WSo Constefcs 'Clival' -Sub IPoueB ; IPIanSs " "WASHINGTON (P)-The United States has "rival atomic sub marine power plants under construction, r " Theoretically one rould be smaller than its competitor while pro ducing equal energy. It also could be more hazardous to operate, stopping just short of being a potential atomic bomb. This device is to be called the submarine intermediate reactor sir POU N DC D 1651 i SIR. It is now. under construction 102nd YEAB 2 SECTIONS 30 PAGES Th Oregon Statesman, Salem, Oregon,-Sunday, August 10. 1952 PRICE 10c No. 138 Dtp RiCDGDQa ' It's getting that time ol year again time to think about schools. In another month the vast machin ery ol the school system will re sume alter the summer recess. The wonder is that it can renew acti vity with a minimum of clanking and cranking. The schools, especially the pub lic schools, are very much with us. They absorb so much of the lives of children, and so much of the taxpayer's dollar, that there is no escape from thinking about them. And one of the summer's articles to stimulate that thinking is "An Dncn Letter to Teachers." written by a western educator, Prof. Paul Woodrine of the Western Wash ington College of Education, Bel- lingham. " ttis approacn is auier ent. Instead of taking a posture of defense, shield on his arm and sword raised to strike down, a foe, Woodring welcomes critics of the schools into his library, listens to them and then makes some val uable suecestions to members of the teaching profession. The ra tional critics (not the victims of phobias) -offer these -complaints: ' 1. That the public schools in a democracy belong to the people but that professional educators have progressively preempted the responsibility for policy-making. 2. That the philosophy of prag matism (or instrumentalism or ex- nerimentalism) which has come almost completely to - dominate educational thinking in "the Uni ted States, is unacceptable to a large number of Americans. On the first point Woodring says that while teaching methods may be left to the teaching profession, the public through its schoolboards (Concluded on editorial page 4.) OA f . Tt U LiUIUlIUC J CIS Downed by U.N. In Six Days SEOUL. Korea (fly-The Korean war raged with new intensity Sat urday as Allies and Reds traded heavy blows on land and in the air. : . Carrier-based British warplanes shot down a MIG-15 jet within 50 miles of the 38th parallel. U. S. F-86 Sabre-Jets nailed a MIG in Northwest Korea. That brought the Red toll in six blistering days of air combat to 20 destroyed and 22 damager. B - 29 Superforts plastered the .worm is.oreaii capiiai wiui iu-iou bombs in a continuation of pound ing attacks on prime military tar gets throughout the country. On the ground, the Communists fired 21,688 rounds of artillery and mortar in what may have been their heaviest bombardment of the war. The Communists hurled more than 13,000 rounds from their big guns in a bitter but vain attempt to regain a hill on the Central front. However, the Allies otherwise lost eight planes last week. Four were shot down by Communist an-ti- aircraft fire and four were missing from "unknown causes." The six days of daily dogfights and the: longest since an 11-day lod last year, Nov. 26 through HAIL DAMAGES CROPS PRINEVTLLE (JF) Grain, bar ley and potato vines were damaged by hall in Central Oregon Friday night. The loss was generally light, although some growers in Deschutes and Crook Counties were hard hit Soapbojr iebv Winners lake Trial Huns at Mron AKRON, O. (P)-One Ohio youth and two others from mid-Western states were favored Saturday night for Sunday's 15 th annual All American Soapbox Derby. Although no official times were kept in the warm-up tests, rail birds with stop watches picked three cars as the ones to watch. They were driven by John ny Fageol,-Ravenna-Kent, cham pion, Vic Shepherd of Flint, Mich., and Roger Zerman, a St. Louis lad who calls his racer "the flying ironing board." The weather man forecast ideal weather for the big race which will follow 81 heats. The three boys left will compete for first prize of a $5,000 four-year college scholarship. - Oregon entries are Philip O. Snoop of Astoria; Richard G. Reeves of Medford and Douglas H. Adams of Salem. - Scheduled to arrive here Satur day night were four Derby boost by the General Electric Co. at an AEC-owned site in West Milton, N. Y. - ' Started; Sooner Its "rival," farther advanced be cause work was started on it soon er, is to be called the "submarine thermal reactor" (STR). It is be ing built by the Westinghouse Electric Co. at the AEC's reactor testing station in Arco, Idaho. The Navy already has laid the keel of the USS Nautilius, th sub marine which will house an ajomic power plant of the "STR type. It has ' authorized construction of another sub which eventually will be equipped with an "SIR" model. The fact that construction plans are already settled even before land-based models of the power plants - have been tested is a strong indication that the Navy and the AEC figure both types of power plant will work. But neither agency'.