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"No Favor Sway Us. No fear Shall Au?"
From First SUtesmta. March 28. 1S31
THE STATESMAN PUBLISHING COMPANY
CHARLES A SPRAUUK, Editor and Publisher
Published every morning. Business office 2 IS 8 Commercial. Salem. Oregon. Telephone X-244L
Entered at the postofflce at Salem, Oregon, as secaod clasa matter under act of eoniTeas March 2. 1S7&
Road System of the Incas
The Romans were the superior roadbuilders
of antiquity. Some of their roads and bridges are
in use today; and the principles of road engi
neering they developed still are regarded as
valid. But they were not the only roadbuilders
of history. The Incas of South America had 10,
000 miles of paved roads which extended from
the border of present - day Colombia through
Ecuador and Peru clear to the border of
Bolivia. One highway roughly paralleled the
coast; another traversed the mountains of the
interior, with numerous interconnecting roads.
Bridges across rivers and mountain chasms were
made of six-inch fiber cable, tied to masonry or
stone anchors, with a flooring of wooden laths
which were covered with coarse matting. One of
these, the bridge of San Luis Rey, broke its
cables and dropped those travelling across it to
their deaths in the river gorge below an in
cident which Thornton Wilder developed into a
novel, using the name of the bridge for its title.
As described by a writer in the July Scientific
American, the Inca road system was not just a
series of jungle trails. Instead:
"It was built broad, straight and solid, and it
carried a heavy traffic: llama trains laden with
produce and tribute and gold, soldiers on their
wa to guard or extend the boundaries of the
realm, relays of messengers trotting from one
center to another on a schedule not unlike the
pony express of the American West."
In its construction the engineers ignored all
obstacles and ran their lines over the shortest
route. They crossed marshes on causeways, used
balsa pontoons for crossing lakes, threw bridges
across gorges and climbed over or tunneled
through rock walls. Much of the road was built
at an altitude of 13,000 feet. Labor was con
scripted from the villages along its route. Way
side houses weft dotted along the roads for rest
and refreshment.
All this in a country which did not know the
secret of the wheel!
The Spanish conquistadors found the road sys
tem. They brought in horses and carts and the
thin paving couldn't stand the punishment of
Tie heavy traffic (they should have levied a
weight-mile tax and built roads to carry the
burden). Remnants of the roads are still visible
however and parts are still in use, adapted, of
course, to modern requirements. This forgotten
road system is another of the wonders of the
age of the Incas.
750,000 family units hold shares of stock in
American corporations. Some of the big corpo
rations like American Tel and Tel number their
stockholders in the hundreds of thousands.
This does not tell the whole story, for corpo
rate bonds and stocks are held in enormous vol
ume by insurance companies, pension funds,
non-profit institutions. The benefits they re
ceive really flow to millions of people holders
of life insurance policies for example number
over 100 million. Not only does this spread of a
share in the capitalist system brace the system
politically, but it distributes the profits of that
system among the multitude. Profit is "social
ized" without Socialism.
Keeping Friends in South America
Secretary Acheson came back from Europe by
way of Brazil to make a friendly call on that
friendly country. Our South American neigh
bors are proud and sensitive people. They hava
felt since the war that their big U.S. brother,
was regarding them more as stepbrothers in tha
American family. For Instance while the United
States poured out $5.7 billion in aid to its allies
in Europe and $8.6 in aid to its late enemies,
and even $750 million to Russia since July 1,
1945 the 20 Latin-American countries got only
$210 million. They have felt too that we have
tried to beat down prices on tin and copper and
coffee, their chief exports to the U.S. So it was
time the secretary made a social (and political)
call.
Comparisons are not very dependable how
ever. After all South America profited enor
mously during the war and built up substantial
dollar and sterling balances. It suffered no war
damage so did not need the immediate rehabili
tation as did the countries of Europe and tha
Pacific. We must however be alert to holding the
friendship of South Americans.
