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Election Landslide Makes Bonn New Force in
LiKl "
Europe
Dixie Still Is Hot
About Civil Rights
i. By D. HAROLIX OLIVER
. y. Associated Press Netcs Analyst
SOIJTHERN DEMOCRATS, who chose Eisenhower over
Stevenson partly because they found the former's civil
' rights stand more palatable, are finding a bit hard to
; swallow the first administration moves to end racial dis-
crimination.
i Southern governors and newspapers some of them in
i:the Republican candidate's corner last November are
C:among the protestants. "Low politics" and "F.E.P.C. by
executive fiat" are some of the terms used,
i: While some of the Eisenhower Democrats are saying
tihe new President's record oth-
lerwise is all to the good and,
- things might have been worse.
"Z under Stevenson, the civil rights;
ictions could make trouble for
party trying to capitalize its
lnew found support in Dixie.
y. Conversely, they could win
the former five-star general ln-
'itreased minority group support
' In the north. I
One of the civil rights actions,
taken by the Agriculture De-
partment and most likely with-j
"'out the President's knowledge,'
was rescinded
" because, iron-
I p a 1 1 y, it
amounted .to
too strict an
interpretation
" of a 1943 ex
ecutive order
'. by the late
J President
-Roosevelt.
.,' This was a
- clause insert
ed in landing
"agreements
- by the Com-
Harold Oliver
imodity Credit Corp. requiring
private banks making CCC-m
;:.ured farm price suPPrtJaan
4o aeree not to
discriminate
'aeainst their own
employes or
r
. . -i
10-Year-Old Policy
This clause has been put in all
I-fovemment procurement con
tracts for 10 ears by directives
"ifrom President Roosevelt and
I'Truman and just recently reaf
firmed by President Eisenhower.
:?It was the next best thing to a
federal Fair Employment Prac
tices Commission (FEPC) law
..covering an inousiry ';
Vnvr ni all inousiry wnicn ;
job applicants oecause Vc,of care actually given averaged
.Congress has never Deen aDe(ne was trying to fill prescript
;:to vote on because of the South-tions he was fined $50 for fore.
ern filibuster. j ing a swab of ammonia into the
-: The other administration ac- mouth of one youth.
- i . ' 11 III- iU
;tions not selling wen wim mc
,;southern Democrats are:
1. A Navy department order,
Issued Aug. 20 on White House
-instructions, calling for' "com
;plete elimination" of racial
'seereeation among civilian em-
. . t
ployes at 43 naval shore stations
in the Southland
2. An Eisenhower order of
Aug. 13 setting up a lo-memoer
government contract committee
"to make "more effective" the
;non - discrimination provision
made mandatory in all govern-
ment contracts by Roosevelt in
! l943 and continued since.
; South Carolina Protests
" Inclusion of the non-discrimination
clause in farm lending
; agreements with private banks
-brought a storm. of protest re--cently
from South "Carolina
I bankers, who threatened to stop
'making price support loans and
sent a delegation to Washington.
Gov. James F. Byrnes, of
South Carolina, one of three
Southern governors who sup
Ijorted Eisenhower last fall, pro
tested to the President, who. in
;iurn, ordered an inquiry. The
.CCC promptly referred the mat
'ter to the Department of Justice
tior a legal ruling. Without wait-
M - AW. 4 An 1 am a nriii! tit v A
Officials found the pledge oy
3anks unnecessary.
As for the other orders, Eisen-i-hower
Republicans say the Pres
ident is simply carrying out his
campaign promise to make
'equality of opportunity a living
ijfact for every American re
rgardless of race, color or creed."
i New Policy
; When javy Secretary Robert
B. Anderson announced Aug. 20
new policy to end the segrega
tion of .races among civilian
workers at southern naval yards
and stations, he reversed the old
-practice of following "local cus
l torn" in racial matters. Pentagon
I manpower experts said this cus-
torn has been a "source of em
barrassment" because of the
President's pledge to eliminate
"segregation in all federal in
stallations. ; White House officials who had
a hand in tfie order agree the
'transition will be slow because
"it involves tearing down ancient
barriers. Commanding officers'
,hae been ordered to make;
iprogress reports" . every 60
tdays.
f Reports from the South indi
- cate segregation signs are com
;ing down here and , there at ;
Idrinking fountains, but most!
i washrooms and restaurants still
re on a separate" basis.