- has given a tip-off on whether it considers one type more promising than the other, i Plants Differ The two projected power plants differ in certain atomic character istics specifically in the type of neutrons or atomic particles, which will be employed to generate pow er. i Neutrons given off by atomic splitting can be either "fast" or "slowed down." The proposed submarine' inter mediate reactor will employ neu trons of "intermediate" speed. The rival submarine thermal reactor will employ "slow" neu trons. The slower your neutrons trav el, the better are your chances of sustaining a "controlled" reaction, but your "slow neutron" - power plant has to be much bigger than one operating with faster particles. U.S., Britain To Confer on ! Iranian Crisis ' WASHINGTON (JFhThe United States and Britain, will seek a new approach to the Iranian crisis In consultations beginning Monday or Tuesday on Iranian Premier Mo hammed Mossadegh's latest pro posal for oil negotiations with the British. j The question is: What to do about Communist-threatened Iran and how to strengthen the unpre dictable Mossadegh's government i as the best means of saving the ' country from the Russian bloc. It is the foremost problem facing Secretary of State Acheson upon his return from the Pacific secur ity conference in Hawaii. -i . Information from top official forces here and initial reaction of London authorities is that Mossa degh's unexpected note to London on renewing oil negotiations makes a completely unacceptable proposition. ; f He would eliminate the British government from the talks and do business on an unequal basis with the British-controlled Anglo-Iranian Oil Co. He would also set up a list of Iranian claims for payment by the company which would virtually wipe out the company's own claims for compensation for prop erty seized by Iran In March of last year. Arnall Hands, Resignation To Truman ! WASHINGTON (ff)-Ellis Ar nall's resignation as price stabil izer has been given to President Truman but whether it will be ac cepted immediately depends upon the price outlook, it was learned Saturday night. - Arnall, who has headed the Of fice of Price Stabilization since February, carried his resignation with him when he called on the President last Wednesday. Both Truman and Arnall de clined subsequent comment on the resignation. I Arnall wants the President to relieve him by Sept. 1, he has told mends, so he can return to his law practice and other business interests in Georgia. ers from Salem, Ore. William Byers, assistant director! of that city's derby; District Judge Val Sloper; and Lester Green and Wayne Hadley, both of the McKay Chevrolet Company of Salem. They were flying in Hadley plane. j The Salem, Ore., entry, who made a successful trial run of th Akron course Friday, will start in lane 1, heat 42. There will be 53 heats for the initial 153 en trants. Douglas' parents and broth ers are here with him. The grand parade will start at 125 dju. (10:25 a.m. Salem tim1 Sunday, with races to follow. Many radio siauons wiu broadcast all o the latter cart of the races. foe luA ing KSLM, Salem (3 pan. Salem time). The Adams family, travel- ing Dy car, win leave Akron Mon day morning for New York and "Washington, D.C, thence west ward to Yellowstone Park noma. T;'.", Vc and my Ike Favors Social Security Expansion ':'.;.' Stevenson to Seek to, Curb Filibuster DENVER (P)- Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower called Saturday for expansion of the social security program to cover an additional 14 million persons and for increased old age assistance grants. And the Republican presidential nominee was reported by three Republican members of the House to be much interested in their sug gestion h that the scandal-ridden Internal Revenue Bureau be re moved m from jurisdiction of the Treasury Department and given independent status. The three Congress members, also discussed the social security program with Eisenhower, and the general later issued this statement: "I am particularly concerned about the present inadequacies of the social security law and feel strongly that the law ought to be extended ' to present uncovered persons. Problem ef Aged "One of the pressing problems in the field of social security, both on the merits and security, are