WUa l Next in Korea
- : i ; i : ' i
Is . Year-Old Problem
I 'iTf NVMi! If "'tt'I'L?. fcetffSEfi? I Narcotics
U U U W vv --y LNi t U U U US A is 1.5 IN Rnirlonii
AT DAWN on June 2$ a year ago, North Koreans swept down across
the 33th Parallel. Tank-led columns, trained by the Russians
smashed South Korean defenses as II they were paper. i
American occupation troops, flown in from Japan, took a terrific
beating from the better-armed and numerically superior invaders.
They were backed into a bloody, 23-mile beachhead about Pusan
where on July 29 Gen. Walton Walk- j . ; r T"
r orderea in em v -atana ana aie.
Not until Septembei did the build
up of supplies and manpower from
tat u w tea. Stales enaDie me aeiena
crs to fight on aa erea footing. The
tide changed quickly.
Korean Beds Defeated
On September 12, Gen. MacArthur
personally directed aa amphibious
landing at Inchon. Eleven dayi later,
the Americans brok out of the Pusan
beachhead. The chase of the North
Koreans up the peninsula was even
more rapid than their advance down it.
- By October 1, the invaders were
retreating in confusion past the paral
lel. Gen. MacArthur launched an
end of the war by Christmas' offen
sive but on November 27, Chinest
Communist armies entered the fight.
By this time 18 of the United Na
tions had contingents fighting aggression-
in Korea but .tha bulk of tha
farces were South Korean and Amer
ican. The U.N. ad vane which had pene
trated to the Yalu River border with
Manchuria at a few points became a
bitter retreat Several units narrowly
escaped encirclement by Chinese
Communists and 28.000 men were
evacuated from Hungnam back down
to Pusan at the foot of the peninsula.
Bitter Winter Fighting j
Seoul, the So tit- Korean capital,
fell a second time to the Reds. Below
zero temperatures did not halt the
bitter fighting. This time the Com
munist drive was halted just north
of Pohang.
On April 11, Gen. MacArthur was
relieved of his command by the
President1 for repeatedly advocating
bombing of Manchurian bases and the
use of Chiang Kai-shek' Nationalist
troops on Formosa against the Chinese
Beds..
As the anniversary date ap
proached, UJi. forces hold the initia
tive again for the first time since the
entry of the Chinese Reds.
U.N. troops have overrun the Iron
Triangle, the Communist buildup area
la central Korea from which, they
mounted -their two unsuccessful
spring offensives. Defeating the two
Red drives constitutes a feat mili
tarily impressive but hardly decisive
. . . a. . a a
an ine outcome i me war.
Perhaps a third Communist off en-'
sive, timed for fee approaching rainy
season, is in the making.
The recent victories present Gen.
Matthew B. Ridgway, the U-N.'i new
commander, with some interesting
strategic possibilities.
Deliberate Tactics
His tank' patrols probed north of
the buildup triangle area through ter
rain that was given only a fleeting
glance last October and November
Hitrtnw thA rc tr th Manrhlirian
.border. f .
Gen. RidgwayV tactics are quite
different from Gen. Mac Arthur's last
falL MacArthur went all-out in pur
suit of the disorganized North Ko
reans. Entry of the Rsd Chinese made
it a "new war," as MacArthur himself
pointed out.
This time theU.N. tactics are de
liberate. The line will not roll for
ward until every hill and ridge has
been flushed dean. If enemy resist
ance in one sector stalls the advance,
other units will hold op until the line
is straightened. No Red pockets are
left in the hifla to strike from behind.
As military experts see it. Gen,
Ridgway has a number of alterna
tives. tinue to shove his line slowly for
ward, keeping the foe off balance
Atom
Super Weapons
The U. S. Strategic Air Force now
can pack a punch more devastating
than the total ef all manmade ex
plosions since the invention of gun
powder up to the first atomic blast
. at Hiroshima.
In recent months this estimate has
been going the rounds behind closed
doors at the Pentagon.
It means ihat this country has
tnreH n n in atomic arsenals or on its
-production Tines a destructive force
greater than the total of all the bombs,
shells and bullets fired In World War
TT rA mTi tfi. afhr nrara Kafir 700
years or more.
It means, if the strategic planners
are correct, that this force can be
delivered new, against any country,
within a matter of hours or days. -
Responsible military leaders, who
cannot be named, do not say this in
stant retaliation with atomic weapons
would produce instant defeat of an
aggressor nation. But they do hold
that obliteration of. k?y government V
and industrial targets and destruction
of its manpewer weuld . shatter its
war-making ability.