Dates
Monday, Sept. 14
Democratic National Com
mittee meets in Chicago.
Tuesday, Sept. 15
Adlai E. Stevenson re
ports to nation on round-the-world
tour.
Deadline, Federal income
tax (third payment).
Primary election in New
York.
U.N. General Assembly
opens in New York City.
Thursday, Sept. 17
Citizenship (I Am an
AmericanX Daj
Saturday, Sept. 19
Yom Kippur (Day of
Atonement).
Hot Shots
The American Hospital As
sociaticm was told that people
who complain of high hospital
bills don't realize how much
nicy KCi iui uicu miwj
! tients' 'bills at Roosevelt Hps-
:pital. New York City, averaged
$20.37 a day in 1952 but the cost
$21.86 a day.
! In Baylis, 111.
Robert Hughes,
26, was weighed last week forj
tK. first tim cinr 1 QSrt- Tn that
time he picked up a measly 87:
pouxias. rme'couniy ioi. imua.
Hughes is the fattest man in the
world. He now weighs 895
pounds.
A Baltimore druggist got so
annoyed at three small boys ask
ine for "3-D comic books" while
In Des Moines, Oscar, a 53-
year-old black sturgeon exhibit-i ment but the Western Powers!
ed at every Iowa State Fair since jhave never been able to agree!
1923, died last week apparently-with Russia on a governor. j
of old age. The fish weighedj Britain and the United States i
only 82 pounds when he diedjnow administer the northern!
Kut fnur vur aon ht tinned thp! .1 ...u : .u ;n
j r-1
scaU?s at Fair officials said!
,
j posterity.
In Leicester, Mass., it rained
so hard that afterwards thou
sand of frogs were found scat
tered for moTe than a mile on
Paxton Ave. The Weather Bu-
j reau scoffed at a theary- that the
i frogs were carried aloft by 50-
mile winds accompanying an
offshore hurricane but townsfolk
laughed off the bureau's theory
that a pond overflowed and
washed the frogs onto the road.
In San Rafael, Calif., a po
lice sergeant pulled his car
hastily to the curb to give right-of-way
to an ambulance speed
ing along with screaming siren.
A few seconds later, the sergeant
got a radio order that sent him
tearing after the ambulance. He
found Its driver drinking in a
bar six blocks away and jailed
I Oscar would be mounted forjpart c tne territory is admin
him on a charge of stealing thelslavia be given the test of the
ambulance.
DRAINING OUt
tsmwygw wroii , yr j-j-
j M Kr-nC -'vr V 7 Y Z rJV lip pS) castotf wint
I
r ,.h
g
Trieste
Hot Point
Trieste is a friction point that
keeps the explosive Balkans un
comfortably warm.
Italian before World War II.
it was established as a free zone;
with an international govern-1
pari in 111c z.uuc w 1j1v.ii iiKiuuci
f Trieste. The southern
. . 1
istered by Yugoslavia
The Western Big Three de-l
clared before the 1948 Italian:
elections that all of Trieste!
should be returned eventuallyi
to Italy. Since then, however,
Marshal Tito broke off with the
Kremlin
t-i i j rr;J
vu nug. 4.;?, xiaiy - gru inu:
planned to annex the Yugoslav-;
administered southern part of I
Hi Zi1f; 1Tit dCnied U b?'
charged Italian troop movements:
near the border constituted,
provocations.
W)
1
i m 1 i i a 1 '
tnat Italy ana Yugoslavia ad
minister Trieste jointly, with
details to be worked out between
the two governments. Sunday,
however, Tito proposed that the
strategic port of Trieste be in
ternationalized and that Yugo-
J territory claimed by Italy.
LIFE'S BLOOD
taruer xno naa aavocaieaganj
Wurmm, lurff pilii Star. Craiil, CkrttfwM itiumt mntt . Mm SUnmtmptlm Stmr I
rw -y X
Quotes
Chancellor Konrad Ade
nauer: "I am completely op
timistic about the European
Defense Community. I ex
pect it will come into effect
before the end of the year."
Former President Tru
man: "Theodore Roosevelt
had his Square Deal. Frank
lin Roosevelt brought in his
New Deal. I had what I
thought was a Fair Deal.