the old folks. They have contributed so much to America and we have a respon sibility and obligation to see that they receive adequate protection in their old age. M MI would support and press for adoption of legislation designed to lighten the burden of the high cost of living on our senior citi zens." James C. Hagerty, Eisen hower's press secretary, said the general had in mind increased old age assistance grants in talking about easing the financial burden of senior citizens. I Federal, State Funds ! Those grants -are made up of a combination of funds from the federaj government and the states. Kean said the general's state ment regarding expansion of the social security program applied to 14 million individuals presently not covered by the program. j In that group, Kean said, are professional people, migratory farm workers, some part-time household workers and several other categories. Before the conference with the three House Republicans, Eisen hower's headquarters announced that the general will fly to Boise, Idaho, Aug. 19 for a campaign conference with the Republican governors of 10 Western states, including Douglas McKay of Ore gon. Bullet in Head, Blood Donation Makes Man Weak LOS ANGELES 1yP)-r-A hard headed young man,; Joseph Nicks, 21, Saturday survived a shot an inch from his brain fired by a service station attendant whom he allegedly held up. Sheriffs officers said Nicks re mained conscious and even probed for the bullet with his pocket knife while waiting for the am bulance. Nicks gave up when he was hit. Officers found him still standing when they arrived. They suggest ed he sit down. To which, they said, he replied: "Yeah, I'm pretty weak. I gave a pint of blood last week." Mercury Climbs To 91 Degrees . A high temperature of 81 de grees at 4 p.m. Saturday, 'consid ered mild by many Salem residents after recent temperatures over a hundred, still managed to. bring perspiration to numerous brows. The Salem Weather Bureau at McNary Field promises a slightly cooler Sunday with a high temper ature of 85 predicted, preceded by early morning cloudiness. 1 New Demo Chairman Formerly From Oregon HOOD RIVER (IP) - Stephen Mitchell, new Democratic National C6mmittee chairman, lived here as a boy 9 or 10 years old. His father, Stephen, was presi dent of the Hood River State Bank from 1912 to 1913. The family moved away when the bank was sold to the Butler Banking Co. Max. - tl Mia. ! Prectp. 57 i .M 61 .00 55 i trace Salem Portland San Francisco 91 67 ?s 73 Chicago 67 - : 1.60 67 I - M titmt York s Willamette River -J icex. I FORECASTS from U. S. Weather Bu reau. McNary Field. Salem): Clear to ri iv and tonient except tor onei morn ing cloudiness. Cooler today with the highest temperature near 65. lowest to night near a, .temperature at uai a.m. was si aecree. SALEM PRECIPITATION Slate Start f Weather Tear Sept. I This Year Last Year . 4&M Normal j KM Two-Year-Old 1 Boy At Silverton Runs Car Into House Statesman News Service i SILVERTON Tw-y ear old Terry Dennis, son of Mrs. Walter Kenfield, went for a ride In his mother's 1948 'parked - Bulck and ran into a neighbor's house, badly catting up the garage and front porch. The neighbor, Armond Hovland, ' waa away for a vacation when ; the accident occurred late Sat urday afternoon. Mrs. Kenfield had Just left the ear in front of the bouse, and reported taking the - key from the lock. Bat the youngster, she said, fitted a second key Into the ear, stepped en the fas and was off, riding in a standing po- . sltion and seemingly enjoying himself until the car i crashed Into a cement block connected with the Hovland home. Terry escaped with gash over one eye. Police Plea : Awaits Verdict By City Council Decision of whether th rwinlf will be permitted to vote on the SUbiect Of a 40-hour lr tnr Salem city policemen or not rests in the hands of the City Council to be aired at their Monday meet ing. , : - ; ' . City police have beenattempt ing to gain permission to get this proposal on the November ballot A ruling by City Attorney Chris J. Kowitz Sr. Friday informed the police mat it was illegal for them 10 engage in political ; activity by circulating netitionsL Th! nu tlon isn't entirely solved. By pe tition tney need 2,500 . signatures before Aug. 20. f The bill Calls fnr rnlnr-tlnn the policemen's work-week from a 4-nour to a 40-hour week and seeks a SDecial tar lew nt two mills to pay the salaries of addi tional oficers that would be nec essary to hire. This is said to amount to about $64,000 a year. Found on Rock In Mill Creek A woebeeons and htmirrv -,iUa was returned to its master Satur day after some time spent on a rock near the middle of Mill Creek m tne 2000 block on