4 (Soc. 1 Statesman Salem.
"No Favor Sways Us, No Fear Shall A ice" -.-Frsm
First Statesman. March 28. 1851
Statesman Publishing Company
CHARLES A. SPRAGUE, Editor and Publisher
Published every moraine. Business office ZSO'
North Church St- Salem. Ore.. Telephone
Entered si the postoffice at Salem. Ore. as second
class matter under act of Congress March a. 17.-
, , Member Associated Press.
The Associated Press is entitled exclusively to th ule
for republication of all local newt printed in
' this newspaper t
Peace Prize to Marshall
, Not Harry Truman, but George Marshall
was awarded the Nobel peace prize for the
year 1953. Belatedly, the 1952 prize was made
to Dr. Albert Schweitzer, the Alsatian mis
sionary, doctor and musician. The former
president had been mentioned prominently in
connection with the award which is made by
' the Norwegian Nobel Institute in conformity
with the will of Alfred Nobel, inventor of
dynamite. 1 " -
While the Institute does not make public
reasons for its selections it is safe to assume
that the basis of the choice of Marshall was
the attachment of his name to the "Marshall
Plan" for the rehabilitation of European na
tions ravaged by war. He initiated this in a
speech at Harvard University in 1947.' Cong
ress moved promptly to carry out the idea,
set up the Economic Cooperation Administra-
' tion and appropriated billions for it to ex
pend. This assistance speeded up recovery in
western Europe and helped substantially in
stopping Communist penetration in Italy and
France. Marshall made this contribution to
world leadership during his tenure as Secre
tary of State. Previously he had served as
commanding general during World War II
and Ambassador to China, and later as Sec
retary of Defense. V' ,
The fame of Marshall suffered under the
onslaughts of the partisan isolationists and
Chlangophiles who tried to make him share
blame for U.S. "mistakes" which caused the
"loss" of China. The Nobel award should re
move some of the foul tarnish on the lustre
of his honorable name. ' ,
Corporate Earnings
A stock 'market news report says that Wall
Street is more than pleased with continued
high earnings reports. It1 had been expecting
minus signs' to appear on the comparative
statements of earnings. Instead both gross
business volume and net earnings stay up.
But these reports are always past history, and
traders are trying to discount the future.
Corporations are reaping the fruits of new
plant investment which gives increased pro
duction at lower unit cost If business volume
decreases the elimination of overtime costs
softens the blow of lowered volume. NexJ
year the excess profits tax comes off, which
will give a lift to those in the high earnings
class. So while business seems to be settling
down, it is doing so on a high level. ' v.
Chiang Kai-shek's Weakness
In Placing Trust in Bad Lot
By JOSEPH ALSOP
TAIPEI, Formosa The room
Is handsome, the servants are
soft footed, as befits the head?
quarters of a
chief of state.
The man at
the big desk
j t is in nis six-
1 ties now and
' looks more
I a - sage than sol-
I r- ' dier, yet he is
still lithe and
7 I erect The
fl Iwise smile,
j, , J the superb
Joerpb Alsop , courtesy, the
- r.... . air of timeless
' dignity these traits are quite
unchanged. Such is Chiang Kai
shek today. As basically simple.
"The enemy has lost the peo
' pie yet their system drives
them always to make new ag
gressive moves. Our time will
surely come."
It is nearly 30 years since this
man cooly expelledthe Com
munists from the Kuomintang.
' It is getting on for 20 years
i since the Japanese attacked, in
order to forestall this man's uni
fication of China. It is nearly
; four years since he fled from
the mainland, leaving his life
work in ruins behind him.
Through all these vicissitudes,
his courage has never failed
him.
..It is reasonable to admire
such a man, and the current
fashion is even to be senti
mental about him. There are not
; many, after alt who have sever
- bowed their heads. There are
not many who can be cool in
victory and still serene in de
feat Chiang Kai-shek, beyond
doubt, is one of the great men
of oar time. Those who. deny
his greatness are fools or worse.