Now Eisenhower has given
us the Stacked Deal."
In Short
Died: Chief Justice
Died: Chief Justice Fred M.
Vinson of the US Supreme
63 lof a heart attack.
VOUri, DO, OI a neari anaCK.
i
rialmMr Hv Rritain th'ble civilian males in the
-
world's fastest fighter plane
speed record 727.6 m.p.h.
Re-elected: Eugene R. Black,
former official of the Chase Na
tioMl Bank -n New York M
nresirlent of th 55-nation World
nminHl' Rv Allied mom.
mebers of the Korean Military! year for every 100 women aged
Armistice Commission, that the'20 through 24. But in 1950 there
Communists account for 3,404ihad been 105 men for every 100
United Nations prisoners of war. women in this class.
including 944 'Americans, be-j
lieved still held in enemy stock-
lades.
rr WAS
ARTS &
Man, Oh Man!
The Census Bureau dug deep
into vital statistics by analyzing
last year's supply of "eligible"
civilian males in comparison
with the number of young
women of marriageable age. It
blamed on the draft a shortage
of available young bachelors.
For statistical purposes, the
bureau called females of 18
through 24 years "eligible."
Males were rated eligible at 21
through 27, because men gen
erally were about three years
older than' women at the time
of their first marriage.
Aftr iminatinr cprvir mn '
,. ; , u,u ;
r ?-CM 4kk"
!ni overseas- t,heie,burea.u
fniinri thr nrpre nn v 51
nounu meie were oniy 01
eligi
21 to
J 9 a era (rrmin trv .ir.pv 1 fifi irirlo
of 18 and 19 last year.
There were 89 such males for
every 100 girls in 1950 before
the draft bit into the supply.
Competition eased steadily for
single women in the older age
eroutM. There were 94 eligible
men in the 23-27 aee erouo last
Regardless of matchmaking j
problems, tabulators found the;
'number of married persons and
A DUD
SCIENCES
'families reached record levels
last year. There were 762 mil
lion married persons in 1952, a
gain of about one million from
the previous year.
"The report, entitled "Marital
Statistics
and Household Char
acteristics" also showed that in
1952:
There were 3.5 persons in the
average family a shade under
the 1950 average of 3.6 and con
siderably under the 1940 aver
age of 3.8 persons.
There were ' two ' " divorced
women who had not remarried
for every divorced man who
stayed single. (
JAfnmlr lllnnin
Nobel prize-winner Harold C.
Urey urged an end to govern
ment monopoly in atomic energy
because he said atomic power
would come sooner if private en
terprise were free' to work on it.
"Give some atomic Henry Ford
or Walter Chrysler a chance to
create useful atomic power for
Americans," Dr. Urey told the
American Chemical Society. He
said if that ever came about he'd
probably invest in a small com
pany, betting on it to help, speed
along the atomic age much like
Ford and others did to create the
automobile age.
Urey said the automobile was
not developed by the railroads
"WHO,
French
l '
W. German Unity
By J. M. ROBERTS JR.
Associated Press Foreign AVir Analyst ,
THE voters of West Germany, speaking with a unani
mity unheard in a major European country since the
war, have called on France to put up or shut up about the
.organization of a European Defense Community.
' The Republic of Western Germany appeared, after the
overwhelming re-election of the Konrad Adenauer regime,
almost in the guise of a new country. Certainly it was a
new force in Europe.
This new West Germany was one country which knew
what it wanted.
Economics
Stork Means Business
The stork is getting more than
ordinary attention these days.
Several of the old props that
have kept business booming at
peak levels are fading.
What were these props? Chief
among them were government
spending for defense, pentup
consumer demand for new cars
and hew homes, and the ex
penditure of huge sums on plant
expansion.
With these factors now losing
some of their urgency, the North
ern Trust Co. of Chicago points
out, business is staking its future
on basic, permanent influences in
the economy of which the stork
is by no means the least impor
tant. One of the strongest such
supports right now, is "the urge
to supply the newly created
wants of a growing population."
Bumper crops of babies the
nation now has 65 per cent more
children under five than it did
in 1940 mean stepped up de
mand for new housing and new
schools, higher food consump
tion, increased use of textiles.
