12ihe Statesman, Salexa, Oregon. TueadcriYOctobes 1. 1S51
THd FoirrostaL Diaries jChapter
A Eaieful D ecision -r to
Ghiang to
XX. Gen. Albert C. Wedemeyer,
- - , ,- K.u - iCy I
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taff to Generalissimo Cnlanf nat-snea; presiaes vcr mwuni w m comDinea i;mnese
American ttafft in Chunikint. Left to ritht Gen. Chanr Pinr-chun, director of department,
ministry of military operations; Gen. Chu Shih-minrformer military attache in Washihffton; Gen.
Ckien Tachnn, personal chier of staff to the generalissimo; Gen. Wedemeyer; Brijr. Gen. Merrln E.
Groes, acting; chief of staff, USF, China theatre; Gen. Liu Fei," vice minister of military opera
tions; CoL L. G. Clarke, assUtant chief of ftaff, G-I. USF; and Gen. Hsl En-sul, director of the
Chinese services of supply. Photo taken in Chnnrkinr. June 6, 1945. ' i
The Morass of China
Our growing difficulties with
the Soviet empire were world
wide, but in the closing-weeks of
1945 Washington's attention was
largely focussed upon their re
flection in the tangled problems
of the Far East. China, in par
i:
ticular, already, presented a
dilemma.
r i ; ;
Zt November 1945 !
BTATE-WAR-NAVY MEETING
! At the meeting with Byrnes
and Patterson this morning the
question of our future policy in
China and Manchuria arose.
Wedemeyer (Lieutenant General
Albert C. Wedemeyer, then com
mander of United States forces
in China) has asked for instruct
ion, I his present directive being
first to keep troops in China to ac
complish the disarmament of the
Japanese and to provide for then
repatriation up to the point when
he considers the Chinese National
government troops - alone can
carry out this mission. In his or
iginal cable of last Friday he put
the decision up to the Washing
ton government. This morning's
cable to him made clear that we
were looking to him for a recom
mendation on the latter point,
namely whether the , Chinese
Nationalist government troops
had the capability of carrying but
the disarmament land return to
Japan of Japanese; in Manchuria.
W ' : . - - -i" ;
Invite a Vacuum
i 1 - -.
There is strong pressure to
bring Americans out of China,
particularly the marines. If we do,
. we invite a"" vacuum of anarchy
in Manchuria, and it is obvious
that Into that vacuum Ultimately
either the Japanese or the Russ
ians will flow. At the moment of
course it wil be the Russians. In
this connection 1 1 referred to a
conversation with'; Admiral Mits
cher on Sunday; ; in which he
pointed out that In any future
war between a combination of
Bussia and the Asiatic powers the
manpower available to such a
combination would be so trem
endous and the indifference to
the loss of life so striking that it
would present a very serious
problem to this country.
(The problem was complicated
by one factor that was again and
gain thereafter to vitiate effect
ive policy. In the answering cable
to Wedemeyer (a copy of which
rorrestal included in the diary)
it was made clear that while the
state department wanted to help
the Nationalists under Chiang
Xa-shek to get the Japanese out
ef China, "it does not wish to
support the National government
directly against the communists."
The Chinese Communist armies
under Mao Tse-tung were at that
time less well organized and far
less well armed than they were
later to become. . ; ' . j
Avoid "Meddling
5V
But the state department, im
pressed by the i backwardness,
corruption and unpopularity of
the Nationlists under Chiang
Kai-shek, convinced that Mao's
communists represented an im
portant popular movement and
that the United States could not
openly combat it without suffer
ing disastrously under the charge
of "imperialist meddling," wished
to stay clear of the struggle be
tween Chiang and Mao. This
telegram clearly ireconized the
difficulty: even to help Chiang
get the Japanese out would "re
sult in some collateral aid or
prestige in favor of the National
government vis-a-vis the Com
munists," yet "conversely with
drawal now" of American troops
"may mean substantial frustrat
ion of a policy we have long
supported which contemplated
unifying China and Manchuria
under Chinese National forces."
They were never, throughout the
succeeding years, to find the an
swer to that one.
(An assistant's more extensive
notes of the meeting show that it
tame- back at the end-as so many
f iseusslons of high policy inevit
ihly did that winter-to the swift
Accept Go
,n5.' -ii w i .
eommandinr enerl U. S. forces
pointing out that under present
accelerated 'demobilization plans,
by next April We will have in
Europe only seme four hundred
thousand men,
...
Worried About China
. ! " i r i I
In China we are faced with the
same reduction and the same
problem. In addition to the num
erical decline in our forces; the
loss in their fighting prestige is
even greater. He said that he
realized that these forces were
' not sufficient to have an effective
influence on our pver-all national
policy.' He knew! that the state
department; no jioubt, considers
it highly important to maintain
-adequate military strength,! but
unfortunately congress is on the
other side.:1 In connection with
war 'department appropiations
they are saying that if the army
will demobilize fast enough, pre
sent appropriations will last. . .-.
