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THE WOR
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Free World
ed
Rash
onfereinces
azz
Basic Goals
Bar
Peace
a
LD
THIS
WEE
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Is
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Nation's Economy
Is Riding High
Reef
Real
By J. M. ROBERTS JR. I
Associated Prims Neves Analyst
THE world is on a conference jag.
v Some are under way, some are in prospect, and
some are merely proposed. !
The big arguments , centered around Allied-Russian
negotiations over whether to confer about Germany, what
form a conference about Korea should take, whether Red
China should be invited to a world peace' conference, or
whether there should be a conference by the Big Four
chiefs of state.
One conference, having arriyed at an agreement for
American mnitary - bases in
Spain, bade fair to turn into
dozens of conferences over im
plementation.
Another put
the smooth
ing iron on
the British
Egyptian bat
tle for Suez.
Iran's gov
e r n m e n t
began to pre
pare the peo
ple -for the'
return of for
eign techni-.
clans- to re-
I
t. v
Tt .
. A:
Court
J. M. Roberts, Jr.
open the oil wells and Abadan
refinery. Renewed conferences
on a settlement with Britain
seemed likely.
;.' Indochina -Increasing
numbers of Ameri
cans,' chaperoning a growing
stream of war supplies, con
ferred with French and local of
ficials in Indochina on how to
win both the military and politi
cal conflicts there. Communist
talk' about a negotiated peace
didn't get much attention.- '
. At Rome the French marched
up the hill of surrendering some
sovereignty to a supranational
European Union, and then
marched down again, "endanger
ing the chances that the . six-
nation foreign ministers : would
, have a concrete charter draft on
which to work when they confer
at the Hague next month.
At the Rome meeting the only
nation ' standing firm for union
was West Germany.
German Problem
After the latest Russian note,
despite its vagueness and intro
duction of extraneous matters,
the odds went up on an even
tual four-power meeting on
Germany. Russia made no to
tally unacceptable demands, un
less she" intended to make the
meeting contingent upon a
promise - of another meeting
later,, wilh Red China included,
to discuss broad general settle
ments. She suggested such a
meeting, but diplomats were un
sure just what she meant.
As to the odds on any con
crete results from either type
of meeting, they remained j un
changed very short
This had the effect ol increas
ing the odds i that some day
President Eisenhower would find
himself at table with the other
chiefs of state.
He . doesn't like the idea, be
lieving that issues between
states are better handled under
the checks and balances of dip
lomatic channels than through
personal diplomacy.-; ;
- Anxious Europe
: But if a conference1 over Ger
many fails, all Europe will be
putting on the pressure for last
.... . . . i i .
ditch enorts ax. we nignesi ev
els to correct what undoubtedly
will be a deteriorating situation.
If the;' German conference
should by any unexpected chance
succeed, public opimon wiu ae
mand that the search for general
settlement be pressed by every
means and, at the highest levels
In an America which had be
come the world's largest cred
itor, which exercised world
leadership on the basis ol allies
which must be economically
strong if they are to be valu
able, conferences had begun on
what was both a great national,
and international issue tariffs.
Everybody liked the slogan
"trade not aid," but many heart
ily 'disliked any dislocation of
.American business and indus
try which might be necessary to
attain it V I
I Unrealistic Approach r
Insofar as the proposed con
ferences on East-West i issues
were concerned, the discussion
went on against a fantastically
academic backdrop. The diplo
mats knew that even if some
piecemeal settlements were made
they would last only a long as
Russia wanted them to; that real
. peace could not be made except
with a vastly -changed, non-totalitarian
regime which would
abandon both the world revolu
tion of communism and tradi
tional Russian expansionism.
That change could be made
only through ai tremendous
Russian internal upheaval or
through a great war. Confer
ences would remain merely for
ums for expressions of antago
nistic viewpoints.
