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Off
Ebb of Communist
Power May Be Near
i By WILLIAM L. RTAN
Associated Press Foreign News Analyst
nHE economic facts of life have caught up with Com
A munist rulers and a combination of fear and frustra
tion may soon have heads rolling throughout the empire
The prospective meeting of the Big Three foreign min
isters in Washington cannot come too soon. In the light
of what has happened in East Germany, Czechoslovakia,
Hungary, Poland and inside the Soviet Union itself, the
West urgently needs to re-examine its approach to the
major issues 01 the day.
f The situation contains innumerable possibilities, all the
way from a headlong retreat of
the Communists to the outbreak
of a general war. All these pos
sibilities must be examined care
fully before the West, in concert,
can go ahead with its planning
for the future.
Civil War Possibilities
The possibility that events
like the revolts in East Berlin
and East Germany can lead to
a German civil war or to frat
riciaal war
fare in. other
satellite coun
trieshas not
been lost up
on leaders on
either side of
the iron cur-
, tain. Such a
development
could be the
, spark on the
powder keg
that could set
off the explo
William t. Ryari
sion of World War III.
The Soviet press has already
indicated the Kremlin is quite
aware of this possibility. It
probably is just as chilling and
distasteful an idea for Moscow
as it is for any western capital.
The idea could well be the
reason for the long list of con
cessions offered to the East Ger
man people to curb their wrath.
The concessions could easily ex
tend to lopping off the heads of
the most hated Communist lead
ers of East Germany Commu
nist Boss Walter Ulbricht, for
example and to the sudden
demise of Red bosses in other
satellite countries,
Kremlin Shows Frustration
The angry and abusive out
pourings of the Kremlin, char
acterized by an extraordinary
three-column editorial of vitu
peration on the front page of
Pravda last week, reflect Krem
lin frustration. The Moscow
leaders are impaled on the horns
of a dilemma. If they give in to
the wrath of the Germans, they
show weakness in the regime of
Premier Georgi Malenkov. But
give in they must, taking a long
chance that the East Germans
can be kept in control there
after. Their campaign to neu
tralize Germany through the
' lure of hopes for reunification is
too important to be discarded in
favor of brutal suppression in
the East Zone.
But signs of weakness are
dangerous for the Malenkov
regime. Already there are reports-of
the German defection
spreading to Poland, Hungary
and other areas of the satellite
empire. Under Soviet orders,
Communist leadership is being
tightened all .along the line.
Communist bosses are being
brought to bdbk for economic
failures which produced the
mass popular discontent, even
though the real blame lies with
Moscow and its enforcement of
the program of heavy industry
throughout the empire.
If what happened in East Ger
many was symptomatic of con
ditions elsewhere in the Soviet
captive empire and this be
comes more likely with each
day's dispatches the Soviet
Union would have reason to be
fearful. .
Threats Loom
1 Such situations carry the
threat of vfar, but the Kremlin
would be aware that more than
a half million troops in its satel
lite empire would be unreliable.
Moreover, the situations carry a
threat to the Moscow regime it
self. It requires no penetrating an
alysis to disclose a very real fear
' of war among the Soviet people,
fed all these years by Soviet
propaganda - and nourished by
the memories of the last war's
horrors.
It is just as evident that the
Moscow regime, none too secure
at home,"is not too trustful of its
own army leaders. There has
been an insistent campaign in
the Soviet press to convince the
people that "heroes, generals
and statesmen should not be
glorified, that it is only the peo
ple themselves who make his
tory. Throughout the campaign
is an indication of nervousness
with regard to the Soviet army's
potentialities.
An army revolt against Com
munist power in the USSR need
not necessarily start within So
viet borders. The well trained.
disciplined troops outside the
Soviet borders also could con
stitute a threat, should the right
" hero come along to lead a
military uprising. It is not at all
beyond the bounds of possibility
that the troops in East Germany
could be so led in time of crisis.
Another Possibility
Such thoughts might well
prove a deterrent to Moscow.