The textile industry isV cash
ing in on the baby boom right
now. Cotton mills are booked
solid through the first quarter of
1954. In the throes of its worst
uepressiun , ,u - ,id pUrp08eful Germany re
couDle of years ago. the textile,... '.:".. .
industry is coming back strong.
REPORT
or by big electrical companies;
it was developed by new, small
industries now grown to gigantic
size.
j
B-Z-Z-Z-Z B-Z-Z-Z
If you're bitten by a mosquito
cn your front lawn it s probably
your own fault, according to
Baltimore Health. Commissioner
Huntington Williams.
Williams explained that mos
qui toes seldom range beyond
100 yards of the water they
were born in. And the one. that
stung you on your lawn, he
said, was born, grew up and
unless a strong wind comes
along will die within a 100
yard area.
10 Total Transfusions
Doctors. in a Capetown, South
Africa, hospital declared they
saved the life of a 3-year-old
boy by changing the entire
blood contents of his body 10
times in four months. Two of
the "total transfusions" were
made in one week.
me boy suriered irom a
malady which attacked the liver
and gall, bladder, causing in
ternal hemorrhages. The boy
was first given treatment last
February and physicians said
the turning point came two
months ago. Now only cortisone
treatment is required.
MET
Now Fear
It wanted cooperation with
the West and particularly with,
the United States, which has
played such a large role in the
new republic's sensational post
war economic recovery.
It wanted EDC, with German
participation, underarms, in a
common defense front against
Communism; a front which one
day might be able to help her
reunite with East Germany now
under Russia, and get back Si
lesia from the
Poles.
It wanted
no truck
either with
neo-Fascism
or Commu
nism in . do
mestic poll
tics. I It wanted
and got, a sta
ble govern-
ment capable
of dealini
affairs both al
J. M. Roberts, Jr.
with German
home and abroad without having,
to worry constantly about po
litical peccadillos.
Effect en France
The result was taken at first
as a big boost for EDC. It showed
the support not just of official
Germany, but pf the people.
On second thought, the im
pact on France was in doubt.
Would France decide that
quired incorporation in a united
Europe to make sure that old
dangers would not : be revived
by her resurgency?
Or would France move to
scuttle EDC, toward which she
has grown increasingly cool, in
fear that Germany would even
tually wag the whole dog?
The first question is the line
of the French Internationalists,
formerly led by Robert Schu
man and now by Georges Bi-
dault. The second is that of the
DeGaullists and the traditional
ists. i
Traditional Fears
The French could fear, and
quite plausibly unless they took
concrete steps to offset it, that a
stable Germany, with a unified
people, in the front line against
Russia, might replace an un
stable France as America's No. 1
ally in Europe.
It seemed clear that a ma
jority of the French Parliament
would be happy over the Ger
man election returns. The two
countries now are ruled by par
ties which are very close kin.
They were happy at the weak
ness revealed by the German
Neo-Fascists. :
They were happy at the de
feat of those who want the Saar
returned to Germany and who
opposed the near-agreement of
Adenauer and the French on its
''Europeanization."
The Vital Saar
It was believed in Paris that,
with the campaign over, Ade
nauer was in a position to go
ahead more confidently, and that
a Saar solution was possible.
This is a French prerequisite
for ratification of EDC.
In this respect, at least. It
seemed probable that the EDC
treaties would be placed before
the forthcoming session of the
French Parliament with some
thing like full government sup
port, although it was known
that Premier Laniel, bedeviled
by a host of French domestic
problems, was not too enthusias
tic about taking on more trouble.
Germany already: has ratified
the treaties, through some pretty
shifty parliamentary footwork
by Adenauer. The action could
now surely be repeated in the
Bundestag even if opponents
should be successful in their
court challenge of the original
action. . j
A Dire Alternative
The influence of ! the United .
States will be felt heavily in
France when the debate opens.
Already there has been talk of
dropping EDC and going ahead
with a bi-partite rearmament of
West Germany. It'l only been
talk. But Trance has heard. To
her, such a thing would be a
catastrophe. She wouldn't ac
cept it lying down even if both
Britain and the United States
gave her ironclad guarantees
against a German about-face.;
But the big question in France
at the foment is still, "Who will
wag the dog?"
mm
MIX Rights tUtrvdAP Nrwtjtaturti)