Yet it is also prudent, al
though not fashionable at the
moment to remember that the
weaknesses of this man helped
vto bring disaster upon him and
- bis people. V-:
.
God knows, American policy
.in China was idiotic enough in
the crucial period. Yet it was
not American policy, it was
. Chiang Kai-shek himself, who
entrusted the highest respon
sibilities of the state to such
, slimy villains as Chen YL such
'flagrant traitors as Fn Tso-yi
who sold Peking to such blither
ing incompetents as Tn Liming
who lost Manchuria, and to sack
public jokes as the rapacious
Id enuch who commanded the
Chinese navy until he went over
to the Communists.
" Here in Formosa you can see
what might have been, from
the job that is being done by
Orel, Saturday, Oct 31. 1953
Headline in Corvallis Gazette-Times: "Pub
lic Health Unit to Move to College to Study
Pollution." What? Have conditions got that
bad at OSC? We have noted the struggle in
"Corvallis to keep out liquor-by-the-drink for
the protection of students and " townsfolk
(though it's a short drive to decadent Philo
math); but were not aware of campus ''pol
lution." Getting beneath the headline how
ever we 'read that what is happening is that
-the U. S. Public Health Service is moving a
unit from Cincinnati to OSC to study pollu
tion in fisheries, being attracted there by the
high quality of the college work in the field
of fish and game management. It is comfort
ing to know that purity still prevails at OSC.
the Chen Changs and the Sun
Li-jens and all the other able
and honest men whom the Gen
eralissimo never used to like or
trust There .was something in
Chiang's nature that usually led
him to prefer pliant bad lots to
independent minded good men;
and this tendency, plus the
character of the pre-disaster
Kuomintang, had infinitely
more to do with the loss of
China than any American folly.
Today, furthermore, just as
you can see Chiang Kai-shek's
greatness at work here in For
mosa, so you can also see the in
fluence of his weaker side.
r
There are certain lessons of
the past that Chiang and those
around him can be counted on
not to forget The troops , will .
never again be left unpaid and
cheated of - their rations. The -currency
will never again , be
casually inflated. If Draconic
punishments can keep the gov
ernment clean, the government
will never again be allowed to
relapse into corruption.
Yet there are other lessons
that have not been learned in
particular, the really first class
men who were put into key gov
ernmental posts in the first
flush of determination to make
a fresh start are. gradually yet
perceptibly losing ground again,
again. ,
Brave old Prime Minister
Chen Cheng has less influence.
The remarkably able and coura-
geous former governor of For
mosa, K. C Wu, who joined
:with Chen Cheng to put through
. the land reform and to give a
voice in government to the For
mosan people, has been re
moved from office after a pal
ace row. The new governor, O.
K. Qui, is also an able-man, but
one of those who do not argue,
and he comes from the former
entourage of Doctor H. H. Kung,
which has its own significance. v
Again,' in the army, the com
mand belongs to Sun Li-jen, but
the command is a very limited
business. There are nearly 50,
000 surplus officers, there are
. more than 1,000 surplus gen
ii erals, all intriguing for appoint
ments. Since the Burma days
and before. Gen. Sun Li-jen has
never possessed the generalis
simo's personal confidence. But
that confidence is still 'given
.to some of the most deplorable
. survivors of the old days such
as Gen. Hu Tsung-nan and Gen.
Tang En-po.
, American influence has Just
led to Tsutg-nan's removal front
the critical command en Ta
Chen, the dos advanced and
strategically important of the
Fonnosan island outposts. Bat
army and divisional and some
Only Himself to Blame
Here is a "believe it or not" item for stu-.
.dents of juvenile delinquency. San Francisco
lias a model Youth Center for .detention of
youtfl who get into trouble; but the home
like surroundings do not root out malicious
instincts in many of the ones committed to
the Center. Recently a dozen boys broke out
of the Center. One 16-year-old escapee roam
ed the city with a high-powered rifle, stole
three cars and a truck, also some money and
a $300 ring. With a police net spread for him
he decided to surrender. Under questioning
he said there was no one to blame but him
self. He added:
"It's not the fault of my parents. ' They
treated me fine. It's not the fault of my en
vironment It was all right Everything is my
own fault"
That deserves to be printed in the sociology
textbooks and studies on the causes of delin
quency. '
. An obscenity heard over the air during the
Fulton Lewis program shocked listeners and
led to the firing of a radio technician who
had inadvertently spoken into a live mike.