During recent months, military
leaders have warned publicly that if
an atomic attack were made on the '
United States, seme enemy bombers
would pierce the defensive screen and
drop bombs on American cities. Their
estimate now apparently is that U. S.
retaliation would be v full and com
, plete that the enemy would be unable
'to send any tsllaw-up bombers after
the initial -ttacfc v ......
N. KOREA If
while hoping the Chinese eventually
will tire of their staggering losses and
sees a cease-nre. j f
i Wonsan Is Key Port I
He could seek to spring a tr3p on
the Reds along the central and east
ern fronts by smashing quickly from
the apex of the Triangle at Pyong
gang up the 52-mile valley to Won
san while other armored spearheads
swept up the coast from Inje. j
He could try to establish a line
across the narrow waist of thr penin
sula from Wonsart to the west coast
just below Pyongyang, the North
Korean capital. ; f j
The limit of Ridgways advance,
even if Red resistance virtually col
lapsed, probably would be no further
north; than a line across the peninsula
from'Hungnam. This would leave a
buff er. ze-ne between U.N. forces and
the Manchurian border. ' i
on
KJ
j W S. KOREA I
; I; v. taeZoh
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FUELED UP, WAY UP-World's fastest bomber, six-t Boeing
B-47, capable ef 600 mph. Is refueled from a double-deck
tanker plane. The fuel is pumped through hose al high speed.
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VOTE Gen. De Gaulle's party
won 112 French Assembly
seats, Comrmiflists 103, center
coolition parties 103 seats.
ETtS rJClfT-Vory Cls probe through native huts In a North
Karo villa o hm sooth of Chorwon mn the west-central front.
CONGRESS: It Faces
NEXT week the 82nd Congress r f r rY
NEXT week the 82nd Congress
will have been In session for
almost six months. In that time it
has been so preoccupied with in
quiries that its lawmaking has
.been virtually non-existent.
, One ef its few achievements is pas
sage of the first universal military
training system in the nation's history.
Last week Mr. Truman signed the bill
extending Selective Service to July 1,
1955, lowering the draft age to IS ft
years, extending service to two years
and providing for universal military
training for all youth.
There is a legislative log-jam on
paralleled within recent years.. Then
are so many bills awaiting Congres
sional action, a summer recess now
seems out of the .question. Some Ad
ministration leaders say Congress
will be lucky to complete its work In
time for a Thanksgiving adjourn
ment. End In Sight
The Senate joint committees inves
tigating the firing of Gen. MacArthur
voted unanimously to wind up tha
hearings as soon as possible by next
week at the latest.
Gen. MacArthur, the opening wit
ness May 3, has been invited to take
the stand again if he cares to.
Some members .of the 28-man
Armed Services and Foreign Rela
tions Committees have indicated a
belief there is agreement on four
broad points of Far Eastern policy.
These are:
Aggression should not be permitted
to succeed: in Korea even if that
means prolonged fighting.
Economic sanctions against Red
China should be supplemented by a
United Nations naval blockade.
Formosa is vital to American de
fense and should be kept out of hos
tile hands.
Communist China should not b
recognized by the United States nor
given a seat on the UN. Security
Council.
One Week Deadline
Much of the legislation awaiting ac
tion has a deadline only one week
! 1
30KR?
SIGNAL Iranian flag files over
Anglo-Iranian Oil Co. offices
in dispute with Iritain over
nationalization of oil industry.
I t I
BEEF Only four carcasses hang
i
away and Some bills have not yet
been cleared in committee. f
The fiscal year lends June 30 and
new appropriations for government
operation should b authorized before
then. The Defense Production Act.
with its controversial economic con
trols, wage-price ceilings and indus
trial allocations, expires then too.
The $3,500,000,000 foreign aid bill
has not yet; been considered by Sen
ate and House committees.
Both houses of Congress are going
Quotes
Mrs. Frances ClevdL 25.
America of 1949," deciding to re
marry her husband: " "All men
have something wrong with them
some faults. I've decided to get
along with the faults of the father
of my (three) children." f
I i ?
Sea. Robert 8. Kerr (D-Okla):
"If GenJ Douglas MacArthur is
not a candidate for President,
there's not a steer in Texas."
Astronomy
PalomarY Big Eye j
An astronomer-has peered 350 mil
lion light years out into space and
found new evidence buttressing the
theory that the universe is exploding.
The astronomer Is Dr. Milton L.
Humason, expert in starlight analysis.
The big eye he used is Palomar's 200
inch telescope world's largest
His research is described as the first
significant work of Palomar's Big Eye
in the area outside the galaxy of our
own MQky Way. j j
The achievement marks a long step
toward determining the size and na
ture ef the unive - the position of
the earth in it, whether there
may be many mu.- earths and solar
systems similar to our awn.
