Eyes on
J. Malik
New Fair Trade Law
Aims at Price Wars
PRESIDENT TRUMAN this week signed a "Fair Trade" law which
its supporters claim will protect the small businessman.
Opponents of the measure say it is a blow to anti-trust laws and a
spur to Inflation. They predict it will cost the nation's consumers two
TT0d W(mE) W
JACOB A. MAIJK has been .the
key man in several major So
viet moves in the United Nations.
He did the muscle work in pre
liminary talks which led to the
ending of the Berlin blockade in
1949. He was also the man who an
nounced Soviet and thus Red Chi
nese and North Korean willingness
for a cease fire in Korea a year ago.
At United Nations headquarters in
New York this week, many eyes were
turned once again on chief Soviet
delegate Malik. His vacation in the
Soviet Union already was overdue.
He created the impression of a man
a waiting .important orders.
Some highly placed U-N. officers
expressed the feeling that a peace in
Korea however nervous it might be
- could come to pass. Such an armis
tice would fit into place a section in
the puzzle of Soviet world diplomacy.
Far Eastern Expert
Malik is an expert in Far Eastern
affairs. He came to the United Nations
as chief delegate for the U.S.S.R. four
years ago and was on hand for sev
eral great developments in Korea. It
was just after his arrival that the
U.N. Assembly recognized the Repub
lic of Korea as the legal government
This paved the way for the ending of
U.S. occupation in South Korea. Malik
then nursed North Korean complaints
and allegations through many a
stormy U.N. session that culminated
in the war in June, 1950.
The impression now is that Malik's
tenure with the Soviet delegation is
almost over. Malik reportedly has his
ye on the post of first deputy foreign
minister, held until recently by An
drei Gromyko. Malik's return to Mos
cow could imply a retreat into watch
ful waiting by the cautious element of
the ruling politburo.
The Korean war has been costly to
both Red China and the Soviet Union.
The Kremlin may regard it as no
longer worth the trouble. Communist
China already is making much of a
program of building for the future,
and the Soviet Union itself has much
to accomplish in that direction before
it could risk a new world war.
Quotes-
Adm. William M. Fechteler,
U.S. Chief of Naval Operations:
"The United States Navy now is
large enough to take calculated
risks until we can go into full
mobilization."
Winston Churchill, explaining
in the House of Commons that
the Red Dean of Canterbury, 78
year-old Hewlett Johnson, had
to be tolerated as part of the
price for free speech: "Free
speech carries with it the evil
of all the foolish, unpleasant,
venomous things that are said,
but on the whole we would rather
'suffier them than to do away with
them."
Arms
Super-carrier
The keel of the world's largest war
ship has been laid by the Navy in
Newport News, Va. At normal con
struction rate, the 60,000-ton carrier
Forrestal will be ready to join the
fleet in late 1954.
The ultra-modern, flush-deck car
rier is designed to launch and recover
atom-bomb carrying planes and heavy,
swift jet fighters to provide for its
own protection against enemy attack.
First of two of the class which
Congress has authorized the Navy to
build, the Forrestal will cost an esti
mated 218 million dollars, excluding
cost of 100 planes.
The ship will have a flight deck
1.040 feet long. 252 feet wide. Its
' island" structure can be retracted to
provide an unobstructed flight deck.
The Forrestal also will have: A
speed probably above the 33 knots
rated speed for the present largest
carrier, the 45,000-ton Midway; a bow
completely enclosed up to the flight
deck, to thrust aside the biggest
waves; television to give the crew
eyes for steering and navigating the
ahip when- the bridge is retracted; ex
tensive compartmentation of the hull
to keep the ship afloat even if hit by
several torpedoes.
The new carrier is named for the
late James Forrestal, the country'
first Secretary of Defense.
Sidelights
In New Haven, Conn., the county
farm bureau reported it was so hot in
nearby orchards that apples baked on
trees.
In London, Dr. Warren K. Sinclair
advised doctors with mustaches, like
his, who work with radio-active ma
terial, as he does, to brush over their
whiskers once lightly with a geiger
counter every day before heading
home to the Mrs. "There's no telling
what might happen if you kiss your
wife without removing radio-active
dust," warned the doctor.
In Moultrie, Ga., things were hec
tic for awhile after the sergeant of
police lost the keys to the city jaiL
The institution's one inmate, suffer
ing the torments of a hangover, wait
ed patiently for freedom while the
search went on.
(All Rights Reservtd. AP Newtftatumi
DEMOCRATS SEEK
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RICHARD RUSSELL
ROBERT S. KERR
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WLLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN knew how to say no to would
be President-makers. His classic "I will not accept if nominated,
and will not serve if elected" left no doubts in anybody's mind.
Gov. Adlai Stevenson, of Illinois, also knows how to say no but
he has trouble making it stick the way Sherman did. As the Demo
crats prepare to take over political center stage in Chicago, specula
tion about Stevenson's availability for
the presidential nomination still is
rife.
For five months, Stevenson has re
peatedly said he is running "only for
re-election as governor of Illinois."
Asked if he would run if drafted,
Stevenson replied:
"No politician can say he would
refuse a draft. But I have asked Illi
nois delegates not to put my name In
nomination and I hope others respect
my wishes."