We don't know what the naughty word was,
but doubt if it did as much harm as the cata
ract of bilge-water that Junior (F. Lewis Jr.,
that is) puts out over the air nightly.
President Eisenhower thinks cattle prices
Have touched bottom and will turn upward.
Uh-huh; "just around the corner."
Editorial Comment
HIGHWAY BY-PASS
Under the title "Do By-Passes Hurt Business?"
the U. S. Chamber of Commerce has published a
booklet presenting a cross-section of opinion from
all parts of the country. In reporting on results
obtained in 30 by-passed cities, the chamber deals
with the attitude of businessmen themselves and
states:
"When the idea is first suggested, many
oppose it. However after the by-pass has been
in operation for a while, all or most of the I
established merchants and businessmen usual
ly praise it"
For what it is worth, the survey showed that
in eight cities (all under 100,000 population) busi
ness was described as improved after opening of
by-passes. Thirteen cities (ranging from 2,000 to
800,000 population) reported no noticeable effect
on business. Businessmen in two cities (under
50,000 population) felt (hey had suffered as a
result of by-passes. (The Dalles Chronicle.)
Declared to Be
of Pliable Men
times even regimental and bat
talion commanding: officers are
still being chosen, not for effi
ciency, but by the influence on
the generalissimo of Hn Tsung
nan and others of his kidney.
Cutting across this situation,
and interacting with it there is ,
the emergence of the generalis
simo's son, Gen. Chiang Ching
kuo, as a major power here.
Fortunately, Chiang Ching-kuo
appears to be a man of the high
ets capacity, brilliantly intelli
gent, hard as nails, absolutely
honest ruthless no doubt but
-with exceptional abilities of the
sort that are badly needed. Un
fortunately the Americans here
have tended to exude disap
proval of. Chiang Ching-kuo, be
cause he heads the Army Politi
cal Department and because he
is not by any stretch of the
imagination a "democratic"
leader. ,
There are other cross cur
rents, such as one between Gen.
Chiang Ching-kuo and Madame
Chiang Kai-shek, one of whose
wretche d nephews Chiang
Ching-kuo. once gaoled for cur
rency black marketeering. But
the main present tendency is
for Chiang Ching-kuo, the rising
man and perhaps the strongest
man after - his father on this
island, to ally himself, with the
old bad lots instead of with the
abler and more forward looking
.Chinese who are pro-American.
These political complications
have a great bearing on the
value of our Fonnosan invest
ment One requirement of
American policy here should
certainly be to build a bridge
between Chiang Ching-kuo and
such men as Chen Cheng and
Son Li-jen. But even this will
not be good enough.
The truth is that the Gen
eralissimo's tendency to prefer
the pliable bad lots to the inde
pendent minded good 'men
stems from desire, a perhaps
natural desire, to have some
thing or someone he can abso
lutely rely on. He has never
felt at home with the more mod
ern minded and forward looking
Chinese. Even now, he does not
feel confident of continuing
American support But let the
- United States adopt a clearly
defined, Formosa policy a pol
icy; Chiang can rely on more
confidently than on the favor
ites he dominates. Let one con
dition be the solution of the
problems outlined above. The
generalissimo will then "cheer
fully take the needed action to
makg Formosa the. lean, hard
muscular show, ready for any
thing, that Formosa ought to
. be." t
Copyriyht. 1953.
Kw York Herald Tribune. Inc.)