22-Tear-Old Theory
Twenty-two years ago. Dr. dwin
P. Hubble, famed Mt. Wilson astron
omer, concluded from his observations
that stars, seven or eight million light
years away, were moving outward
into space; at explosive speeds. His
theory was that the universe was ex
panding. Using the 100-inch ML Wilson tele
scope. Dr. Humason found in 1942 in
dications that stars 250 million light
years away were running away from
the earth at speeds of 23,000 : miles a
second. ! ' j'
This along with Dr. Hobble's orig
inal findings permitted astronomers to
calculate that the runaway speed in
creased in proportion to the distance
of the stars involved. The -calculations
were that: the increase amounted to
100 miles a second far every! million
light years. I
To get his new data. Dr. Humason
had to sit for as long as six hours at
a time in a fantastic looking cradle at
the upper end of the telescope, seven
stories above the observatory floor.
In Short . .
Commuted: By French President
Vincent AurioL the imprisonment
sentence for treason of former Mar
shal Petain, 85, to detention in a hos-'
pitaL . . 1 . - ;
Suspended: By the National Secu
rity Council for S3 days, a Congres
sional ban on American aid to nations
exporting strategic materials to the
Soviet bloc of nations. " j
Eesdgned: Uarriner S. Eccles. a
member of the Federal Reserve Board
for 17 vears and its chairman for 22.
"Mrs.
a Legis
-yry
-
in this cooler at big Chicago plant.
to have to move with almost un
precedented sped to beat the dead
line even if the bills are reported out
by committees.
Stop-Gap Extension?
The fate of the economic controls
program is uncertain. Some Admin
istration leader in both houses ad
mitted privately they may have to
settle for a stop-gap extension of
present controls.
Public response to the President's
appeal for tighter controls has been
SAGA: Two
Prisoners of Fate
Two weird aftermaths of World
War H came to light last week on op
posite sides of the globe.
One was in Gdynia, Poland, where
a German soldier staggered blindly to
freedom after being buried alive for
six years. A companion! tottered out
with him but fell dead of a heart -attack
at the moment of deliverance.
The other was on lonely Anatahan
Island in the western Pacific where a
band of 18 Japanese still are not con-
vinced the war Is over. '
Frightened Poles rah when the
German crawled out of his subter
ranean prison with a beard reaching
his knees and hair hanging almost to
his ankles. He is in a hospital under
treatment for blindness,1 the result of
spending the last, two years in total
darkness.
The survivor, with five German
comrades, was trapped when the re
treating Wehrmacht dynamited the
entrance of the underground food
bunker, unaware the men had
sneaked in to steal supplies.
Frecioas Water
There was plenty of food, wine,
tobacco and other stores. A supply of
candles lasted until two years ago.
Water seeped through cracks in the
reinforced concrete and the men
stretched out this by. mixing it with
Rhine wine. They washed in liquor. -Water
was reserved for drinking only.
Shortly after their entombment,
one committed suicide; another a
few weeks later. Two others died of
Illness. - They were buried in flour
which mu mined the bodies.
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ftiWta m
lative Log-Jam
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Some packers laid off crews.
disappointing. In his speech to the na
tion 10 days ago, Mr. Truman warned
that prices would "go through the
roof and bring about ruinous Infla
tion if his broad new program was
not adopted. -
Observers point out that the Dem
ocrats are only nominally in control
of the 82nd Congress. They say actual
control is vested in the coalition of
conservative Southern Democrats and
Republicans, particularly where do
mestic legislation is concerned.
World War
The Japanese holdouts are an old
story with a new angle. The U. S.
Navy has known they were there
since 1946 when native fishermen .
from Saipan, 61 miles away, stumbled ;
across them and were fired on.
Last week a Japanese former naval
petty officer, Junji Inque, 43, was
picked up by a rescue team. He is
only the second of a group that once
numbered 33 the U. S. Navy has been
ableto convince that the war is over.
Since 1946, Navy fliers have dropped
food and pamphlets periodically from
the air. They circled the island with
blaring loudspeakers telling the hold
outs of V-J Day, occupation rule and
approaching peace treaty plans.
Navy-teams landed surreptitiously
and left bundles of letters and pic
tures of the holdouts' families, implor
ing them to surrender. But the men
stubbornly refused to believe. -
; Fanalie Seaman Is Leader
The petty officer rescued last week,
said the marooned band is led by a '
fanatic seaman who has threatened to
kill anyone who tried to go 'over to
Dates
Monday, Jane 25
Anniversary (first), Korean !
war. 1
Wednesday, Jeee 21
Professional Golf - Association
championship tourney, Pitts-!
burgh.