An Acceptable Candidate
President Truman reportedly favors
Stevenson, but some party bigwigs
say the Illinois governor has been so
coy about: running that Truman may
switch to W. Averell Harriman or
someone else.
Stevenson would be acceptable to
the South because of his middle-of-the-road
position on the civil rights
issue. In addition, he would be an
NEUTRAL
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AVEJtEU HARRIMAN
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ESTES KEFAUVER
ALBEN W. BARKLEY
attractive candidate for Labor and
the big city voters because of his good
record in Illinois. His past reluctance
to come out swinging in an all-out
fight for the nomination has hurt him
with" Democratic leaders, however.
The upcoming Democratic Conven
tion will be the most wide open affair
in 20 years. The magic number is 616.
That's how many votes a candidate
needs to win the nomination and none
of the 20 hopefuls now in the field has
anywhere near that number.
Candidate Standings
Tennessee's Sen. Estes Kefauver
leads the field in pledged votes and
known first ballot preferences. Geor
gia's Sen. Richard Russell comes next,
followed by Harriman.
Other avowed candidates are: Okla
homa's Sen. Kerr, whose chances for
nomination are slim; Vice President
CORNER
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SAM RAYBURN
Alben Barkley, considered too old by
many observers; Connecticut's Sen.
Brien McMahon and Minnesota's Sen.
Hubert Humphrey, favorite sons, and
Speaker of the House Sam Rayburn,
who says he is available in the event
of a deadlock.
President Truman has said he will
not reveal his choice for the nomina
tion until his alternate, Thomas J.
Gavin, Kansas City councilman, casts
the President's first ballot in the con
vention. Truman to Hospital
Gavin arrived in Washington shortly
before President Truman entered
Walter Reed Hospital. The President
cancelled all appointments and was to
see no one, including Mr. Gavin, at
least for the time being.
The President's admission to the
hospital may have a decided effect on
the Democratic convention. Demo
cratic National Chairman Frank E.
McKinney said in Chicago he would
respect the President's wishes in re
sisting a draft.
At a press conference in Chicago,
McKinney said that at a meeting with
the President July 13, Mr. Truman
CUSTODIAN OF THE BRANDING
t i ViIl &
HUBERT H. HUMPHREY
had "reiterated for perhaps the fif
teenth time" that he aid not want to
run. He quoted the President as say
ing: "I mean what I say. Fve served
my time. This is a man-killing job.
I don't want to, and you wouldn't
want to see me, be carried out of the
White House in a pine box."
At the hospital, the President s con
diUon was not regarded as serious,
and officially his admission was for
a "checkup."
Civil Rights Question
Another big question hanging over
the Democratic Convention concerns
the civil rights issue. Southerners,
lead by South Carolina's Gov. James
Byrnes, already have threatened an
other revolt if the Convention writes
a strong civil rights plank into its
platform as it did in 1948.
The President sayg there will be no
retreat on civil rights if he can help
it.
President Truman reportedly will
insist that the Democrats campaign on
an all-out "Fair Deal" platform as the
best hope of victory over Dwight D.
Eisenhower in November.
IRON
TRYING TO CATCH SOMEBODY, MISTER1
billion dollars a year by preventing price-cutting bargain sales.
Defense
Operation Skywatch
Around the northern, western and
eastern rims of the U.S. a volunteer
army scans the skies on 24-hour watch
against any sneak attack from Siberia
or across the polar cap.
This network of watchers, designed
to snare raiders trying to carry a
knockout atomic punch past radar's
blind side (low along the horizon and
in the shelter of hills and mountains)
was mobilized this week. The watch
is supposed to continue, night and
day, indefinitely.
Nerve center of the entire operation
is at Colorado Springs, Colo., head
quarters of Air Defense Command
The system works like this:
Watchers, equippea with binocu
lars, telephone any suspicious flights
to a filter station. The filter station
checks the spotters' reports with the
Air Force. If the flight still remains in
toe suspicious category, jet intercep
tors, on 24-hour alert, can be un
leashed for a look, armed to kill if
they find an enemy.
As the round-the-clock skywatch
got underway there were gripes and
complaints, most of them reflecting
bitterness on the part of some watch-
ers against a "let George do it ' atti- he urged Congress to make a thorough
tude by the public. review of the problem in the next ses-
One observer said: "The public sion beginning in January,
needs a bomb to wake them up." Truman pointed out that such price
Almost all stations reported lack of fixing as the law upholds would be
personnel. Some communities report- illegal under Federal anti-trust laws,
ed a shortage of facilities. In Maine, at least in interstate commerce, unless
some watchers remained on duty 10 Congress provided a specific exemp
to 12 hours at a stretch to compensate tion. Such an exemption existed in
for the shortage of volunteers. the Miller-Tydings Act of 1937, until
Officers of the Air Defense Com- the Supreme Court ruled the non
mand warned the skywatching opera- signers were not bound by the con
tlon will break down entirely unless tract.
more volunteers materialize. They The price wars that came on the
pleaded for another 350,000 people to heels of the Supreme Court ruling saw
fill the gaps. The aim is to have watch- some retailers selling certain goods
ers stand d-ty for two-hour stretches, below cost to attract customers who
would be expected to buy goods that
A I were not reduced.
l-QrOIOri XXICl Many small retailers made their
1 - we strong feelings on the price wars
. . t w i known to Congress and the controver-
Jets for Yugoslavia sial Fair Trade law was proposed
U.S. military aid extended in the The measure was opposed by the Jus
past to Yugoslavia has been baaed on tice Department and the Federal
the theory that Yugoslavia's chief role Trade Commission but both houses of
in case of war would be that of a de- Congress passed it by heavy majori
fensive ally, employing hit-and-run ties after long and angry debate,
holding tactics. The emphasis this
week was shifted from defensive to
offensive.
