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4 CSac. 2) Ciatssmaeu Sc&m, Or Thxnu August 13. 1SS3
i FTcshington Mirror
Senators Wan I
LdokMeyi
Flood Controls
. : By A. ROBERT SMITH I
Statesman Correspondent J
WASHINGTON-i-A iroup of
U. S. senators is planning a ton?
plans to begin a tour of the Pacific
I Northwest, Saturday at Boise
Idaho, that will bring them up
the Willamette Valley for a loo
at flood control projects. !
They are all members of the
Senate Public Works Committer,
I which next year -may draft an
'omnibus flood control and river
and harbor authorization Dili
Chairman Edward Martin (R-Pa.)
will head the group, accompanied
by five of the other1 10 members
of the committee. iThey are Sen
ators Francis Case R-S. D.), Pre.
eott Bush (R-Conn.), Dennis Cha-
e (D-N. Mex.) Spessard He
land (D-Fla.) and John Stennt
M- i ffp MWm J iff
The only Pacific Northwest
member of the committee, Sea,
Wayne Morse, did not sign up la
the trip because! it conflicted
with a speechmaking schedule
elsewhere, a committee pokef
man explained.
To See Colombia River
The committee's itinerary ; in
cludes overnight stops at Bois.
Walla Walla, Spokane, Seattle
and two nights at Portland, be
tween which they expect to tra
vel up the Willamette probably
Aug. 19 or 20. They will als
take a look at the Columbia Rivef
out to its mouth ; while in the
Portland area, for a project rek
cently approved by the Corps of
Engineers would require deeper
ing the river's channel. f
I Included in the inspection tout
will be a flight down the Snake
Hiver Sunday morning for i
glimpse of Hells' Cany on$
which has been the key rat
lying point of many a senate
speech this past session of Con
gress. The committee also ex
pects to observe progress on Mel
Nary dam, which is Hearing com!
pletion near Pendleton, and t
look at the site of Ice Harbor
dam, near Walla Walla, whicS
has been a controversial project
in Congress for some years be
cause of objections raised by fish
ing interests. Repi Walter Norl
blad (R-Ore.) and others hav
thus far successfully deferred it
construction. Later in the week
the senators will visit AlbenJ
Falls Dam near Sand Point, Idaho!
The trip will end in Alaska
with a five-day survey of public
works projects the government
shares in financing.
New Flood Control Bill f
The senate excursion coincides
in purpose with one of the House
Public Works Committee, whici
vnir begin in New, England and
work its way across: country via
Niagara Falls and the Great
Lakes to the Northwest Whil
this is the season! for junkets!
these two journeys lend encouii
agement to the prospect that 4
new flood control bill will bj
forthcoming in 1954. I
Sen. Martin is serving for th
first time as chairman of this
committee whose importance i i
outweighed by none on Capitol
Hill as far as Northwest resource:
development is concerned. He ii
reported to be one of those whose
inclinations are to defer construct
tion of public works projects un
til a recession or worse comes
along. I
The . 74-year-old i Pennsylvania
lawmaker is an attorney by pro
fession but spent much of hi
lifetime working up from private
in the army to major general.
Martin is conservative to a point
that puts him somewhere to the
right of President ; Eisenhower-4
and yet he is one of the conser
vatives whose record in the past
session of Conkress uepst
willingness to follow, the presi
dent's lead rather than thwart It
as some nave oreferred. f
Heard Dewey Plea
It was Martin"s committee
that heard Gov. Thomas E. Devr-
!
f
This Was No -Junk Yard in 1920
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: TUrtv-tbree vears ax this picture f the State Highway Commission's main repair shops East State
Itreet, Salem, showed some of the thB up-to-date kighway construction machinery sed in pioneering the
building of the state's atgnway system, lime nas reuea aiong. luregon siaie uignway uomnusuoa pnoio;
Missionaries Braye Arrows, f
Bring Gvilization to Savages
RIO DE JANIERO WVIn Braxil's jiingles, a small army -of white
men pit good intentions against arrows to bring civilazation to dan
gerous backwoods Indians. ! , .
Scattered from the Mato Grosso to the Atlantic, khaki-clad
agents of the Service for the Protection of Indians (SPI) work by
the motto: "Die If Needed. Never KilL" In 43 years of taming In
dians, SPI agents have lived up
to the slogan more than! once.
Agents of the Service have one
objective to prepare Indians
for full Brazilian citizenship. The
government wants natives to
think of themselves as Br
first, Indians second.
Armed but Won't Kill
SPI men are armed. iBut they
are instructed never to use their
weapons against Indians. They
gamble with their lives to win
implicit trust for the !good in
tentions of the government If
an agent is murdered by sus
picious Indians, there is no re
taliation. When trouble breaks
out between tribes .the Service
tries to mediate the dispute, keep
hostile groups apart
Author of the policy is Gen.