- Saaday, Jely 1
j Dominion Day ! in Canada. ;'
I ! , -J
SEN. HERBERT R. OC0N0H
(D-Md) , new chairman of tho
Senate Crime Investigating Cosh
mittee, has suggested ' that the
death penalty might well be in
voked lor dope peddlers, f
Organised crime syndicates which
.dominated bootlegging during ' the
Prohibition era and later turned to
control of gambling, may now be ex
pected to take ever the dope trafie
unless measures are adopted to pre
vent it, O'Conor said. j ;
f I "Lindbergh Law" for Peddlers
He recalled that the Lindbergh Law
was enacted to stop kidnaping and
.suggested that a "similar statute
might put the fear of God into these
outlaws."; . i
The roster of federal'hospitals indi
cates, he said, that the percentage of
narcotic users under 21 years of aga
has increased 600 per cent during the
last several years. s
"The distribution and sale of nar
; cotics," Sen. O'Conor declared, "is
.vastly more reprehensible than other
aspects of crime."
The thing that most disturbed him,
he said, is the widespread use of dope
today among young people throughout
: the country. .
! Epidemic in Cities -
A U. S. Public Health Service of
ficial reported that an epidemic of
teen-age addiction is raging in tha
nation's largest cities. ;
The official. Dr. Victor H. VogaL
said the menace was greatest in New
York City, where the annual amount
of dope sold illicitly has been estimat
ed at 10ft million dollars. I f
Dr; Vogel estimated that New York
'City supplies 50 per cent of the young
sters entering one federal hospital for
' dope addicts with 25 per cent coming
- from Chicago. ;
- Another expert, Austin McCormick,
professor of criminology at the Unl-
. varsity of California, says the current
narcotics addiction wave: is ; a "tem
porary phenomenon" similar to the
habit of toting flasks during the 1920.
McCormick notad that at least one
baby, was born a narcotics addict be
cause the mother was addicted. Drugs
had to be administered to the new
born infant to keep it alive; he said.
II Hangovers
the Americans. He said f our or five -were
willing to surrender but their,
lived in fear of the leader. The leader '
has a machintgun. !
- The petty officer said ths men are
us mra the war still la an thev are
amazed at American ships which
cruise such dangerous waters at night '
with their lights blazing. The Jap
anese hear explosions on Saipan and,
believe the Japanese garrison there
still is holding out, t '
- Actually, the explosions are de
tonations of outdated ammunition by
TJ. S. demolition teams, j i
The original group marooned on
Anatahan were 33 in number. A Jap
anese woman was the first taken oil
the island on June 30, 1950. Them
there were 21 survivors. Last week -the
petty officer said they were only
18. Eight of the original company had
been murdered, he said, , and the rest
died accidental deaths. (1 i
! Diet of Lhords j - !! j .
. He said the Japanese lived on 11s
ards, coconuts, crabs and tropical
fruit He said the machinegun was
still in excellent condition. ;.
The U. S. Navy would like to clean ;
out the holdout nest within the next
week because on June 30 administra
tion of the Pacific Trust Islands, of
. which Anatahan is one, is to be turne . ,
over to - the Department of tha l
terior. j . j
; "Getting the Japanese off is a mH j
tary operation," said one Navy officer.
"Ifs too dangerous for civilians to at
tempt" ' . . , - -j! '
Sidelights
O In Rushford, Eng, a workman re
pairing the tower clock in the village
church peered too closely; into the
mechanism and a sweep of the minute
hand nipped off the tip of his nose.
The little town of Bethlehem,
N. VL, has appealed to King George
- VI of Fng"d for help In establishing
its birth certificate. The town, orig
inally known as Lloyd's Mill, was
granted a chartei by Colonial Gov
ernor John Wentworth in 1774. The
charter, however, was never received.
The . original charter was entrusted
by Buckingham Palace j to a messen
ger who was lost at sea. . j
A psychiatrist said the current de
bate over foreign policy threatens tha
mental health of citizens by arousing
fears for "me anc mine." I
. - '
O During the polio season, June to
September, doctors advise postponing
vaccinations of children for whooping
cough or diphtheria unless there is an
outbreak of those diseases, since vac
cinations may increase (he chances of
a child's contracting polio.
O In Philadelphia, grocer Frank Bell
acquired a husky German shepherd
dog to put a stop to burglaries in bis
store. Last week there was another
ewcessfnl "burglary. The dog was in
back room tied to SKpe. By its side
eras a long stick and an empty beta
that once had contained frankfurters.
(Ail