But the West could hardly bank
upon such developments. Should
the prospect of civil war loom
clearly in Germany, the West
would be obliged to assume that
Soviet troops would remain
loyaL The possibility of World
War III would become very real.
The foreign ministers confer
ence will be vitally important.
If ever a solid front against the
Kremlin was needed, it is now,
when the Communist world
gives every evidence of being
caught off balance.
a unitea western iront now
would stand a good chance of
success in keeping the Commu
nists on the backward run. If
economic conditions in East Ger
many, Eastern Europe and even
Communist China are going to
be alleviated, there must be a
decided effect upon the Soviet
industrialization program and
the Soviet timetable. There will
even, in all likelihood, be a
strong economic effect within
the borders of the USSR itself,
to say nothing of the political
impact in the subjugated Soviet
republics.
Unquestionably, the western
foreign ministers will examine
all these possibilities most care
fully, perhaps with rising hopes
that the ebb of Communist pow
er is at hand, brought about by
Communism's own self-devouring
mechanism and without the
horrors of a new war.
News Brief s
Reported: by the Aircraft In
dustries Association, that sched
uled airlines have carried more
than 166 million passengers
since passage of ithe Air Com
merce Act in 1926.
Changed: by the White House,
the title of James B. Conant
from U. S. High Commissioner
in Germany to ambassador. The
chiefs of the West German dip
lomatic missions in Washington,
London and Paris also were
raised to the rank of ambas
sador. Announced: by the Defense
Department, that more than half
the men who entered military
service since the Korean war be
gan are still on active duty three
years later.
Disclosed: by the Japanese
ministry of transport, that Japan
hopes to begin its first commer-
ciai air rugnis across me facinc
in November. i
EX-PRESIDENT TALKS WITH
Private citizen Harry Truman
rSsv. I - -r '- ;-J':s
tms weeic ne snooK nanas witn caDDies, posea lor camera fans
and had a good time for himself. , i
It probably couldn't happen anywhere else but in America.
More than one New York hack driver might have said to his wife:
"Bumped into Harry Truman on 43rd Street today. Nice guy."
But in one sense it was just like old times. Mr. Truman was
talking politics and Republicans were tali in e back.
In his first formal speech since
vte ciuzen Amman cnaiiensea Duaget slashes by the Eisenhower
IS IT LOADED?
ARTS
Music Note
The boss of America's music
makers, James C. Petrillo, sel
dom goes in for diplomacy. But
he plans to take a fling at it dur
ing his current European visit,
Petrillo wants to talk to Den
mark's King Frederik IX about
some long-hair phonograph re
cordings the king makes from
time to time. The recordings
have Mr. Petrillo ruffled because
they sometimes find their way
into U.S. radio stations.
So, Petrillo will drop in on the
king and ask him to promise not
to permit the use of his record
ings for commercial purposes.
It will be just a heart-to-heart
talk, says the American Federa
tion of Musicians chief.
Science
Armed with 30,000 hypodermic
needles and 15,000 syringes, doc
tors this week threw a million
dollar punch at the serious polio
outbreak in Montgomery, Ala.
It was the first mass attack on
polio with the scarce anti-polio
serum gamma globulin.
The serum provides immunity
for only four weeks, but doctors
hoped it would get the highly
susceptible younger children
through the worst of the sum
mer polio season.
The Office of Defense Mobili
zation flew in 67 gallons of gam
Dates
Monday, July C
i Adlai Stevenson arrives
Vienna for special tour.
Tuesday, July 7
j Dr. Milton Eisenhower ex
tends South American fact
finding tour to La Paz, Bo
livia. J Thursday, July 9
Stevenson flies to Berlin.
Saturday, July 12
j Parliamentary elections,
Lebanon.
HARRY
NEW YORK CABBIES
took in the sights in New York
leaving the White House, pri-
CARTOONISTS VIEW
Vm. etw
AND SCIENCES REPORT.
ma globulin. The National Foun
dation for Infantile Paralysis
provided the hypodermics,
syringes and other equipment
and footed much of the estimat
ed $1,000,000 inoculation tab.