New Chief Justice ;
bince iSept. 3, when he an
nounced he would not ' seek ' a
fourth term as California's gov
emor, Earl Warren's availability
for a federal appointment had
been taken for granted.- ;
This week, after a flying cross
country trip by Attorney Gen
eral Herbert Brownell Jr., the
popular. 62-year-old Governor
became the nation's first Repub-"
lican Chief Justice since Harlan
F. Stone.
A leader of the liberal wing
of the GOP,- Warren served as a
state attorney and attorney gen
eral in California before he be
came governor. He brought
about far-reaching ; reforms in
California's court system and
signed more than '10,000 bills
during his. tenure as governor,
none of which were upset
through judicial review.
Warren opposed Presiden
Roosevelt's 1937 attempt to re-
organize the Supreme Court and
publicly approved the majority
decision which declared Presi
dent Truman's seizure of the
steel industry illegal. In the bit
ter offshore oil dispute last year,
Warren supported the position of
the maritime states.
As the Republican vice presi
dential nominee in 1948, Warren
was the running mate of New
York s Gov. Thomas E. Dewey.
A candidate for last year's GOP
presidential nomination, Warren
threw his support behind the
Eisenhower forces at Chicago in
a move that virtually doomed the
candidacy of the late Sen. Robert
A. Taft of Ohio.
Warren has no experience as a
judge. Legally, none is required
for appointment to the high
bench. President Eisenhower
made it clear, however, he conr
siders Warren's character and
legal training qualify him.
Warren s appointment must be
confirmed by the Senate when
Congress reconvenes in January,
an action regarded as pure for
mality.
AT THE LITTLE END OF THE HORN ,
Gmttf
SCALES OVER EUROPE
Arts'& Sciences
NO TRAUBEL AT THE METROPOLITAN
Dates
. k Monday, Oct 5
Supreme Court convenes.
. American College of Sur
geons meets in Chicago.
Tuesday, Oct 6
President Eisenhower to
address United Church Wom
en of the National Council of
Churches in Atlantic City,
N. J.
Vice President Nixon starts
goodwill tour of 15 Pacific
and Asiatic nations. . .
: ; Thursday, Oct S
President Eisenhower to
address National Council on
Education in Washington.
; ". Friday, Oet 5
Ecuador's Independence
Day.
Canadian Thanksgiving
Day. :? ;,
Sunday, Oct. 11
Pulaski Memorial Day.
Shrill Discord ;
The New York Metropolitan
Opera and its top Wagnerian
soprano, Helen Traubel, -parted
last week on a long sustained
high note of dissension.
Miss Traubel, who recently
made her night club debut at the
Chez Paree in Chicago, said the
snobbish attitude on art of the
Met's manager Rudolf Bing
made it impossible for her to
work for him.
Bing recently sent her a letter,
taking note of her night club ac
tivities. "Perhaps you would pre
fer to give the Metropolitan a
miss for a year or so until you
may possibly feel that you want
again to change back to the more
serious aspects of your art" he
wrote. .
. Miss Traubel -replied: 'To as
sert that art can be found in
the Metropolitan Opera House
but not in a night club is a rank
snobbery that underrates both
the taste of the American public
and the talents of its composers.
"I love the songs of Gershwin,
Handy. Kern. Rodgers, Berlin
and other great American com
posers. I am glad to sing them
and to bring to them my train
ing and equipment as a singer.
Since I cannot sing them at the
Metropolitan, I am singing them
at night clubs."
Miss Traubel said -she would
be unable to sign the contract
The famed St Louis-born so
prano succeeded Kirsten Flag
stad in 1939-40 as the Met's top
feminine star in Wagnerian
roles.
Washington's - National Sym
phony Orchestra asked Miss
Traubel to sing modern Ameri
can music at one of the orches
tra's concerts this season. '
The orchestra Conductor said
he was "gratified to have the
peerless voice of Miss. Traubel
raised on behalf of our Amen
can. composers." -
Her departure ranks as a sec
ond major defection from the
Met's cast of Wagnerian stars.
The contract of Lauritz Melchior,
renowned . tenor, ; was not , re
newed when Bing took over the
management three years ago.