Mission Street, and two a $10 reward for finding him. xne aog, answering to the name of "Laddie," was discovered on the rock, from which ha 1X7 A a ATI. parently afraid to leave, by Janet cnapei iz, 01 365 S. 24th St, and a friend, Gloria Miller; age 10. City police were able tn rhvW4Vio dog's tag and call the owner, R. G. jvans 01 lieo Evergreen Ave., who came to the scene and had to carry the nearly starved dog to his car. Evans had reported the dog missing almost a week ago. How the doe sot to th rorV why he chose that spot to spend ms vacation or how long he had been there were some unanswer ed questions. PORTLAND BOY DROWNS PORTLAND (flVRobert Cooper, 15, of Portland, drowned in the Columbia River Slough Saturday after yhe stepped into a deep hole while wading with two . compan ions. Sheriffs deputies .recovered the body. - . ; Missing Doe Panhandler Jailed After Police Find His '52 Lincoln. Chauffeur EL PASO, Tex. Willie the panhandler complained bitterly about business Saturday from in side the El Paso city jafl. Willie full name Willie Cob ins was picked up on a downtown corner at his regular ' trade of mooching nickels and dimes. Around the corner officers found Willie's 1952 Lincoln sedan. Inside catching a few well-earned winks was his $35-a-week chauffeur, Billy Hill, 18. Willie's business complaints had to do with his recent frequent change of address at the request of officers. He and his entourage departed Oklahoma - City -last Thursday after a brief stay. Be fore that they were in Dallas. "This sort of thing aint good By The Associated Press Gov. Adlal E. Stevenson was represented Saturday night as likeU to use his influence, if elect ed President to curb Senate fili busters and then try to find some way to bar 'racial discrimination in hiring. The appraisal of Stevenson's po sition on civil rights came from an authoritative source, who declin ed to be quoted by name, at his headquarters in Springfield, 111. It bore out the impression which re porters in daily contact with the governor since his nomination have gained, j Such a position would put Stev enson somewhat closer to that of President Truman on civil rights than he has thus far publicly stak ed out-for himself. 5, If it is borne out, and the source was in a position to know Steven son's views, such a stand seemed likely to touch off new friction in the South, whose leaders by and large have indicated so far they are more pleased with Stevenson than they were with Truman four years ago. Southern members of Congress regard as the. most objectionable phase of Truman's civil rights pro gram the proposal for a fair Em ployment Practices Commission which would have authority to en force its orders against racial dis crimination in hiring. The Springfield source also de scribed Stevenson as feeling that he could make a substantial reduc tion in the federal budget within two years and probably cut taxes. The Illinois governor was also said to regard Eisenhower as a formidable contender whom he does not underrate. The source said Stevenson in an old political phrase is "running scared." 250 at Meeting Oregon Socialists at a meeting in Salem Saturday night failed to have the . required attendance in order that their candidate might be placed on : the ballot for the November presidential election.. Some 35 people heard Darling ton Hoopes, Socialist Party candi date for president in his address before the Salem group at Bush school. The independent nominat ing assembly had hoped to have the 250 qualified voter attendance required by Oregon law to offi cially nominate Hoopes for presi dent on the Oregon ticket In his concluding remarks Hoopes urged 'that "it's time for the people to take over, in active participation in their own govern ment He asked that more people join the Socialist crusade for the cooperative movement Oregon State Fair Budget Put Under Finance Bureau ! ' m- 'i Placing the Oregon State Fair! operations under the same state budgetary control as other state activities was announced here Sat urday by state finance depart ment director Harry Dorman. ' Dorman said this action was meant as no reflection on the state fair management or opera tion of . previous state fairs. "On the contrary," Dorman said, "I feel that all state departments and activities should be on a common budgetary basis." A member of the -finance de partment staff will be at the fair grounds during the 1952 state lair to countersign all checks issued for prizes and other purposes. for business," Willie moaned through the bars. "People reading about that ole Lincoln of mine, they gonna think I'm a million aire. . , "Cops all the time arresting me that's bad for business. Also I got a