Spread of Stock Ownership
The prospect of a stock split has pushed the
price of Southern Pacific stock past 80. This is
a great recovery from its low prices in depres
sion days when the stock hovered long at vari
ous levels under 20. But then the railroad has
made a remarkable recovery in earning power
from those same days when it skated close to a
receivership. Prior to 1929 when the stock was
paying $6 dividends regularly each year the
stock price was well over 100. There was no
talk of a stock split then. Why should there be
one now when the price is only around 80?
We may surmise that the reason is to widen
the number of stockholders. Doubling the stock
does not increase the value of the property.
Ownership of two one-hundredths of a business
is no more than owning one-fiftieth of it. But
more persons will buy stock if its price is $40
than will if its price is 80. That is why the pre
vailing range of stock prices run between 15 and
80 rather than between 50 and 100.
The reason for seeking wide distribution of
stock ownership is to tap the big reservoir of
wealth in the hands of the common people. No
longer do the rich have enough money to fi
nance the needs of industry for expansion. High
taxes peel off so much of their incomes their
take-home pay is too limited to buy up big gobs
of stock, especially after they pay the costs of
living in the style their families have accustom
ed themselves to.
The spread of ownership strengthens the capi
talistic system because more people have a stake
in industry and business as proprietors. The
Brookings Institute recently made a study of tha
distribution of stock ownership. It found that
about 6.5 million individuals belonging to 4,-
Fire Inspection in Homes
In his report for 1951 State Fire Marshal Rob
ert B. Taylor says: "Loss of life by fire again
maintained an alarming total of 70 as against
71 in 1950." It is alarming because this wastage
of human life is usually preventable if people
will only take precaution. Most of these fatali
ties occurred in residences and rooming houses
56 of them in fact. Here it is carelessness with
matches, with heating equipment or defective
flues or electric installations which is responsi
ble for most fires.
The Salem fire department, which for years
has done inspection service in commercial
structures, has begun a program of home inspec
tion both to seek out fire insecurity and to teach
householders how to avoid fire risks. This in
spection is not compulsory, but it should be wel
comed by every householder. The experienced
eye of the fireman can point out the exposures
which are apt to cause fires and prescribe rem
edies. Call up the Fire Chief and invite him to send
an inspector to go over your house this summer.
And make a periodic checkup yourself to see
that your home is guarded against fire. By com
mon effort the annual loss of 70 lives can be
reduced or even entirely eliminated.
Listening in on the GOP convention last week
was pretty much like following the baseball
world series. Because a person is almost bound
to have a favorite candidate or team he is deep
ly stirred emotionally as he follows the fortunes
of his favorite, up or down.
With Senator Nixon, the nemesis for Alger
Hiss on the Republican ticket perhaps the smear
artists who have tried to link Eisenhower with
Stalin Sc Co. will be effectively gagged.
Your Health
The crop outlook is for a 30 million bu. wheat
crop in Oregon this year. At the government
guaranteed price of $2.20 a bushel this will bring
in a tidy $66 million to Oregon wheat growers
most of whom live in Eastern Oregon (if they
haven't retired to Portland or California).
Wheat stands far ahead of any other field crop
(except hay and grass) in its economic importer-
to Oregon.
this preventing the spread of the
disease. Probably the disease
would recur extensively if gen
eral imunization were suddenly
stopped.
Herpangina a Child's Disease
MANY parents have been
warned, or have learned through
experience, that certain chil
dren's diseases tend to break out
in the summer. Thus they are ad
Awised to be on guard against
poliomyelitis at this season.
Herpangina is another disease
that . may attack a child in the
summer. It is fairly common,
though not so much is written
about It. It is usually highly con
tagious, and may be expected to
spread among children with the
approach of summer.
The chief symptoms of her
pangina are a bad sore throat,
with little blisters and ulcers
around the tonsils and palate.
The throat'appears very red, and
about five little busters can us
ually be found on the tonsil if
one looks carefully.
As a rule, this disease starts
suddenly with a high fever and
lasts for from one to four days.