In Bled, Yugoslavia's summer capi
tal, U.S. Army officials informed Mar
shal Tito that he can count on greatly
strengthened American military aid,
including jets, tanks and heavy artil
lery, during the next year.
The decision to beef up Tito's mili
tary forces came after first-hand
checkups by UJS. Army officers of
Yugoslavia's military establishments,
troops and the use. to which American
equipment already delivered has been
put
Their findings mark a new peak in
U.S. confidence in Tito's administra
tion and its readiness and ability to
resist aggression.
Under the new plan, Yugoslavia's
armed forces will be strengthened so
they will be able to fight an offensive
as well as a defensive war in the
event of attack.
U.S. officials have known for some
time that Russia has been modernizing
the air forces of Hungary, Bulgaria
and Romania along Yugoslavia's bor
ders. The Soviet Union has supplied
these satellite forces with jet fighters
operating under direct orders from
Moscow.
Part of the decision to supply Yu
goslavia's air force with jet plane?
undoubtedly was based on this infor
mation.
The American military delegatio
also told Tito that U.S. dollars will b
used to strengthen Yugoslavia's mun
tions industry to enable it to produc
armaments it now has to buy frot
the West.
PARTY
SL.V
The background of the bill is this:
Under the fair trade laws of the 43
states that have them, a manufacturer
may fix the price of a trade-mark or
brand-name product ty making a con
tract with one or more retailers. Un
der the laws all other retailers in th
state, including those who do not sign
the contract, are required to sell the
product at the price fixed in the initial
contract
Court Upsets Authority
This price-fixing authority of th
Fair Trade laws in the 45 states was
wiped out on May 21, 1951, by a Su
preme Court decision that set off a
series of price-cutting wars.
The measure signed by President
Truman this week restores the price
fixing authority, permitting manufac
turers to fix retail prices on trade
marked or brand-name merchandise
and making it mandatory for mer
chants who refuse to sign such agree
ments to abide by them anyway.
The President indicated he signed
the measure with some misgivings,
declaring it was no "cure-all" for the
problems of small retailers and would
remove "some competitive force
which otherwise would operate to
hlp keep prices down."
Asks Congressional Review
The President added that "we have
not yet found the best solution." and
Dates
Monday, July 21
Democratic National Conven
tion, Chicago.
Tuesday, July 22
Oklahoma runoff primary for
six U.S. Representatives.
Wednesday, July 23
Anniversary of the establish
ment of the Salvation Army in
1865.
Thursday, Jnly 21
Pioneer Day in Utah, a legal
holiday marking Mormon settle
ments of 1847.
Saturday, July 26
Texas Democratic primary for
U.S. Senator; 22 U.S. Represents,
tives; Governor and other state -offices.
In Short
Broken: by the new superliner
United States, the westward speed
record across the North Atlantic set
in 1938 by the Queen Mary. The new
fime from England to the U.S.: 3 days,
!2 hours and 12 minutes.
Lifted: by the Government, controls
n nearly all canned and frozen fruits
nd vegetables.
Announced: the appointment of
A'alter J. Donnelly as United States
;Iigh Commissioner for Germany to
ucceed John J. McCloy, returning to
he U.S. after three years.
Named: commander of all United
Nations prisoner of war camps in Ko
rea, Brig. Gen. Haydon L. Boatner,
who broke up the mutinous resistance
of fanatic Communist prisoners on
Ivoje last month.
Requested: by Iran's Premier Mo
nammed Mossadegh, unprecedented
"owers from parliament to rule Iran
is he sees fit for six months and solve
he country's grave economic crisis.
Urged: by 53 Democratic congress
nen, a law that would let the people
cstead of national convention dele
gates, name presidential candidates in
pecial primary elections.
Launched: by the Justice Depart
r.ent, an investigation of 23 cable
rams telling of efforts by Chinese
Nationalist diplomats to influence UJS.
Far Eastern policy. The cables were
signed by Nationalist Chinese Em
bassy officials in Washington and)
vere addressed to Chiang Kai-shek
jn Formosa.
Re-nominated: U.S. Senator Harry
F. Byrd, 65 year-old bitter foe of
New Deal Fair Deal spending, in
Virginia's Democratic primary. Byrd
defeated his Oxford-educated oppo
nent, Francis Pickens Miller, by more
than 210,625 to 124,803. Victory in
the Democratic primary in Virgini.
is tantamount to election.
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