Emergency centers for admin
istration of the injections were
set up in 12 white and Negro
schools in Montgomery. Long
before the hour the centers were
scheduled to open, lines began
forming.
Health authorities and Nation
al Foundation officials empha
sized the gamma globulin tends
only to ward off polic paralysis,
but does not prevent the disease.
Authorities hoped to cut the
incidence of polio in Montgom
ery by 80 per cent with the in
jections. The National Foundation an
nounced, meanwhile, that a mass
test of a new polio vaccine on as!
many as a half million U.S. chil
dren may be undertaken this
year.
The vaccine developed by Dr.
Jonas Salk of the University of
Pittsburgh will be used if the
experiment is carried out. Basil
O'Connor, director of the Foun
dation, said the vaccine had
shown enough promise to war
rant such a large-scale test.
Under the tentative program,
a half million children would be
Church Disavows Reds
Delegates to the World Meth
odist Convocation on Evangel
ism in Philadelphia were con
cerned over, allegations the
churches have been infiltrated
by Communists. (See "Educa
tion,") Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam
challenged critics of the church
to "name one clergyman who
holds a position of large re
sponsibility in any Protestant
Church who is a member of the
Communist party."
Bishop Oxnam previously has
taken issue with Rep. Harold
Velde (R-Ill.), chairman of the
House Committee on UnAmeri
can Activities, Velde stated last
March it was "entirely possible"
his committee might look in-
(AllRighttR3Tvtd,APNewtftatuTtt)
TRUMAN STEPS
TRUMAN OBLIGES AN
administration and blamed what
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the GOP for cuts in the Mutual Security program.
. The ex-President delivered a warning against lower taxes at
the expense of security. I
Republicans reacted immediatelySaid one high GOP official:
"Mr. Truman is back at the old stand soft on economy, soft
on money and soft on communism."
Other Republicans asserted the Eisenhower administration
would provide a "better defense" than the Truman administra
tion.; j '
TWO THORNY ISSUES
1 f iHPL vj
IT'S NOT THE
given the vaccine and a similar
number would get something
else. Should the test be under
taken late this year, results
could not be known until the
fall of 1954, O'Connor said.
This year is shaping up as an
other heavy polio year perhaps
the heaviest, but 1953 may pro
vide the final answers in the
fight against the disease.
Education
A study of 522 school systems
in the U. S. shows teachers tend
to veer away from controversial
issues in the classroom because
of apprehension over Congres
sional investigating committees.
Results of the study were re
ported this week at the annual
convention of the National Ed
ucation A-ociation in Miami
Beach
The convention's key note'an affiliated membership of 950,-
speaker, Dr. Walter F. Tunks.!000.
rector of St. Pauls Episcopal
Church, Akron, O., said:
It may be that communism
has filtered into some of our
schools and churches. WhateverJ
screening is necessary should beij
done locally by those to whom
the schools and churches are re
sponsible, rather than by Con
gressional committees too far
removed from the facts and too
to Communist infiltration in
churches.
In a recent speech in the
House, California's Republican
Rep. Jackson declared Bishop
Oxnam "works for the Lord on
Sunday and for the Communist
front the rest of the week."
Oxnam, without naming ei
ther Velde or Jackson, told the
Methodist convention the charge
of Communist infiltration in the
church "is the refuge of scoun
drels." The convocation marked the
250th anniversary of the birth of
John Wesley, founder bf the
Methodist church. It also sig
naled the opening of a six-month
drive by 40,000 Methodist
churches to enroll 250,000 more'
members 1,000 for each year
since Wesley's birth. I
OUT ON THE
1
AUTOGRAPH SEEKER
he called a "reckless" .wing of
j I
Alxmn4mr, NiilWWkM fvaaia (
WEATHER
often actuated by partisan poli
tics." He labelled the "recklessness
of those who defend freedom by
ways and means that are in
themselves a denial of freedom"
the real threat to the American
way of life.