Candido Mariano da Sflva Ron
don, who determined Brazil's -Indian
Service would void the old
North American Wild Westcode
that "the only good Indian is a
dead one." Now 87, and' proud of
the part-Indian blood in his own
veins, Rondon heads the Service's
policy-making board.
Gama Melcher, director of the
Service, .estimates most of Bra
zil's almost 500,000 Indians live
in peace. But he admits there are
"incidents" in the hinterlands.
In the past 10 years, Indians
ey plead against a bill which
would permit five private utili
ties to develop for electric ener
gy the famous Niagara Falls.
With Eisenhower's endorsement.
Dewey favors development by theJ
New York state power authority.
To defer action on the private
utility bill,, which had already
sailed through the House, Martin
announced that hearings on the
matter would have to be extend
ed into the session that begins
next year.
On the other hand, Sen. Mar
tin is author of a bill to de-authorize
Libby dam in northwestern
Montana a badly needed stor
age project in the comprehensive
plan for developing the' Colum
bia basin. It is opposed by the
Great Northern Railroad which
inspired the Martin bill
Northwest colleagues are hop
ing Martin's visit to the region
is an instructive one. !
have, slain five missionaries. Ex
plorers and rubber hunters occa
sionally disappear, victims of
small raiding parties. Tribal par
ticipation in organized assaults,
says Melcher, has not been re
corded, in modern times.
Whenever reports of murder or
aids by Indians clack over the
wireless in SPI'5 Rio headquart
ers, the Service 'moves quickly to
put an agent on the spot to eon
tact the tribe and start the civiliz
ing process.
First step is the establishment
of an "attraction post" in Indian
country. This takes skill, diplo
macy and, above all, courage. It's
the most dangerous part of the
whole civilizing; procedure,!
Agent Sets Oat :
; The agent strikes out into the
bush and keeps going until he
gets a warning, lit may be an ar
row I that plunks into a nearby
tree.! It may be only a movement
in the underbrush a sign he is
observed. It is the signal for the
agent to stop where he is. ;?
At this point the agent stand
ing alone in the midst of unseen,
hostile watchers, makes a ; sign
of peace. If nobody appears, he
lays out gifts and departs. i
Later he comes back, with a
native interpreter if he can get
one, :He goes through the 'same
pantomine again. Sooner or later,
curious tribesmen make ah ap
pearance to find out what the
agent is up to. The first, critical
step Is completed. (
The next chore is 4o gain con
fidence. The agent assures the
Indians the government in Rio
stands ready to guarantee their
land against transgressors if they
will promise not to leave it
This usually is satisfactory to
the Indians. In time .an SPI post
is established on the spot If the
tribe, is big enough and the area
shows signs of; commercial im
portance, a primary school, in
firmary and farm instruction sta
tion are set up. :
The Service regulary cooper
ates '.with the Brazilian air force
and Commercial airlines by hack
ing out emergency landing strips
in dense jungle. The airlines, re
luctant to route big ships, over
wild j territory, thus find it poss-
Surrender j
Ends Search
For Killers
CARTERSVILLE. Ga. UFi
Facing soldiers' rifles, two men
hunted as desperate killers gave
their pistols to a hostage Wednes
day and surrendered meekly to
answer charges of murdering a
federal officer. i
The men and their captive had
lived tnrougn four days and nignts,
hungry, thirsty and miserable in
a bush-shrouded ditch from which
they were afraid to flee because
of searching planes and prowling
posse men.
Herbert Juelich, 25. and Lewis
Larson; 31. two longtime lawbreak
ers from St. Paul, Minn., actually
ventured only about two miles on
foot into the Northwest Georgia
hills after abandoning a stolen car
near Adairsville, Ga.. Saturday
afternoon. j
Forced at pistol point to ac
company them was Georie r. ,i
tower, 34, of Nashville, Term., dep
utized as a special guard to help
Sam Vaughn, a U. S. deputy
marshal from Murfreesboro. Term.,
to drive the two men from Nash
ville to Atlanta's federal I peniten
tiary to start serving 5-year auto
theft sentences. I
Vaughn, 54-year-old father of 13
children, was killed by five bullets
from his own pistol as the party
drove along a highway near
Adairsville in mid-afternoon Sat
urday. His body was kicked from
the car and the fugitives drove
away only to abandon the car a
short distance away and take to
the hills.
ible to chop miles off regular
runs. '
Operating from 97 jungle posts.
SPI agents also take part in ex
peditions to chart and open up
unexplored areas.
Indians are employed in these
and other projects around a post
They sometimes are paid in cash,
more often in goods they want
Punishment of Indians is left to
tribal law. The Service never in
tervenes. In worst cases, a native
may be banished from the post
This amounts to banishment from
the tribe.
Diaper Rash
Quick relief foiio
Rrsinol Ootmrnt. Specially ned
ctrt. ruk m Umdim. it aootbc
Mu-tinf ukm m it helps to heal,
ftcami Soap cleanaes mOr. Ut both.
RESiriOL VVtZZl
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