Radio Station WWDC in Washington, D. C, is falling all
over itself these days apologizing for the blooper pulled dur
ing the Fulton Lewis Jr., so-called news broadcast Wednes-
1 VPT If A 1 1. nli. J
f a aay over xtoiivi. deems uiai x uiwn waa yoa-
i,- I broadcasting
say, a couple
1 Anyway, the announcer has been fired and the engineer
on duty suspended ... Right after the goof -off Wednesday a
listener called KSLM's switchboard and cried, "Congratulation!
That's what I think of Fulton Lewis too" . . .
Wonder if Sen. Wayne Morse knows that when he speaks
in Salem Nov. 13, he will be competing verbally with the
Oregon Young Republicans who will be in convention here
on that day . . t Ernest Lundeen, CO of the Purple Heart Or
der here, sent invitations to come to Salem to a lot of big
wigs . . . One of the biggest wig, Interior Secy. Douglas Mc
Kay said he wasn't sure when he could make it , Mrs. Elea
nor Roosevelt said she intended to spend a couple of her days
in Oregon in January and so would talk in Salem ... Lundeen
tried to arrange a debate between Morse and Rep. Walter
Norblad but Norblad said what for? He wasn't mad at Way
ne .. . Sens. Kefauver and Knowland said they'd be in these
parts next spring, but not sure just when ....
A Los Angeles portrait fotog blew into town Thursday to
take cut-rate pictures ... All the local fotogs nearly flipped
their shutters when they heard about it . . So they got to
gether, printed a dandy come-on offer of their own and one of
them stationed himself in the same hotel where the travelling
bulb-popper was planted for a one-day stand . . . The local man
met all potential customers in the hotel lobby and managed to
siphon off a good share of them ... The visiting cameraman
was fit to be tied with his own tripod ... He complained to
the hotel management police, the law, etc. ... But no soap
... And here we thought photographers were such easy-going,
non-belligerent souls ...
Applying appliances dept . . . A Salem mother reports
she used to have trouble getting her kids to stay at the table
long enough to down a good breakfast , , . Then the family
purchased a shiny new electric toaster ... Now, she said, .the
kids stay at the table, alright but they spend most of their
time making faces in the mirror-like finish of the toaster , . .
On 99E outside north Salem is a sign which says half-way to
equator and half-way to the north pole. Well, Albert Ziegler,
New Zealand and exchange speaker at Parrish Jr; Hi, notes
that near his home town of Nelson, N.Z., there is a road-sign
reading, "Half - way to the equator and half - way to the
SOUTH pole." . . . Small world . . .
GRIN AND BEAR
"To hoys 9m
mi soar dmmm the
vow to set owl
MOSCOW: 'ROLL, JORDAN, ROLL!'
eling away on his pet project wooden
churches for Europe. He paused for breath
and a strange voice chimed in with a vuglar
remark. So WWCD, which originates Fulton's
broadcast, beat its breast for all mutual sta
tions and said that the incident "was acciden
tal in nature in that the announcer assigned
line failure.". So did, needless to
of thousand listeners . .
IT By Lichty
W cfcttf
-
Time Flies
FROM STATESMAN FILES
10 Years Ago
October II, 194S
Germany suffered 2,700,000
casualties, nearly 1,000,000 of
them killed and captured, dur
ing four months of a rolling
Bed army offensive.
The new and widely publi
cized disease killer, penicillin
"was used in a number of
cases", at the second largest
U. S. naval training station at
Farragut Idaho, with excellent
results, reported Commander
John. R. Weisser, executive offi
cer of the station hosptaL
James F. Taylor, son of Mr.
and Mrs. J. D. Taylor, gradu
ated as a bombardier from Big
Spring bombardier school in
Texas, with a second lieuten
ant's commission.
. 25 Years Ago
October 11, 1928
The Oregon coast was raked
by gales with hurricane storm
warnings up at Astoria. All
shipping hurried to protected
bays.
The. federal, government
transferred to the Stat of Or
gon what was known as Saddle
Mountain in Clatsop County, for
park purposes. The land was
originally owned by the North
Pacific Railroad Company.
i
Clarence Terhune, 19, of St
Louis, a golf! caddy, secreted
himself on the Graf Zeppelin
before the dirigible left on its
return flight to Germany. He
wai discovered after the Zepp
sailed and became the first air
stowaway.