Other educators emphasized
that children "cannot be reared
in a vacuum and be expected to
become competent in citizen
ship." Dr. Martin Essex, superinten
dent of schools at Lakewood, O.,
urged school boards to develop
orderly procedures to deal with
"false super-patriots and fear
groups that militantly prevent
free inquiry.
The convention also took up
the teacher shortage, building
needs, finances, and enrollment
increases. The association is
I made up of 450,000 teachers and
Quotes
Lt. Gen. John W. O'Daniel,
commander-in-chief of U.S.
ground forces in the Pa
cific: "The war in Indochina
is in the process of being
won, thanks to the develop
ment of a Viet Nam army
and excellent cooperation
with the French."
Oscar Castelo, acting de
fense secretary of the Phil
ippines: "If the Communists
decide on large-scale war,
they could make a rapid
southward sweep of Asian
countries. We may find our
selves in a situation similar
to the darkest days of 1942."
Sen. Alexander Wiley,
chairman of the Senate For
eign Relations Committee:
"The Soviet Union which
appeared to be so strong,
which seemed magnani
mously to be tossing noble
concessions to the West, is
now shown to be a des
perate, fear-ridden giant.
The powder keg of sub
jugated, peoples could blow
sky-high over night." '
TOWN
1 4
TAKING THE MORNING CONSTITUTIONAL IN MANHATTAN
But Harry Truman had pit on a controversial issue even
among Republicans. There was little doubts the Democrats planned
to glean ammunition from the defense budget fracas on Capitol
Hill for iise in next year's crucial Congressional elections.
The criticism already had been offered! that the GOP adminis
tration was planning to meet possible Soviet attacks on the U. S.
with a well-balanced budget. '
Republicans have sliced the
about 41 billion dollars to 36 billion.
U. ib . Likely to jCeep
Atom
Its
By J, M. ROBERTS, JR.
Associated Press
mHE dautioui reaction of
A thatithe government is
ml I .
f I
Disaster
Worried livestock men and
farmers 'sifted tjie drought-dry
soil of West Texts through their
fingers. I The fjurrows where
plants should haye been growing
were fillifd with sand. Grazing
land for dairy cattle was dry and
cracked. There had been no rain
for morejthan ajmonth.
Secretary of Agriculture Ezra
Taft Benjson made a tour of the
stricken Sarea, djrew up a four
point prbgram !of government
help an promjised immediate
aid. j
The gfcvernment program is
designed to head off financial
ruin fori ranchers and farmers
by: . I J
1. Maying , available cotton
seed and! other food byproducts
for herd$ and flocks to eat "at
prices producers can afford to
pay." j i
2, Lowering jrail rates to
drought areas.: "We've got to get
the livestock and the feed to
gether," SecretaW Benson stated
3. Planning for a stepped-up
buvine troram of meat and
lower grade livestock; This
would be a molve to get lower
grade liestockj into consump
tion, not storage,.
j 4. Working oiit some method
for emerjgency fcredlt, using ex
isting agencies ?s far a possible.
Following urM the Benson pro
gram, al'drought disaster relief
act" wasl introduced in the Sen
ate which would authorize gov
ernment! loans I to farmers and
stockmes at foir pec cent inter
est and would provide .for fed
eral purchase qf feed and other
supplies i for resale to iarmers
President Eisenhower allocated
eight million dollars in emer
gency ritlief ijo 152 drought-
stricken J-countifes in Texas end
40 in Oklahoma shortly after the
disaster neasure was introduced
in the senate. .
j
Business
I !
The bfiisinessi outlook for the
second Half o 1953 is bright.
Businessmen stjill say there are
no signs of a recession just'
around the corner,
Government 4 economists say.
DUSinessiwui ptCK. up in ine ;
after suynmer . mass vacations
-1 t . 1 . L 4-11
and plant repairs are completed.
A 13 pei cent increase over last
year's expansion of plants and
equipmeht is planned.
Defence spending will con
tinue high. Jobs will be at a
peak thi summer but may be a
little esi plentiful by the end of
the year! The cbst of living may
be a little easier to bear.
