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! KETREAT T1i dust of defeat Is
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Ihoir flight boforo th.vktoriou.
To U. S.9 Orient is:
THE Orient is a jungle of jiilemmas for American foreign policy
JL makers. Compared to Asia, Europe is relatively stable. The Mar
shall plan has .worked wonders in western Europe but there is no
Marshall plan to check the spread of communism In Asia. At this time
there is grave doubt whether such a plan, providing only economic
aidwould be sufficient to stem the Red sweep in the Far East
; With Ccfhgretii in session, ' these ; . .'. I .
crucial policy decisions will be com
ing to the fore.
China, where Cpmmunists are in
" the driver's seat, is the key problem,
of coure, but there are other trouble
spots.. 7"f .
Two Republican leaders, former
President Hoover and Sen. Robert A.
Taft of Ohio, want the U.S. to use
armed force, if necessary, to protect
Formosa, the last refuge of Chiang
Kai-shek's tottering Nationalists.
. Three-Point ProtTam '
' Hoover proposed a three-pojnt pro- '
gram of American defense of! islands
off the coast' of Commurilst-held
China, no diplomatic recognition for
the Chinese Communist government,
and continued recognition and sup
port for Chiang and his embattled Na
tionalists. - . ... .
.-- Taft suggests that both U.S. naval
and air power be used to defend For
mosa and build a wall in the Pacific
against communism.
Taft wants a naval and air base on
Formosa similar to, those on Okinawa
and in the Philippines. This could be
done legally, he suggested, if the Na
tionalist government would approve..
' Taft recommended that this coun
try get approval from the United Na
tions for such a move, but if the U.N.
should reject it, he said, this rountry
should act independently.
. The Administration is working on
new strategy for the Orient tbut
President Truman is reported firmly .
opposed to sending American troops
to Formosa. This, however, does not
bar the possibility of supplying eco
nomic aid and advice to- Nationalist
defenders of the island. :.
Indo-China i
f Other diplomatic problems in the
Orient are just as knotty as China's.
Indo-China , has two governnjehts
one sponsored by the French! under
Emperor Bao Dai, the other the ,Viet
nam Republic under Communist Ho
Chi-minh. , v: - i .'. '
As the enemy of communism, the
VS. can. hardly deal with Ha Yet
the French-sponsored alternative is ,
so weak that if the U.S. were to back
Bao Dai the policy might bounce, as
it did In China. The regime of Bao
Dai like Chiang's, depends on outside
support y ' , - ' '
The American miliUry chiefs of
staff are going to visit Japan next
month. :
Last1 week Gen. MacArthur told the
Japanese people they had the right to
defend themselves but reminded them
in the same statement that their con-
stitution prohibits an armed force. ,
Faith
Protestants Protest
A committee of Protestant clergy
men have replied to the Christmas
message of Pope Pius XII which, they
said, contained a definite appeal for
Protestants to enter the Roman Cath
olic Church. - - Z J --:.r:
Their statement signed by 59 lead
ing Protestant clerics in the Pittsburgh
area, declared "that while Protestants
love unity, they love truth and free
dom more." ' 1
The ministers quoted from the
Pope's message: i
; ? 'Oh, that this Holy Year could wel
come also the great return to the one
true Church . . of so many who, be
lieving in Jesus Christ are for various
reasons separated from Her.' " t
The ministerial statement said:
' "The conditions underlying the Ro
man Catholic invitation to unity de
mand the absolute surrender of all
personal religious .freedom and the
irrevocable commitment of the soul m
life and in death to the totalitarian
authority of Jlome." !
V The committee includes the Rt Rev.
Austin Pardue, Bishop of the Episco-
Eal Diocese of Pittsburgh; the Rev.
loyd C. Wicke, Methodist Bishop of
the Pittsburgh area, and the Rev. Dr.
Hugh Thompson Kerr, former modera
tor of the Presbyterian Church in the
U.S.A. j
stamped on fait of thM j REGROUPED Gon. Sun U-Jn (lft fortground) Infantry com- INDICTED Dr. Htrmann Sandor PRINCESS-Actrttt
bord.r into Indochina in 1 mandor on Formo watch., Nationalist troops, who7 w.ro is charg.d with murdor in tho 'wiSiY2s
Chinos Communist armi... ; ovacuat.d from tho mainland, ongago In automatic rifl. drill. doath of a pati.nt, incurably HU vllawahrl
Challenge
The 'American Way
J. Edgar Hoover, head of the Fed
eral Bureau of Investigation, has come
out against proposals that America
adopt police j state
methods to master
the challenge of
Communism.
He advocates
ealmness. Intel
ligent alertness and
exposure of Com
munism's dangers.
"Police state
methods can! only
encourage the
growth of the very
evil we abhor," he
argues in a publi
cation , of.. George
Washington University. 4
"The American people are deter
mined that Communism shall be re
jected. However, as in years past we
again hear cries, Cut the red tape of
formality,' fForget about freedom of
speech when talking about Commu
nists,' "Let's cast them out.'
"These critics urge formation of a
national police, a police system which,
they assert would handle the Com
munist menace with 'dispatch and
finality.'"
If such methods were followed,
Hoover says, it would mean the tear
ing of law enforcement from its dem
ocratic matrix and the creation of a
"state within a state," a law enforce
ment system unresponsive to the will
of the majority, obeying only the dic
tates of the governing few. -
"In such an event" he declares,
"the future of democracy, itself,
would be in jeopardy."