40 Years Ago
October 31,1912
Nearly $100,000 was ' dis
bursed to heros or their rela
tives by the Carnegie Hero
Fund Commission. The com
mission distributed $91,000 in
awards of $2000 and $1000.
Professor Ralph Harr pre
sented several of his students
in a recital at the home of
Mrs. J. A. Maplethorpe. Among
them were Leonora Koon, Lu
cille Maplethorpe and Alice
Putnam.
Willamette University defeat
ed the University of Oregon on
the Willamette field by the
score of 6 to 3 in a great game
of football. Two players well
known in Salem were Brazier
Small and Raymond Rowland. '
Better English
BjD.C WILLIAMS
; 1. What is wrong with this
sentence? "Directly she appear
ed on the stage, the audience
applauded."
2. What is the eorreet pro
nunciation of "abdomen"?. .
J. Which one of these words
Is misspelled? Indefatigable,
navigable, managable, incorrig
ible. . ; ,
4. What does the word "re
paration' mean? .
' 5. What is a word beginning
with zl that means "unduly
dainty"? - ' ?
I : ANSWERS 1
L Say, "As soon 'as she ap
peared." 2. Preferred pronuncJ
, ation is with accent on second
: syllable. 3. Manageable. 4. The
' act of making amends. "He
made reparation for the wrong
ho had done." 9. Finical
HTTT) ITTtrg
(Continued from page one.)
but the Willamette was here
first and was the principal ave
nue for movement of persons
and freight in this valley before
the coming of the rails. Steamer
transportation was maintained
regularly between Portland and
Salem (except in times of low
water) until about 20 years ago.
Tug-pushed barges are the mod
ern successors of the old stern
and side-wheelers that plowed
the Willamette for many dec
ades. One can appreciate the atti
tude of the rails and truck lines
where competition is already so
keen that loss of any substantial
volume of business to barges
would hurt But it is hardly
possible for the federal govern
ment which has spent large
sums for river improvement and
justified it. as aid to navigation
now to withhold a certificate to
a barge operator who wants to
use the river. In many respects
the competition would appear to
be limited to movement of bulk
commodities or bargeloads. The
haul is short and extra han
dling is involved which adds to
operating costs. But where
water movement Is economical
it should be allowed.
The question of granting a
certificate . to Albany Barge
Lines was argued before an ICC
examiner in Portland Thursday,
and in due time his recom
mendation will be made and
later the decision of the Com
mission announced. Intrastate
operation is now being carried
on, so river' navigation has re
turned to the Willamette. How
far it develops will depend on
. how satisfactorily it can provide
transportation service.
The Safety
Valve
SCULPTURE SOCIETY
APPROVES REJECTION
OF "VENUS"
To the Editor:
The Council of the National
Sculpture Society wishes to ex
press its approval of the action
taken by Salem's Citizens Com
mittee in refusing " to accept
"Venus k Victorieuse," a . sculp
ture by ; the French painter
Renoir, as a suitable monument
to Oregon pioneers.
However much .merit this
work may have, it obviously
would have no significance
whatsoever as a memorial to
said pioneers, and its purchase
for this purpose would be a
gross misuse of funds left with
specific intent
If the Museum director and
his confreres feel that this fig
ure should be acquired by the
Museum for the people of
Portland, they should seek
other funds for its purchase. ,
Needless to say, there are a
host of outstanding American
sculptors who have devoted
their lives to equipping them
selves for executing sculpture
equally worthy artisically and,
perhaps even more important
more forceful in the cause of
perpetuating the memory of,
and reminding us of our obliga
tion to, owr forebears.