Auto production may face a
slowdown by fall. It hit a record
high in fhe first half.
Home jbuilding may also slow
down a jittle. j
- f
h
Trumans defease budget from
stranglehold on atomic energy isr inausinai purposes sug
gests thkt the government is going to be the principal
developer for aj long time. - j j
Congressional hearings this week; brought out the idea
that since onty a few private interests afe capable of
financing reactors and the other work involved, lettirig any
one in dn the jground floor now. would creite the) grav
risk of Establishing a great new monopoly bf the future
Ri
ants
New Analyst
private enterprise to the
news
about ready to telinquish its
Jj..i 5 . .
whirh wnnM fi arttialttv nm
based oh an original expenditure
by the whole people. I .
It was also a fact that pone of
the interests deemed capable of
taking the plungf had indicated
any firm intention of putting up
$100-125,000,000 for the purpose.
Study Groups Formed
In order to get jthe private de
velopment idea tinder scrutiny,
the Atomic Energy Cotnjmission
several months ago formed five
study groups from selected in
dustries. j
In general, the reaction as re
ported to executive sessions of
the Joint Con
gressional Atomic "Ener
gy Committee
seemed to re-
volve
c o n t
around
inued
government
coope
ration.
Some
wanted
the govern-
ment jto -help
finance proj
ects. Some
tvonttH
guaranteed market for Jplutohi
um which would be produced as
a part of power projects. Some
wanted the benefits of continued
government research in the pow
er as well as. in jthe explosive
field.' . -. I'
The AEC apparently started
from the premise that there was
a good precedent in the radar
and other electronic work jlone
by the government during the
war as a militafy measure and
then thrown open to coijnmercial
exploitation afterward.
Atomic Investment
But the people ot the United
States I have already . jmade a
twelve billion dollarinyestment
for atomic development, and
there was a growing feeling that
the government should remain
in a position to get back; as much
of it.as possible i it ever begins
to show ommerspial prbfits.
.Nobody knew when this might
be (though 10 S years! seemed
about the average guess) nor
whether there would actually be
any great profit involved. But
there was a hunch thajt it just
might, one day, be the means of
relieving BOme if the nation's
great tax burdenj i
Secretary of the Intejrior'Mc-
T." i.l j A 1 - l
rvy iw ,mc vongressio?iai com
mittee that benefits of jthe gov-
ernment s research should be
spread jover as wide a
field 'at
possible, meaning both large i'nd
small business. But small busi
ness had no way' of getting in,
Under Secretary! of .Commerce
Walter; Williams sand Rep. Dur
ham (D-NC) wenjt on frjom there
to how the government .could
retain a profitable financial in
terest in the processes. And that
note caught jthe fear o a good
many who were! following the
hearings. .
Ownership Theory
The idea as broached that
the government should continue
as the developer until the sys
tem was past the stage where;
such tremertdoas investment
were necessary n whtt might
prove to be only experiments,
and until lopreredj costs lot enter
irg the field, would jinvite a
broad instead of ia very limited
section of industry. '
There was little idea that in-; .
dustrial uses .of atomic energy1
should, remain a government
monopoly, with government op
eration of power plants and the
like after that' becomes Economi
cally feasible.! j 1 1 . I
But there was ft growing idee,
that the government should re- '
tain at least jthe rights that a
private! inventor would retain'
under similar circumstances.
Defe
nse
The United States still is dan-.
gerously! vulnerable to I atomic
attack,! defense mobilization of
ficials say. . " j r j ' , '(!
Chief danger Is the intense
concentration of Population and
industry in a few metropolitan
areas. The top 1$ metropolitan
areas contain 30 per cent of the
total population and 40: per cent
of all f manuf act tiring j employ
ment The situation, says one de
fense official, is "in open invited
tion to attack." j !
The Quickest rejnedy he says,
is for city defense planners to
organize so efficiently they will
be a hi a to develrm a mavimum
iimmumrv from enemv attack.
HMMikieUMIi
i. M. Roberts, Jr.
)!
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