A youngster may be expected to
lose his appetite and cry or com
plain because of hard and pain
ful swallowing. He may also
vomit his food. Another symp
tom to watch for is a pain in the
abdomen, which is common and
sometimes mistaken for appen
dicitis. Herpangina can occur in chil
dren of any age, and sometimes
has the appearance of the begin
ning of diphtheria.
We have learned a few things
about this desease in the past
few years that have helped us
understand it a little better. We
know it is due to a virus, a type
of germ that cannot be seen
through an ordinary microscope,
and that passes through filters
which stop most bacteria. How
ever, we can now see a number
of virus with the electron mic
roscope, a new and more power
ful instrument.
It has been found that the vi
ruses causing herpangina are
very similar to these responsible
for the so-called Cocksackie in
fection, which spread throughout
the country a yead or so ago.
If herpangina should strike
your child this summer, remem
ber that it is not usually fatal,
although it can make a child se
verely ilL
As yet, we have not found any
way to cure this desease. The
treatment the doctor usually fol
lows is for the sake of building
up the child's strength and pro
tecting him from possible comp
lications. This is very important,
and is ample reason for putting
your child under a physician's
care in case he contracts her
pangina. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
K.E.: Is it necessary to be im
munized against diphtheria?
Answer: Definitely yes. One
of the reasons why diphtheria is
not as prevalent as it was for
merly is the fact that people are
now being immunized against it.
Go Tropical; Scientific
Advice for Keeping Cool
By ALTON L B LAKES LEE
AP Science Reverter
NEW YORK (yF)-In a heat wave, one tip for keeping cool Is to go
tropical.
That means plenty of fruit and vegetables, light and loose clothing,
a sun helmet if you go out at noon with mad dogs and T g-lutTrrvn
an afternoon siesta if you can convince your boss.
Another tip, don't get mad stay mentally cooL
l he hints on health and coolness i
in summertime are recited by Dr.
Morris Fishbein of Chicago, well
known physician and author.
There are 14 points in this sum
mertime recipe:
1. Don't overwork.
2. Don't overplay.
3. Don't overeat.
4. Avoid fats and an excess of
sugars and starches.
5. Get plenty of fresh fruits and
vegetables. Vegetables and fruits
because we lose salts in perspira
tion. Fruit should be eaten at least
once and preferably twice a day.
Salt lost in perspiration also can
be replaced by using more salt on
foods, or taking salt tablets.
6. Avoid food that is not prop
erly refrigerated. Don't eat any
thing that carries the slightest sus
picion of being spoiled.
7. Avoid an excess of alcoholic
drinks.
8. Drink plenty of cool water,
but take iced drinks in modera
tion. Don't drink water if you are
Stamps In
The News
Congressional Quiz
The Safety
Valve
"Cussing the Democrats'
To the Editor:
The published comments of
leaders of the Oregon delega
tion in the Republican National
Convention regarding MacAr
thur's keynote speech give us
nothing conducive to ponderous
consideration, but they do in
vite a chuckle.
Senator Morse tersely said
the speech was "a flop."
Governor McKay said it
"didn't click."
Representative Hatfield evi
dently tried to really find some
reason for commendation. He
said that the speech was " an
indictment of the administra
tion, and that's what a keynote
speech is supposed to be."
As a standard political tenet
Hatfield's remark may be satis
fying to him, but it doesn't jibe
very well with his repeated de
clarations that the Republicans
must produce something con
structive instead of merely cuss
ing the Democrats.
A. M. CHURCH.
1400 N. Church.
Q What do broadcasters
think about having Uncle Sam
scan radio and TV output to
keep "offensive" program off the
air?
A Industry regulation of Its
own affairs is "infinitely better"
than any form of government
control, a spokesman for radio
and TV broadcasters June 28
told a House Subcommittee in
vestigating "offensive" p r o -grams.
But Rep. Joseph P.
O'Hara (R. Minn.) said that un
less programs and advertising
improved, government control
would be inevitable "whether we
want it or not,"
Q When does the Immigra
tion bill, passed over the Presid
ent's veto, become law?