big overhead $35 a week for this boy to drive me to work and payments on the car that runs about $143 a month. I gotta keep" working to make - money enough to pay otlr When- Willie is begging for charity he pushes his withered body along on a wooden cart by hand. Hill told Dolice that his first day's "take" in Oklahoma City was about $64. Verdict: 'Guilty of Murder' By Conrad Prange Staff Writer, The Statesman A Marion County Circuit Court jury decreed Satur day that Albert William Karnes, 24 -year -old con vict, should die for the slay ing of Mrs. Susan Litch field at her 1333 Waller St. home June 7. The iury returned the verdict of murder in the first degree against the slender Karnes in the fifth day of trial and Judge George Duncan set Tuesday at 10 a.m. for official sentencing. According to Oregon law the verdict automati cally carries the death penalty. In arriving at its verdict, first such conviction in this county in many years, the Jury of eight women and four men turned down Karnes' plea of innocence by rea son of insanity. Relatives Weep When jury foreman Frederick R. Manegre read the fate-sealing ver dict Karnes maintained the same stolid expression he has shown during the course of the five-day trial. His mother, Mrs. Roy War ren of Astoria and young sister, Miss Arvella Karnes, who have attended the entire trial with other relatives, broke down and wept in the courtroom. The solemn jury showed the gravity of the decision when it returned the verdict and Jurors objected to having their pictures taken by photographers. After the verdict was read Judge Duncan ordered the Jury polled. To the question of the clerk as to whether they concurred 'in the verdict each juror answered, "yes," some in fal tering voices. The jury deliberated about three and one-half hours and reached its decision about 2:45 pjn. Flea for Leniency Before it began its deliberations Saturday morning the jury heard an eloquent ,plea for leniency from Karnes hard-working attor ney John William Stortz, who was appointed by the court to defend Karnes. Stortz's closing argument dealt mostly with attempting to nail down proof of Karnes purported mental deficiency. In a voice which often dropped to a low, al most pleading pitch, Stortz asked the jury to consider a verdict other than the death penalty. He also insisted the state had failed to prove either premedita tion on the part of Karnes or that Karnes committed the murder while robbing the Litchfield home. Ate Sandwich Stortz pointed out how Karnes had delberately prepared and eaten a sandwich in the kitchen of the Litchfield home only min utes after he had slam the woman. "Are those actions those of a sane man?" he asked the jury. District Attorney E. O. Stadter Jr- who introduced an impres sive array of evidence, mostly based on Karnes' admissions to officers, pegged Karnes as a "criminal with a plan. "You have here," Stadter told the jury, pointing to the impas sive Karnes,! "a master criminal, a planner and a schemer of foul deeds." Stadter added that the defendant was "not insane, he just doesn't have good sense. But that should not excuse him from the consequences of this act." . - At the outset of the trial Stadter asserted he was seeking the death penalty. Must 'Dethrone Reason' In his instructions to the jury Judge Duncan explained that not every degree of Insanity will ex cuse liability for a crime in Ore gon. He said there must be evi dence of insanity in the accused so strong that it "dethrones rea son" and renders him "incapable of knowing right from wrong." Probable climax in the - trial came Friday when defense wit ness Dr. B. F. Williams, psychia trist who examined Karnes, ad mitted .under cross - examination by Stadter that even though Karnes is "emotionally imma ture," he is not insane. The doctor also said Karnes was capable of determining right from wrong. Karne's conviction ends a dra matic chain of events which began Sunday, June 8, when the brutally beaten body of Mrs. - Litchfield was discovered t in the woodshed of her home by : Harold Shell, a roomer. v Ended at The Dalles With very few positive clues to operate with city and state police began an intensive search for the unknown killer. The search ended 1Q days later in The Dalles when tall, slim Albert Karnes confessed to the Litchfield slaying. (Addi tional detaila oa page 2.) - s ' to Karnes Aims Blow at Camera 'Y. First marked expression of emotion shown by Albert William Karnes Saturday when bis picture waa taken a few minutes after hearing the jury return a guilty verdict for the slaying of 81-year-old Mrs. Susan Litchfield June 7. De tectives were forced to restrain Karnes as he lunged for the photos- rapher seconds after the shot. Man at far right was not identified. (Statesman Photo). 