: Mr. Byrnes said that the situation
1 in China worried him consider
1 able more than that elsewhere."
(Wedemeyer iad been asked
tor his advice; h now proceeded
; to give it in a series of long tele
; grams,' exhaustive in their ana
'; lysis of the situation but, when
' it came down td .what could or
should be ..done! about it, little
' more illuminating than the state
.department had been. Under date
. of November 20 fiis final recom
mendations were either to with'
- draw all troops at once or to an
nounce continued military I and
economic support for Chiang. On
the 23rd he emphasized that it
would be impossible to support
Chiang and at the same time stay
clear of the lattet's war with the
Chinese communists: "such Unit
ed -States support to the National
government swill definitely in
volve American' forces fin frat
ricidal warfare. There can be no
" mistake about this. . .'. If the
unification of China and Man
churja under Chinese National
forces is to be alU. S. policy, in
.volvement in fratricidal warfare
and possibly in war with the Sov
iet Union must be accepted and
ond 7:45 P.M.
POMIAND ' Mmln.
SlATTLt ..L. 1hrs.
bM4 Mainline, tame
fisA..t;;4;4sp.a
Midfow ihr$j
$AN FRANCISCO 4yahrs.
UNITED AIR LINES
Alport Temleatj Cafl 2-2455
er oa ekeHstf tre ogee.
4te your
t 1 .
pocket
I
- 6
Force
musts
1 i
mm
in China theatre and U. 8. chief
Yo
Tonight
there will come a linger; on your
!'!'' I I
your door. A
yoii hall with
tonight?
The Community
help a needy
Jt may knock
THE
COST
; would definitely 1 require addit
ional U. S. forcer far beyond
those presently available in the
i theater to implement the policy."
This was a question he thought
snouid oe aeciaea oj tne state
I Department.
Document Vague
(On Nov. 26 there was com
pleted a Ions memorandum for
the Secretary of State," lor joint:
f signature by I Forrestal and Pat
terson, setting forth the military!
departments considered conclus
ions. This document was not-one
must admit-a model of either,
clarity, conciseness or decision.!
tit iwas wordy and somewhat
vague. But there was a certain
'amount, of iron in the verbiage.
,T h e specific recommendations
jwere to keep the Marines in Nor
th China "pending clarification
fof U. S. political policy," in spite;
'of t the admitted I danger of in
volvement ii "fratricidal strife";
to lend every , aid to Cnlange in
getting the Japanese' repatriated,
and to try to get an international
agreement cn China and Man
churia among the major powers,
including the U. S. S. R.f j
(This document was discussed
at the state-war-navy meeting
next morning. Forrestal asked
whether the matter could not I be
taken realistically" to the real
center of the! trouble, which was
Moscow. Byrnes was "puzzled"
over what to say to the Russians,
but after much discussion came
up with the suggestion that, "tak
ing everything into account; per
haps the wise course would be
to j try to force . the Chinese
government I and the Chinese
communists to get together on a
compromise basis, perhaps tell
ing Generalissimo Chiang Kai
shek that we will stop the aid to
his government unless he goes
along with this. It might be well,
he said, to tell Russia what we
intend to 'do and to try to line
them up with this policy. Mr.
Patterson stated that it is in his
opinion clearly in our interests
to see China united under Gener
e
neighbor will itep
into
a smile and a word of greeting. You will reach!
into your pocket! or maybe hand him a cheeky ami with; an
other smile and a "Thank you" he will be gone .
. . ' -.' ' ' i" !'.' ! 1 . 1
This little incident at your front door will take but ja
moment or two. Yet it will leave you with a glow of j ihilfillr
ment that is strangely warming The warmth will linger with'
yoii in your living room; it will follow you to bed. We'd
like to tell you why.
! . . I ' I
Because of yowr contribution to the Community Chest
a sick baby is going to get well. Because of your check an
underprivileged boy is going to have: a decent place to play
In i after school instead of the crowded streets. Because of
! i j ' ' ' ' i i I ! ' I ! i ! '
your donation a young woman you know is going to walk in
safety down a dark street some I night next winter. These
things are going to happen because tonight you gave in
response to the Community Chest's appeal for funds. And
such are the little things that change bur lives and history-r-
who could say that they would happen
Chest 'drive
child .
veteran . . . a feeble old person who needs your help now,
.1 f . ' i 1 -I I.1
The Community Chest drive is your Opportunity to assist
the helpless and needy of THIS community in a straight-
forward, well-organized, efficient, effective AMERICAN
way. The Community Chest drive .is'
do all of this without waste to time or effort on your part.
! ' ! J -1 , ' '' 'r ii M
The Community Chest will knock on your door tonight,
orj another night this week. -Like every other Opportunity,
only once.
NEED IS GREATER
IS HIGHER -GIVE f.lORE TO THE
COIVUVIUNITY CHEST THIS YEAR!
alissimo Chiang Kai-shek if that1
is possibleJ" -.. ..tv
Surprise Awaits j : '
- (But when they went on from
.this discussion to a cabinet lunch
that day, a suprise awaited them.