Melchior. currently is appearing
in night clubs on the westcoast
Atomic Secrets
Congress may. be asked next
year to approve the furnishing
of .secret atomic information to
America's allies to bring about
western
an effective
buildup. . '
The question has been under
study since before, the Eisen
hower administration took over
last-January. The decision rests
primarily with the Joint Chiefs
of Staff, but it involves partici
pation with the White House,
State Department and Atomic
Energy Commission in varying
degrees ;
The United States already is
shipping tactical atomic weap
ons to Europe. Last week the
first units of 280-milhmeter can
non sailed for Europe. This giant
gun was developed to fire atomic
as well as conventional shells.
Under present law, they can
be used in Europe only by
American units assigned to the
international command.. Some
experts argue that from a znili
tary point of view it would be
desirable to let Allied European
military forces have some atomic
defensei weapons for their own under
controlled conditions, f
The big obstacle to this is the
greater risk of loss of secrets to
Russia and the fact that the
United States would be losing
some of the control it now has
over nuclear weapons.
The United States may pro
vide technical help soon for Bel
gium in its efforts to develop an
atomic power plant for indus
trial use. Belgium has been this
country's chief supplier of the
basic atomic material uranium.
however, to make atmospheric
tests after the blasts.
The Australian government is
permitting the planes to make
meteorological observations. AH
weather information gathered
will be shared by the two gov
ernments. .
About 100 British and Aus
tralian scientists already are at
the testing site. British authori
ties said- the tests will include
two major atomic blasts and
some smaller detonations.
Weather Observers
Because of U.S. security bars
against release of . American
atomic information to other na
tions, American observers have
not been invited to the British
Australian atomic tests sched
uled later, this month on the
Woomera range in south Australia.
Two Superfortress weath-
er planes arrived , in Sydney,
NEWS: Shorts & Oddities
Proposed: By Russia rin reply'
to U.S., British and French re
quests for a. four-power parley
on Germany and Austria a Big
Five conference, including Com
munist China, on world prob
lems and a Big Four meeting on
Germany.
Descended: Prof. Auguste Pic-
card 10,334 feet into the Tyrr
henian. Sea, more than doubling
the depth record set by a(
Frenchman Aug. 12.
Wed: Sen. Joseph R. McCar
thy, 43, (R-Wis.) and Miss Jean
Fraser Kerr, 29, a former worker
on his investigations staff.
Crashed: At Louisville,: Kyn &
chartered airliner filled with
Puerto Rican soldiers, killing 22
of 41 persons aboard.
Rejected: By Britain's Labor
Party in convention, a left-wing
resolution aimed ; at pinning
blame on the United States for
the cold war and the armament
race. ." '"" . -,: ..
Announced: By Australia, two
new major uranium finds near
the giant Rum Jungle uranium
field in the northern territory.
..Killed: 276 persons , by. a". ty
phoon in Japan which 'also, left
323 missing, 993 injured and
19,800 houses demolished.
Died: West , Berlin's Mayor
Ernst Reuter, 64, a "Sharp critic
of communism . and staunch
friend of the West unexpectedly
at his home.
By SIGRID ARNE
I t. Associated Press ISetes Analyst
PDR the time being, at least, we Americans are living
in a sort-of Utopia which economists have dreamed
about for years. -
Only 100,000 are jobless. Part of those are just
between jobs, and some have just knocked off for fishing.
, lhe average factory worker who was making 47.50 a.
week1 at. the end of , World War II (which we thought was
high) is now making $71.69 and working an average 40ft
hours a week. ' " v -;
Savings are high. Federal Reserve's latest survey on
that was last December. Then
individuals had $16200,000,000
put a way. in various types o!
savings accounts and .govern
ment bonds. -
As individuals we owe, on
short term debt about one-sixth
of oui savings:
'1
In White t Plains, N. Y.,
9-year-old, boy- dropped the
mouths of police by opening the
station house safe. 'The youth
boasted he could, open safes by
"listening to, the tumblers fal
in place" and demonstrated on
the official vault
In. Japan,; 12 members of an
Osaka home for the aged were
married m a single ceremony,
The eldest, of. the six brides was
73, the youngest bridegroom 66
i In Whitman, Mats., a thief
who lost a ' race with police
blamed it on a pair of tight new
shoes. In addition to the ones
he wore, police found 22 other
pairs of brogans stolen from a
Middleboro shoe store.