A It became law immediate
ly after the Senate June 27 voted
57-28 to pass it despite the veto.
House overriding of the veto
came June 20 on a 278-113 vote.
However, under the measure's
own terms, the changes it calls
for do not take effect until six
months after it became law. On
June 25 when he vetoed the bill
revising the complicated immi
gration law, the President as
serted the legislation would per
petuate "inhumane aspects of our
immigration procedures."
Q How long after Congress
adjourns does the President have
for signing Mils?
A It works this way.
Whether Congress is in session
or not, the President has 10 dayi
after he receives the bill, not
counting Sundays, to sign legis
lation passed by Congress. If
Congress is in session and the
President declines to sign a bill.
It automatically becomes law. If
Congress adjourns during the 10
days, failure of the President to
sign results in a "pocket veto"
the bill dies.
Q Do Washington. D. C. po
lice serve as "private eyes" for
Congresamen T
A Former Washington Po
lice Chief Robert J. Barrett, who
resigned last year during a Dis
trict of Columbia crime probe,
told a police trial board June 24
that D. C. police frequently were
assigned to make investigations
for Senators and Representatives
"with no questions asked." Sen.
Owen Brewster (R. Maine) told
the board June 25 he paid a po
liceman $100 to $200 for expen
ses to investigate a man shadow
ing him.
Q I understand the law in
tended to keep prices down also
carries a provision to keep farm
prices up. Please explain.
A The new controls law, en
acted June 30, extends for 10
months the government's au
thority to control prices and
wages. But it also, in effect,
guarantees price supports at 90
per cent of "parity" for the 1953
crops of the six "basic" com
modities cotton, corn, wheat,
peanuts, rice and tobacco. The
same support level already is in
effect on 1952 basic crops.
Q Since the President was so
critical ml the controls Mil passed
by Congress, why didst he veto
A Mr. Truman said July 1
that had he not signed the bill,
authority to continue the defense
production and stabilization pro
grams would have expired. With
enough funds to administer the
act, and with no panic buying or
sudden worsening of the foreign
crisis, we may "get through the
next 10 months without serious
damage to the economy,' he
said. But he asserted that the
new law "forces us to take a
serious ga-nble."
Q The merchandise I sell is
already below ceiling prices. Do
I stOl have to go through the red
tape of reporting to OPS?
A No. The new controls law,
which took effect July 1, frees
sellers from complying with gov
ernment reporting requirements
on any materials or services be
ing sold below ceilings.
Q I notice Congress passed a
bill to keep National Guard di
visions on active duty for five
years. Will that mean longer
service for the boys In uniform?
A No. The legislation, ap
proved by Congress June 24,
does not make any difference in
how long individuals will have
to serve. It lets the military keep
the guard units themselves that
is, the designations, records,
colors and equipment for five
years, instead of two. Army of
ficials said this would save the
trouble and expense of setting
up new divisions to replace re
tiring divisions.
Q Why didn't the President
cut off aid to Italy after It ship
ped grinding machines to Ru
mania? A The President June 24 told
Congress he acted on the recom
mendation of Mutual Security
Director W. Averell Harriman
who said halting U. S. aid to the
Italians would "seriously jeo
pardize Italian participation in
our united effort." Under the
1951 Battle Act, any nation ship
ping war-useful materials to
Soviet-dominated countries' au
tomatically loses U. S. aid un
less the President determines
that cutting off aid would hurt
U. S. security.
Q Is the government consid
ering giving financial aid to
students?
A Oscar R. Ewing, Federal
Security Administrator, asked
Congress June 23 to enact legis
lation to provide direct aid to
needy talented students and a
loan system to others. The loans,
up to $600 a year, would come
from educational institutions,
with the government insuring up
to 80 per cent.
(Copy. 1952, Cong. Quar.)