11 November 1945 -, , '
CABINET LUNCHEON
Honey's ? Resignation: At the
Cabinet luncheon today the sin
gle topic of discussion was the
resignation of Pat Hurley as
- admbassador to China, charging
the sabotage of bis work for re-
" conciliation between the C. C P.
' (Chinese Communist Party) and
Generalissimo Chiang ; Kai-shek.
His action; was a complete sur
prise to both the president and
. theT-secretiiry of state, , both of
whom had the impression that
he had agreed to return to China.
After lunch, in discussing the
question of his possible successor,
Clinton Anderson, the secretary
of agriculture, said he believed
the appointment of George Mar-;
shall would ' take the headlines
away from Hurley's resignation
the following day. I seconded An
derson's suggestion, and it was the
general consensus that he would
make an able ambassador. The
president said he was reluctant to
put additional tasks on Marshall,
who had earned' a rest after five
arduous years. He confided to us
that the place he had in mind for
him was chairmanship of the Red
Cross. It was pointed out, how
ever, that Marshall could take the
China assignment as a special en
voy of the president on a tem
porary basis. Later . in the day
the- president telephoned Mar
shall and he accepted.
(Thus it fell to Marshall to
attempt to carry out the policy
which Mr.' Byrnes had sketched
. that morning.)
The next rticle-"Crisis With
Yugoslavia.
(Copyright, 1931
New York Herald Tribune. Inc.)
Mount i Baker, in Washington
state, reaches an altitude of 10,694
feet ! T I
Opp oft
f ; J- ' '
doorbell, a quiet knock at
the friendly light of
if you did not give
your Opportunity to
your Opportunity j to
... THE
i ! i ! .' , ; ; i ;..". r -." L .( . ;. l k j "
i i : i i ., " -!!.',- - ' U I; . .? - V I :''. " """-."' I
erway in
rson
i SUtesraui News Service y" ;
JEFFERSON The annual drive
fof Community Chest funds is un
derway locally with. Mrs. Oliver
Stephenson and Clayton Wills co
chairmen j of solicitatior in Jeffer
son. This? area includes Jefferson,
Talbot," Sidney, Marion and An-
eny mil ,with a total ! quote of
$L300.i f I'- - I -.
Jefferson has been asked to raise
$500 ; of ; that amount. Talbot and
Sidney each have $300 to contrib
ute land Marion and Ankey Hill
each have a quota of $100.
. Mrs. ! A. i R. i Blinston heads the
drive ; In he Talbot district; Mrs.
Yawrence Finlay and Mrs. Robert
Blanche J Schmidt,: Marion, and
Blanche i iSchmitd, Marion, and
Mrs: Henry Thiessen, Ankeny Hill.
Workers in the Jefferson dis
trict and i their territories include
Marjorie Fontaine and Mrs. Mar
vin Hutchines. Main street: Mrs.
Hal Wyn and Mrs. W. H. Brox
son, South Main; Mrs. Guy Roland,
inird street; Mrs. Wallace Daw-
son,' Marion road; Mrs. Clayton
Wills, Mrs. Lee Wells land Mrs
Charles Boxst, highway to Ter-
hunes; Mrs. Al Gurgurichf Talbot
road; Mrs.! Joyce Robnett, east of
railroad tracks; Mrs. Leland Wells
and Mrs. Margaret Hart, Greens
Bridge road; Mrs. Varion Goin
and Mrs. Henry I Hockspeier,
Looney Butte; Mrs. G A; Robinson
and Max Schulz, Parrish Gap and
Clayton Wills, teacners.
I . : ;
PTA MEETE TONIGHT
WHJLAMINA The Willamina
grade school PTA will have its first
fall meeting tonight at the grade
school gym. The meeting will be
a get-acquainted one. and all the
teachers will be introduced. Plans
for the coming year
nounced. I
will be an-
MM
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Maeleay The Macleay Grange I
agricultural committee headed by
A. J. Mader will have charge of
the grange program Friday at 8:30
pjn. at the grange hall. i
a tUfl you tviU atfoyf
THIS MESSAGE IN BEHALF OF SALEM'S COMMUNITY
CHEST; CAMPAIGN OCTOBER 2-10, IS PRESENTED BY,
SEARS, ROEBUCK
Eherldut The Sheridan Meth-
dinner October 8 at pjn. at
the church. A program and group
singing will be presented
& CO.
aa. ." '. T " '" !;;' -:'a i; vA': v.-.:v' Ha if M "V-
: . ' : : v ' : - ' ! ' V- - ' ' '
i-- - ' i ! . . .. : 1 ;! ' . . ' ' : 1"- -t- - .
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: ; j . j ' 1 ; I . ; ; j --. - ' ; - " " t ' ! I r ' . ' ' I - At ' - '
auon of our armed
rth. "Mr. Patterson said that
n l.ivteber 1 he had written a
Lua v w Mr. Byrnes
v