A Frank Eliscu,
Secretary
SURVEY STUDIES EFFECTS
OF BOY SCOUTING
ON ADULT LIFE
To the Editor:
J invite your cooperation in
an initial survey to locate all
former scouts and scouters of
the Pasadena-San Gabriel Val
ley, California Council, Boy
Scouts of America.
k The purpose of this survey is
to measure, through a subse
quent questionnaire, the bene
fits a boy receives in his earlier
scouting years as measured by
advantages gained in adult life
because of his Scouting ex
periences. This is the "follow-through"
on everything the Boy Scout
Program was intended - to ac-
complish and the findings com
piled will be turned over to the
National Council
. Over 75,000 boys have been
processed through the Scouting
Program in this one Council
' during the past 30 years.
All former scouts and scout
ers effected by this initial sur
vey are requested to send their
name, present address and for
mer troop affiliation at once to:
Matt Grandon. Survey Chairman
Boy Scouts of America
P.O. Box 3033 A
Pasadena 3, California.
Red Industry
Said in Slump,
HONG KONG (ft Big con
servancy projects such as land
reclamation Jobs that can be
done by manual labor seem to
be coming along 'fine in Red
China.
But the industrial building
new factories, better tooling
which require great technical
skill, are slumping. The latter
projects are getting emphasis in
Red propaganda now because this
is the first year of the five-year
plan. .
The Reds describe industrial
management as chaotic Produc
tion plans are out of gear. Many
monthly and semi-annual targets
have been missed, some by quite
a lot
'Confessors'
Present U. S.
Big Problem
By J. M. ROBERTS, JR. "
Associated Press News Analyst
While the United States is ham
mering at worjd public opinion
with the story of Communist tor
ture and persecution of Allied pris
oners in Korea, the government is
faced with the problem of what to
do about men who broke down and
signed ''confessions' or cooperated
with their captors to obtain special
benefits.
It is a very serious problem, one
which contains the possibilities of
deep injustice to some men as well -as
a continuing danger to Ameri
can security.
The story of Russian-sponsored
methods of getting the confessions
of germ, warfare and other things
for propaganda purposes, and of
the Communist methods of "indoc
trination." are enough to make one
wonder why more imprisoned men
did not succumb.
The top ranker among the re
turnee, prisoners, Maj. Gen. Wil
liam F. Dean, says his experiences
would cause him to be very lenient
with the men. ,
Some officers take the tradition
al view there are some men who
connive at their own capture in
the first place, that others are cap
tured because they are poor sol
diers, and that for even the best it
is a part of war that must be en
dured like a soldier. This school
has established rules about the
limits of cooperation with the ene
my, with court martial prescribed
lor tnose who go too far.
Secretary of Defense Wilson has
laid down a policy of very careful
consideration of individual cases
before decisions regarding-, dis
charge, court martial or reassign
ment. Nobody wants to discourage a
man who deserves punishment
through court martiaL Nobody
wants to court martial a man hur
riedly, because his discharge is
imminent, unless there are strong
circumstances against him. And
nobody wants to reassign to duty
men, especially officers, who could
be security risks.
This - latter point is especially
complicated by the difficulty of de- '
termining a man's motives and by
the fact that the Communists have
had for years a very definite pro
gram of infiltrating the armed
forces in search of disruptive and
treasonable opportunities.
This latter point may also be the
easiest of determination. Once a
man has affiliated himself with the
Communist belief in any means to .
accomplish their ends,' it is never
thereafter possible to certainly es
tablish his intent.
Also, since most of the prisoners
were able to resist both blandish
ment and mistreatment by their
captors, it will always be feared
that the others could be subject to
failure again ' under pressures of
one sort or another, and that there
fore they are not good security
risks. r
Such a broad - attitude toward
men who were so sorely tried, to
ward many' who hid or thought
they had no choice except between
life and death, could not bo justi
fied on any other grounds than the
utmost safety for a whole nation.
Government Extends
Aid to Samoan Lepers
PAGO PAGO Pi The lepers
of American Samoa no longer will
be confined to little Makogal Is
land in the Fijis. A leprosarium
has been built seven miles west
of here where patients will get
medical care and land to farm.
The government hopes that
knowing they will be no longer
doomed to exile on Makogai, le
pers on Samoa who may be con
cealing the disease will come in
for treatment '
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