In Albuquerque, the New
Mexico State Fair had to call off
a rooster crowing competition
when judges refused to get up
at 4 ajn. to decide the . winner.
In Montgomery, Ala, thieves
broke into a cigarette vending
machine at a drive-m movie and
found ' this ' notice- instead - of
money in the coin box; "Note to
Burglars Emptied every .night
Tell your friends, too. The Man
agement"
In Boston, police hunted a
nervy thief who took a $587
mink stole off the shoulders of
a dummy in a department store
window at midday and walked
out with it.
Brush, Brother, Brush!
There is no definite proof that
toothpaste materially decreases
tooth decay, agreed- six dental
scientists at the annual meeting
of the American Dental Assn. in
Cleveland. :
Their conclusions cover , the
latest dentifrices on the mar
ket the so-called anti-enzyme
toothpastes as well as those
containing ammonium com
pounds, chlorophyll derivatives
and antibiotics such as penicil
lin. . -' .
Dr. Thomas J. Hill, professor
at Western Reserve University's
School of Dentistry, said, "It is
not definitely established that
the dentifrices as used by the
public materially decrease the
rate of tooth decay -because of
any specific therapeutic sub
stance incorporated in them."
Dr. HilL chairman of the asso
ciation's - Dental Therapeutics
Council, stressed that proper
use of the .toothbrush as a
cleansing instruriient is more ef
fective for dental health than
any substance in toothpastes.
Advocate of Sterilization
Sterilization for "problem fam
ilies' was recommended by a
British medical officer as a way
of cutting public housing expenses.
Dr. J. R. Graham complained
that the problem families have
strings of unwanted children and
wreck the homes rented to them
by the county. .-
"In the bad old days," he said,
'a process of survival of the fit
test eliminated many of the bad
stock of these problem families,
but under, present conditions
state and local aid enable them
to exist and increased - J ".
'The comfort of the average
decent citizen, forced . to live
next door to these people, is
sometimes rather apt to be over
looked." -
ey
Interest Rates Down
There is ' fresh evidence the
cost of borrowing money, inch
ing higher for the past two
years,; may be heading down
again.!
On Thursday the US. Treas
ury issued a new series of "sav
ings notes."
The last time the . Treasury
put out a new issue of savings
notes i the interest rate was
sharply higher. That was last
spring. Now the interest rate
being cut a development caus
ing something of a stir in busi
ness and financial circles.
This week's action by the fed
eral government's monetary ex
perts is of concern not only U
the multi-million dollar corpo
rations that buy the Treasury
notes but also to millions of
everyday folk who buy automo
biles, ( furniture and appliances
on the cuff, finance home pur
chases with mortgages or bor
row money for vacations.
It may point the way to
greater availability of credit
and lower interest rates at the
consumer level. '
The move is being widely in
terpreted as 'a symptom of
return to "easier" conditions in
the money market There have
been other symptoms recently.
For the last three "weeks, prices
of long-term government bonds
have been climbing higher and
higher normally a pretty fair
indication that interest rates are
easing off.
When money and credit get
too plentiful, the economy tends
toward inflation and the pur
chasing power of your dollar is
weakened. With money and
credit too tight yon have 'de
fiation" and business activity
slows down.
