not meant here to imply
that the farm organizations or
leaders disagree on all issues.
There has been unity on the issue
of extending the Teciprocal trade
agreements act and unity on fight-1
ing universal mihtary training
Nevertheless the field of coop
eration is small on matters di
rectly relating to agriculture's own
economic problems.
This raises a question for the
future: Will the voice of agricul
ture long a dominant - one in
public affairs grow weaker and
weaker and finally give way to
its two major competitors in the
economic setup, business and la
bor? -- -.
Already reduced to 15 per cent
of the nation's population, will the
farm influence cease to be a factor
to be -reckoned with in future con
gests over political regimes and
legislation? : .
FREE ESTIMATES
On Floor Coverinp
NORRIS-WALKER
PAINT COMPANY
1710 Front .Phone 4-22 J
a4
PEABODY, Mass. Donald Jolly, 13, nigh school freshman looks at
some of the approximately S 1,000 in cash he hooked while fishing
in the Ipswich river. The money, weighted with a tire chain, it
spread on table in police headquarters to dry. (AP Wirephoto)
Recovered Loot
programs.' "
They are divided, too, on the
question of whether the govern
ment should engage in dumping
abroad of the present record break
ing surplus tf farm products.
There are intra-industry squab
bles over what, if anything, the
government should do to help low
income farmers.
Cleavages Drawa
Deep cleavages have been drawn
by controversies over manage
ment of soil conservation activi
ties and farmer education through
the Extension Service, farm groups
are no longer united on the ques
tion of government assistance in
expanding rural electric and tele
phone systems.
Contracting markets have con
tributed to the arousing of regional
and commodity jealousies and dif
ferences. Charges are being hurled
that some commodities are trying
to "get other people's markets."
A" case in point are legislative
proposals which would put wheat
in a position where it could com
pete against corn, oats and barley
for the livestock feed grain mar
- ket: -
Then there is the still bitter
struggle between butter and mar
garine for the housewife's favor.
A recent development in Con
gress has aroused enmity between
those interested in cotton and
wheat. -Cotton state lawmakers
sought to win approval of a bill
that would have increased plant
. ing allotments for that crop to take
care of so-called "hardship" cases
under a rigid control program.
Allotmeat Increase
But this measure went to defeat
when wheat state lawmakers at
tached an amendment that would
have boosted allotments for wheat.
There are indications that sugar
may irritate old wounds and cause
new ones in agriculture's leader
ihip. v 71 Congress must decide either this
session or next on new sugar con
trol legislation to supplant an ex
isting law designed to stabilize
prices and supplies.
Domestic producers of sugar
beets and cane want a larger share
of the U.S. market than is now
alloted them. Any increase to them
.would be at the expense of Cuba
and other foreign producers.
v But some U,S. farming congress
men say they will fight any do
mestic increase because it would
reduce Cuba's financial ability to
- Buy American cotton,
lard, dairy products
farm items."-
In 1948, the last time sugar leg
islation came up, this issue did
Brink's Robbery
PEABODY. Mass. W) The FBI
and police Tuesday night discount
ed the possibility that nearly $1,
000 pulled from Ipswich River by
a young fisherman was part of the
loot "of the $1,219,000 Brink's rob
bery or the $631,000 Danvers ar
mored car robbery.
Investigators said the, serial num
bers of the bills did not match
any of those stolen in the fabu
lous Brink's money transportation
firm robbery of 1930 or the Dan
vers robbery of 1952.
The money, bound in wire and
enmeshed in automobile tire
chains, was pulled from the stream
when the young fisherman noted
a pink line tied to the bottom of
a bridge.
Editors Ask
Federal Curb
On News End
WASHINGTON (UP)- A group
of newspaper editors' Wednesday
challenged recent White House and
Pentagon orders restricting release
of government information on se
curity grounds.
The challenge was made in a
report by the American Society of
Newspaper Editors' . Freedom of
Information Committee to the or
ganization's Board of Directors
Committee Chairman J. Russell
Wiggins, managing editor of the
Washington Post and Times-Herald
referred particularly to a directive
by Defense Secretary Charles E.
Wilson which has slowed news
from the Pentagon and to a state
ment by White House Press Secre-!
tary James C. Hagerty on behalf
Of President Eisenhower. I
The Wilson directive put a tight;
reign on release of all military in-;
formation. Hagerty said . a few .
days later that Mr. Eisenhower
feels there has been too much re
lease of technical information
which could be pf value to a po
tential enemy.
The Wiggins committee said one
of the most disquieting develop-
1a iTu.I I freedom has been "the recent oblit-
McKenzie White
Water Parade Set
EUGENE Of) The annual white
water parade down the swift
McKenzie River, will be held
Sunday.
McKenzie guides and boatmen
from other rivers will take part
in the five-hour parade, starting at
10 a.m. Entries are expected to
total 100 or more boats.
y "&ly.,:
and other
Dispute Centers
On Custody of
Einstein's Brain
PRINCETON, N.J. Of Strife
and publicity, which famed Albert
Einstein tried to avoid all his life,
followed him in; death Tuesday in
the form of an argument over who
was to study his brain.
Montefiore Hospital in New York
City said the brain which fash
ioned the theory of relativity and
other mathematical equations be
yond the compfehension of most
men, would be-delivered there
Tuesday.
Princeton hospital here said the
brain would not leave this quiet
university town, where the gentle,
wispy haired professor died Mon
day. .
Newsmer tried to question au
thorities ai Montefiore Hospital,
where a spokesman had announced
an afternoon arrival for the brain.
All queries were referred to
Princeton. 1
At Princeton, Dr. Thomas S.
Harvey of the hospital staff termed
the matter a misunderstanding, but
insisted the brain would remain
here.
eration of the line between classi
fied material not available to the
public and unclassified, technical
material never classified at all or
officially declassified."
'Unless this attitude is clarified,
it is bound to have a profound and
paralyzing effect upon the flow of
information to the American pub
lic," the committee said.
Perfume is sprayed in Paris
subway trains iof an effort to con
trol objectionable odors.
State Sites in
Construction
Fluid Request
WASHINGTON un The Defense
Department listed three Oregon
locations for $2,637,000 in its con
struction fund request to Congress
Wednesday,
Sen. Morse (D-Ore) said $1,991,
000 will go to Klamath Falls with
$992,000 earmarked for an Air
Force interceptor base at the air
port and $999,000 for 72 housing
units.
The Portland airport will get
$554,000 for work including pave
ment, utilities, storage and
personnel facilities.
The Tongue Point Naval Station,
Astoria, is down for $92,000 worth
of construction.
The request is for the fiscal
year beginning July 1.
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