033JJQ0
RJCDODDB
(Continued from Page 1)
reapjpointment of Thomas Bu
chanan, Republican, to the Fed
eral Power Commission. (Bu
chanan was the member who op
posed the FPC action exempt
ing some of the natural gas
companies from its supervision
on rates.) It rejected the plan to
reorganize the Post Office de
partment and take postmaster
appointments out of politics.
Truman failed to get the St.
Lawrence seaway accepted by
Congress; and the legislative
branch refused to enact special
legislation to authorize seizure of
steel-struck mills. Though the
House wanted to kill most price
controls finally Congress extend
ed the Defense Production act
after pulling some of its teeth.
Tax-conscious members of the
Congress made substantial slash
es in appropriations, cutting the
recommended budget by some
eight billion dollars. Five of
these came from defense budget;
one and one-half from foreign
aid. The President did win one
fight for substantial appropria
tions to the Atomic Energy com
mission; and members them
selves rejected proposals to cut
funds provided for soil conserva
tion and flood control. No tax in
crease was voted in spite of the
fiscal deficit.
This listing of the legislative
record is not complete. Com
mit tes of Congress put in a lot
of time with investigations. The
most important exposures came
in the investigation of the work
ings of the Internal Revenue
bureau under the probing of a
House committee. This led to a
shakeup in its personnel and
enactment of a plan for reor-
fanizing its administration. The
IcCarran committee kept whit
tling away a Owen Lattimore,
et al. but mostly it rehearsed old
Literary Guidepost
By W. G. ROGERS
THE ROAD TO GLORY, by
Arthur R. Thompson (Library
Publishers; $3.75)
On this national holiday it's
appropriate to call attention to
this book with the subtitle,
"Story of the Third Purple
Heart.' This "Honorary Badge
of Distinction" was established
in Newburgh in 1782, according
to General Washington's Orderly
Book. It was awarded to three
men only, and discontinued to
1932. The three original holders
were noncoms, all in Connecti
cut regiments, and the one whose
story is told here was Sgt. Daniel
BisselL
Descendant of Plymouth's Gov.
Bradford and of men who fought
in King Philip's War, Daniel,
the fourth in a row to bear that
name, was born in Windsor, in
1754. The son of a prosperous
farmer and selectman, he and his
family, too, realized the trouble
with England, though it centered
in Boston, threatened to develop
into general war. When the call
to arms came, Daniel enlisted,
served a term, returned home
and enlisted again. He was at
Brooklyn Heights, Monmouth,
where he was wounded, and
Valley Forge.
While camped at White Plains
in 1781, he was approached by
his colonel and offered a danger
ous assignment. The commander-in-chief
himself greatly need
ed to learn the nature and dis
position of Gen. Clinton's forces
in and around New York; Bissell
was to be posted as a deserter
to facilitate his mission, and not
even friends, family and the girl
he loved could be let in on the
secret that his "disgrace" was
fictitious.
The plans went awry, but dis
guised as a Negro he actually
talked with Clinton; then was
laid low by typhus; betrayed his
mission in his delirium to an
enemy surgeon . . . who did not
give him away; and returned
with important information to
Washington's headquarters and,
with name cleared, to his be
loved Rhoda Hurlburt.
Years later the medal Itself
was destroyed in a fire; and
Daniel's wife assures him, "Dear
est, the record has not perished.
It will live." So this is a senti
mentalized version, with a lot
of conversations which certain
ly were never heard. If we may
ourselves be u n s e ntimental,
Thompson is not a good story
teller, but he has interesting
material.
soma
7:45 P. II.
General Ike's
ACCEPTANCE
SPEECH
By SYD KRONISH
NAM PHl'ONG. Queen of Vi-et-Nam
appears on a new stamp
from that country. This is the centuated
second time she
has
not sure about the safety of tha
source of supply.
10. Wear light, loose clothes.
11. Take a noontime nap, or
rest during the day as much as
possible.
12. Wear a helmet or hat of
porous material if you work la
the sun.
13. Avoid over-exposure to tha
direct rays of the sun. For a sun
tan without burn and trouble, the
best method is gradual exposure,
working up to a half-hour or aa
hour a day of sun -bathing.