'Bert Had a Fair Trial,' Karnes9 Mother States By NORMAN ANDERSON Staff Writer, The Statesman -j Mrs. Roy Warren sat in a chair in the courtroom of Judge George Duncan Saturday afternoon and heard a jury pronounce her 24-year-old son, Albert William Karnes, guilty of the murder of Mrs. Susan Litchfield. v ! For five days the Astoria housewife listened except at brief in tervals as testimony piled upon testimony to draw a web around her son's life. Saturday the jury,! bv 1 its - verdict, ordered Karne's life taken from him. Tint interviewed in the hall of ho school Buildine iust after the jury went out to deliberate at Tr1 -.a 1U.OU BJTI., sars. lvalues was As signed. Bert had a fair trial. After hearing all the evidence, I can take no exception to me veroici thev will reach. But he's my son. All I prayed for was his life." She tola ine statesman in an interview that she was deeply grateful to District Attorney Ed ward O. Stadter, Jr., for his court room courtesy, both to her and her son, to Judge ueorge uuncan tnr nrnvidin? her with a room in the building to which she could retire when her emotions became too much for her in the courtroom. She expressed her deep appre- Hatlnn tn Detective David M. Houser in the manner in which he guarded the condemned man. "Not once, Mrs. warren saia, Uiri h let me see mv son in handcuffs. IH always be grateful to him lor tnat." . As she stood quietly in the hall some three hours before the jury found Karnes guilty as charged, Mrs. Warren, attired in a grey droM her vpu' dark-rineed and face pale, showing the strain of the week-long trial, was cairn ana antliwlv in rnntml of herself. She fully expected "the rendering of the verdict to M i personal or deal for her. : Mn matter what the 1urv does to my son, I shall be everlastingly grateful to Bill stortz tJonn Wil liam stortz. Karnes youthful at torney). He did everything he possibly could to save Bert's uie. I could ask for no more from him. He's a very line young man." SEES STABLE PRICES PITTSBURGH - Fred C. Heinz, president of the National Canners Association and vice president of H. J. Heinz Co., said Saturday he believes canned food prices will . remain relatively stable, v '.' . - ' - ' Western International At Salem 12. Lewtston 11 (10 inn.) At Victoria 5-7. Wenatchee 0-11 At Tri-City 0-4. Spokane 1-3 At Vancouver 6-S. Yakima S-6 " . Pacific Coast League At Portland 2, Oakland 5 . . . At Los Angeles 9, Hollywood 1 (11 - inn.) - ' r At San Francisco S. San Diego 4 At Sacramento 3. Seattle 4 - H 'American League At Chicago 1, Detroit t , At New York 1. Boston 3 (10 Inn.) At St. Louis S. Cleveland 1 At Waahinston-PhUadelphia, rain , National League At Philadelphia 0-2. Brooklyn " i-4 At Boston 2. Mew York At Pittsburgh 4, Chicago J At Cincinnati 12, St Louia Die Q"rtf'& 1;.-; sc; ' 6- during his trial for murder was Wreck North of Lebanon Kills Albany Man Statesman Newt Senrict LEBANON An automobile ca reened off the highway Saturday night - about five miles north of . Lebanon killing the driver in stantly, and sending two others to Lebanon Hospital. Killed was Arthur John Backen, 28, of Albany. Violet Halvorson of Oslo, Minn., had both legs broken and after being taken to Lebanon Hospital was rushed to Portland by ambulance for emer gency treatment. Frank Chambers of Marion received a broken col--lar bone and cuts. The wreck was described by ' witnesses, as "one of the most grue- - some seen for some time." The car ' took out several guard rails in an attempt to make the corner on , Highway 20 and rolled over and over 100 yards before cleaving a' telephone pole. . " ee GivesUp After ; Lengthy Hike Penitentiary escapee Alfred Neilsen, who weighs 260 pounds, grew tired of running away Sat-; urday night after spending 2M ' days biking from Salem to th Jefferson area, so he phoned War-' der Virgil 0MaUey to come and . get him. . 1 ; " " CVMalley picked him up about 9:30 p.m. at the Santiam Bridge on ' 99-E, nine miles north of Albany., nn.. 2 a w.j ..t xi.2 . t a ine cuiivici uau eaieu uuuiiag uui berries since he escaped from a bean-picking crew at the prison ' annex Thursday afternoon. Neilsen. 24. Is serving an eJcht- vear sentence far uidomv. Irgn Soloris Stall 'Dictator' Law , TEHRAN, Iran W) ' Iranian senators unexpectedly balked Sat urday at a bill granting Premier Mohammed Mossadegh almost dic tatorial powers. They put off final , action until the premier "dears up doubts" and tells them exact ly what he plans to do with those powers. The bill which would per mit Mossadegh to rule nearly ev ery phase of Iranian life by de cree for a six-month period - Hefty Escap