The Treasury and the Federal
Reserve Board have devices at
their j disposal for nudging the
ecqnomy either way. ror me
past two years the tendency has
been to keep inflationary pres
sures pinned down. Now the
pendulum may be swinging
slowly in the opposite direction.
i 9: "
(AU Rights Rtservtd.APNnBsfeatuTts)
Sigrid Am
Quotes
Seeretarv of Defense Wil
son: "We must realistically
face the problem that the
Russians, too, are making
progress in atomic and
thermo-nuclear weapons. We
must face the reality if not
at the moment very shortly
they (the Russians) will
be able to make bombs of
any; size also." '
Mrs. D. 'Leigh Colvin,
president of the .Woman's
Christian Temperance
Union: "Dr. Frank H. Han
nan, assistant secretary ' of
Defense, was talking through
his brass hat" when he said
liquor interests were "using"
the,W.C,T.U. in opposing liq
uor sales in the Army. "The
W.C.T.U. is fighting sale of
that stuff in the Army and
anywhere else."
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CAIRO CONFERENCE Egypft President Naguid (right)
grts San. William Knowland ' (R-Catif.) on his round-th-world
tour. In cntr is U.S. Ambassador Caffary.
: -N. -.-ft - ' iX t'V
- " ;y
HONORED Former President Truman is presented with STARS-French Marshal Juin. commander of NATO central
Four Freedoms award at foundation's dinner in Nw York. " , " European forces, chats with VS. Can. AH rod M. Gruonthor,
In cantor is Dean Achesen, Truman's secretary of State. NATO supreme commander, on maneuvers in W. Germany.
$27,700,000,
000. That's the
sort of debt
which must be
paid off com
parati vely
soon; like -
debts for au
tos, air condi- :
tioners,' furni
ture, and the
like,
or our
homes, as a
nation, .we also owe about 55
billion dollars. That is the kind
of debt which is stretched out
over 10 or 20 years.
Record High Levels
The Bureau of Labor Statistics
reports that all of us are buying
at record high levels. That means
factories can go on employing
workers to turn out the things
we want .
That is the over-all national
picture which government econ
omists try to keep in focus. It is
the sort of picture which they
have always dreamed about; a
time in which almost everyone
was at work, and all of us to
gether had enough money to buy
what the factories and - farms .
turnout
But there are gripes.
Breadwinner Worries
The gripes ' you know. You
make them. Like the gripe that
prices are too high.
Taxes are too high. We didn't
get that raise in June. The real
estate company wants too much
for a down payment on the
house.
Then there are the clouds.
Ewan Clague, chief of the Bu
reau of Labor Statistics, cites
lay-offs in some industries; such
as in shoes and textiles in New ,
England and the Carolinas; in '
autos and farm machines in
Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Wis
consin, and Ohio; and in coal
mining in Pennsylvania.
Cautious Baying.
Businessmen who have to buy
up big stocks of goods so that we
find them on the shelves when
we want them, have turned a
little cautious. They are buying
for a shorter time ahead. That
makes it more difficult for the
manufacturer to plan ahead for
the men he hires and the raw
materials he buys.
Wall Street has seen a slow
slide downward in the value of
stocks this summer. Nothing
spectacular, but still a down
ward slide. ;
Those three facts partial lay
offs in some industries, more
cautious buying by business
men, 'and some lost stock values j
could all mean people will
have more trouble finding new l
jobs. ,
But Washington is not as un
prepared for that as it was in
1929. Clague points out that
there is a "cushion in both the
payments made to people just .
out of jobs (unemployment com
pensation), and in the payments
made to people getting Old Age
Insurance. ,
The Eisenhower administra
tion in particular Secretary ol '
the Treasury ''Humphrey has
said that the government is now
developing plans to put new
money into areas which show
any marked unemployment
So what's ahead?
Top government economists
think we are on a "high plateau
which will last for some time.
High employment high wages,
high prices, and high spending.
BLS men point out that the
"commodities ; we buy like
food, furniture, clothes ara
either staying level, or slipping
a little. . ' . .;.
But the "services" we buy,
which never did take the spec
tacular wartime rise are now
going up slowly, like rents, bus
and train fares, and costs of doc
tors and hospitals. So. as one
either stays level or drops, the
other goes up. For the. time be
ing, government economists
think, we will be putting out
about the same amount of money
to live, and we will be living
boat as well