14. Don't worry and don't let
people get your goat.
Summed up, says Dr. Fishbein,
the cardinal rule is moderation in
all things.
For cooling down, physiologists
advise not a cold shower, but loll
ing for 20 minutes or more in a
tepid bath. That gets the heat out
of the deep tissues of the body,
and you stay cooled off longer.
For comfortable sleeping in the
hottest weather, a good bet is your
basement. Toss a mattress on tha
cellar floor. Chances are youll
need a light blanket before the
night is over.
appeared 1?
on a postage
stamp. The
i i r s i occasion
was in 1942
when she was
Empress of An
nam. The new
stamp is 1.50-
piastre
green.
CHICAGO fVHow come those
dark circles under the eyes? A
consultant gives an answer in tha
queries and minor notes section
of the American Medical Associ
ation Journal. They're -due, he
says, to underlying veins showing
ixirougn a min sjcrn. iney are ae-
by fatigue. apDarentlT
because of pallor of the face.
NEW YORK (..p-Many cases of
sinus headache are psychosomatc,
or due to emotional or psycho
logical causes, says Dr. Conrad
K. Gale in the New York State
Medical Journal. He finds that
less than 10 per cent of patients
with sinus headache have organic
, , . t .y,. -,,-. : r . , vkiwi vauow
yenow ana oruwn. xwc " i headaches. A psvchological ap-
attired in modern western style , m treatment brings good
-" "" results, ne adds.
ner scnoonng ana many jcu
spent in Paris.
TWO NEW U. S. commemora-
WASHtNGTON f -Stockpiling
for civil defense has started of
tive stamps have been added to j Uves m atomic attack f riti u
the 19o2 agenda, says Post- ls PVP-macrose. a blood extender,
master General Jesse M. Don- or tpmnorarT ,,v,ctit,,t. ki I
..1 . . viwu
plasma or whole blood. It could
aldson. One will honor the
"Newspaper boys of America"
and will be issued at Philadel
phia on Oct. 4 (which has been
designated as Newspaper-boys
Day). The other stamp will hon
or the more than 40,000 women
in the armed services. No date.
help fight shock, burns, and hem
orrhage. Completely synthetic, it does not
have to be kept cold. The Federal
Civil Defense Administration has
ordered 1,200.000 pints from
Schenley Laboratories, Inc. It does
place or design has been given not decrease the need for whole
for this stamp.
ITALY has issued a 25-lire
blue stamp commemorating the
recently held Labor Fair held in
Naples, reports
the New York
SUmp Co. Pic
tured on the
stamp is a
workers fore
arm holding a
symbolic torch.
In the back
ground is a
world globe.
This same VT-
stamp was also 'fcWvV'lt.
over - printed HOST rotrXZMi
AMG-FTT for?52?"?.
use in the FreeWi . i 1 iJ
I S. 1
KP1
Territory of Trieste. This proce
dure of overprinting Italian
stamps for the American sector
of Trieste is a commonplace oc
currence. THE CHINESE Red govern
ment will issue a new series of
stamps to commemorate the 31st
anniversary of the Communist
Party in China.
The designs of these stamps
will include reprints of famous
Tunhuang murals of the Wei.
Sui and Tang dynasties, dating
from the sixth to the tenth cen
turies. The colors will be light
and dark brown, blue and vio
let. The border patterns were
taken from the Tunhuang mural
themes.
material.
The 82nd Congress will go
down in history along with sev
eral of its predecessors as one
with limited achievements.
Members worked hard. They
tried to save money for taxpay
ers. But they broke no new
ground of importance in dealing
with national problems.
blood and blood plasma for fight
ing men in Korea, or civilian use
at home.
FREE ! !
Self-teaching touch typing in
struction book with all rentals
of 3 months or longer.
Lowest Rites
Ail Makes
$2.50 to S4.50 p "
Rental payment will apply
toward sarehase.
1
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