I
UiMiUl
Government Advises Industry 1
Tojjocate Netv Plants Away
From All Vital Defense Areas
. " a-'
By Max Boyd
WASHINGTON, March ll-CAVThe government U taking a new
look at the question of where industrial plants should be located.
Its study is prompted by the fact that Russia as well as the Unit
ed States is presumed to be trying to make a hydrogen bomb.
So far, ranking agencies have not cnanged the advice given In
dustry on the basis of damage by plutonium bombs. As boiled down
by Secretary of Defense Johnson,
the core of that advice was this:
When you build new plants,
don't put them too close together.
Put them a few miles apart.
The national security resources
board (NSRB), which advises
President Truman in this field,
recently made public a report con
taining this additional suggestion:
Underground Plans . v
"New facilities might be placed
Underground in an existing mine
or a site excavated in rock for the
purpose. This provides a high de
gree of protection, and the cost is
sot unreasonable, particularly
when an existing mine is used.
Studies of European experience
and. possibilities in this country
Indicate that for the most vital
industrial facilities underground
construction is entirely practical
I The advice to put new plants a
few miles apart was based on the
fact that, major damage from a
Plutonium bomb burst generally is
within three miles of the point
beneath the center of the blast.
I Some authorities have estimated
that major damage from an H
bomb would reach for ten miles in
all directions. Exact information
, will not be available, however,
unless and until such a bomb Is
actually exploded.
Dispersement Planned
Pending a test of this kind, one
highly placed official says the best
guidance that can be given in
dustry is this:
"Put new plants as far from
Other vital facilities as you can
without making them uneconom
ic." . ,
This official explains that the
more space .there is between vital
facilities, the less attractive the
area will be as a target. All atomic
bombs are so costly that an at
tacker can use them only on con
centrated targets of the highest
value.
He acknowleges that private fac
tory owners must also consider
other things like nearness to labor
supply and transportation and
homes for workers.
Under a law passed in 1947 the
NSRB has the job of advising the
president on industrial mobiliza
tion and the relocation of facilities
Vital to national security. Approv
ed policies la up to the department.
Its munitions board and industry
Itself. :. j
Cfeast Cities Vnlaerable ,
The army, navy j and air force
have considerable power, even in
peacetime, to influence defense
plant location through their con
tract awards.
Many military men are convin
ced that industrial cities near the
coasts arc more vulnerable to
atomic attack than interior cities
for two reasons: j
1. Atomic bombs might be
brought to coastal cities in mer
chant ships or be fired from sub
marines. 2. Enemy bombers would have
to penetrate more defenses to
reach the interior, f
During World War H, the gov
ernment financed the construction
of 1,359 manufacturing plants at
an estimated cost of $12,700,000,
000. Many of these plants were
built in the interior, dispersing in
dustry more widely than before
and tapping new sources of labor.
Plant Gees to Texas i
At the end of the war a commit
tee of representatives of various
government agencies recommend
ed that to the extent possible an
effort should be made to keep the
aircraft industry dispersed.
However, with some exceptions,
aircraft manufacturers who had
their plants .near the coasts before
the war carried on their post-war
business in the same areas. Rea
sons given for this include natural
advantages of climate, availability
of skilled labor, substantial in
vestments already made and ties
of friendship and home owner
ship that made executives as well
as workers reluctant to move.
One exception was Chance
Vought, makers of navy fighters.
That company transplanted its op
erations from Connecticut to Tex
as. Seeing Moves Operation
Another, exception is the prod
uction line set up recently at
Wichita. Ks., to make Boeing B
47 Jet bombers. The decision to
produce the'B-47 at Wichita in
stead of near Seattle, Wash., Boe
ing's home, brought protests from
Seattle residents. The air force in
sisted that Boeing agreed to it in
1947 and said that decision held.
A third exception Involves Con
solidated Vultee. It assembles the
air force's huge B-S6 bombers in
a government-financed plant at
Fort Worth, Tex. The decision to
build the B-38 there was made
during the war. Consolidated Vul
tee still makes some fsub-assem
blies for the B-36 at
Calif,
The air force says
refused to contract for planes from
any company because of Its geo
graphical location. It adds that it
considers the aircraft Industries
now operating In southern Cali
fornia to be reasonably well dis
persed. Secretary of Defense Johnson
has denied that his department
favors the moving of factories
from New England. In an address
to the New England council at
Boston he said:
"There isn't and there never
has been a word of truth in those
rumors. Our job in the department
of defense is the defense of all
America."
Previously, on the basis of dam
age done by the atomic bomb
San Diego,
Wt has not
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expert estimated that all the in
dustry In the United States could
be dispersed properly in New Eng
land. Hubert X. Howard, chairman of
the munitions board, says that the
defense department's policy is to
disperse within area rather than
from one area to another "because
of the serious social and economic
factors involved.
Elephants and lions are found
on the lower levels of Mt. Kili
manjaro, Africa.
Deputy Arrests
Man Wanted
In 4 Counties
Robert Carl ' Zimmerman, 22,
Gaston, wanted in four counties
on charges of obtaining money by
false pretenses and issuing checks
without sufficient funds, was ar
rested early Saturday by Marion
County Deputy Sheriff Zd Scott
Zimmerman was arrested at De
troit at 12:15 ajn. Saturday on a
hold warrant "from Washington
county. Later it was discovered
that Portland police and Yamhill
authorities also hold warrants for
the man. Zimmerman was report
ed also to have passed a check
atv Silverton.
Tanganyika, a British trustee
ship under the United Nations in
Africa, was German East Africa
before 1916.
Former Hawaii
Resident Sues
Ex-Employer i
A former, resident of Hawaii,
who alleges he was brought to
Oregon for work which was not
forthcoming, filed suit Saturday
against his former employer in
Marion county circuit court.
The Etotecaga, galea, Oregon, Bundar, Marca II 13 j
Joe Vlctorine, who 'says In the
suit he was brought from Hilo,
Hawaii, last year with bis wife
and three children, ii seeking
judgment, of $650. j i '
Vlctorine, in his complaint, al
leges H. S. Kubik flew i him and
his family to Oregon on p promise
of work at $1 per hourfwages in
August, 1949. 1
The plaintiff further alleges he
was not provided with 'the work
promised but was put to work at
"an Isolated mine,' at $3 per day.
The mine is located in the Elk
horn region above mkwh in
east Marion county. Vlctorine qui
work there when heavy winter
snows came and has been living
near Salem. '
A blue whale may be 100 feet
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