Quotes
; Canon L. Jobn Collins of St
Paul's Cathedral, London: "If
Christians are to bring the love of
God to bear upon the political life
of the nation they must be ready
to take part in the muck of party,
' politics." .. : ;
Dr. Hermann N. Sander, Can
dia, N. R, doctor charged with
murder In the, mercy death of an
incurable cancer patient: "I am
not guilty of a legal or moral
' wrong. Ultimately my position
will be vindicated."
HOOVER'
V" - rK W V. L '.liv V' V
"DONT MIND HIM, MADAM HE'S JUST A PUP1" '
CONGRESS: New Roof but Same
THE 81st Congress opened its.
second session with a new roof
over its head but under a mantle
of old familiar issues, soggy with
controversy. f
In soft, indirect lighting, re
fleeted from the new stainless steel
ceiling of the House chamber, Presi
dent Truman personally delivered his
State of the Union message to a joint
session of the lawmakers.
' In foreign affairs, where a bi-partisan
policy has operated since the war
the President called fori a continued
program to halt betrayal of people,
longing for freedom, by the false
promises of communism. This would
mean, he said, more funds for Euro
pean recovery, technical aid and capi
tal investment for depressed areas in
the Far East and continued support
for the United Nations. I
Keep Defense Strong
While the world remains unsettled
and as long as national security re
quires it the President! asked Con
gress to maintain a strong, balanced
defense organization with . Selective
Service an essential part of it.
. On domestic affairs, however, the .
President hewed to the line of his
Fair Deal program, parts of which his
own legislative leaders predict Con
gress will reject Theses include re
peal of the Taf t-Hartlet labor law,
enactment of the Brannan farm plan
and compulsory health insurance,
which critics call "socialized medi
cineV,. h .-
The President also wants Congress
to extend rent controls another year,
help cooperatives and other non-
In Short. . .
Sentenced: By a Soviet military
court, 12 Japanese former army offi
cers to prison on charges of planning
germ warfare. f
Recognized: By India, the new Chi
nese Communist government
Withdrawn: By Britain's Colonial
Development Corp., its application to
the World Bank for a $3,000,000 loan
because, it said, the bank wanted to
know too much. j
Declared: By President Soekarno,
that New Guinea must come into the
U. S. of Indonesia before the end of
1950. ;
Spent: By the U. nearly 30 bil
lion dollars ($200 for every man,, wom
an and child in the country) in post
war aid to foreign nations, according
to the Department of Commerce.
Accused: By Russia, Finland of vio
lating their mutual peace treaty by
. harboring more than 300, war crimi
nals of Soviet origin.
TWO
LOST WITHOUT
profit groups build housing for lower
and middle-income wage earners and
increase the scope and benefits of So
cial Security.
Mr. Truman called the Taft-Hartley
law "punitive in purpose and one
sided in operation." He said it is in
consistent with the practice of true
collective bargaining and should be re
placed by a law "fair to alt"
On taxes, the President lashed at the
"ill-considered reductions of the 80th
Congress," which, he said, had cut gov
Dates
Tuesday, January 10
Anniversary (30th), League of
Nations.
Wednesday, January 11
Anniversary (1380th), birth of
Mohammed, religious holiday
throughout the Islamic world.
Friday, January 13
Anniversary (159th), first U. S.
Sunday School, established by
the Quakers in Philadelphia.
Science
Elixir of Life
Here are some briefs of reports to
the American Association for the Ad
vancement of Science which wound up
its annual convention last weekend in
New York: .
The new hormone cortisone prom
ises to be an elixir for longer life.
Atomic energy magic is turning
ordinary metal into lenses excellent
for taking infra-red photographs.
Scientists in a symposium agreed
that Kinsey's sex book is good, but
doesn't tell enough. It is said to be one
of the century's best contributions to
law. ;. . .
Wanted
No Comment Now
L '' Winston Churchill vacationing In
the Madeira- Islands had no comment
last week on the 50th anniversary of
. his escape , from a Boer war prison
. camp. -
A war correspondent for The Lon-
don Morning Pott at the time of his
capture, Churchill was taken during -
a Boer attack on an arfeorjd British
train. He escaped later by V hiding
among bales of wool on a freight
train. ... , . -
The Boers offered a reward of 25
pounds for him "dead or alive." The
- - poster description of the fugitive
. read:: " ' - -
, ."Indifferent build, walks with a
forward stoop,' pale appearance, red
browning hair, small and hardly no
ticeable mustache, talks through his
nose and cannot pronounce the letter
"s" properly."
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VIEWS OF REPUBLICAN TACTICS
A COMPASS
ernment income below-the level for
essential expenses. He promised, how
ever, changes in the tax system to
Stimulate business and correct present
inequities..
: Special Message on Taxes
Mr. Truman said he would deliver a
special message shortly on his specific
tax recommendations. A top adviser
said these would include cutting some
excise rates and tapping new sources
of revenue.
Congress would welcome an easing
TOP TEN: Hutchins Choice
Half Centurs Greatest :
Mahatma Gandhi, the assassinated
Indian leader, heads the list of "the
ten greatest of our time," picked by
Robert M Hutchins, University of
Chicago chancellor. His choices, con
fined to the first 50 years of the 20th
century, contain three Americans and
one person each from England, Russia,
China, India, Germany, Austria and
France.
Hutchins ranked Mrs. Franklin D.
Roosevelt three places above her late
husband because he considers her mo
tives more pure. The educator does not
expect everyone to agree with his list
of "greats." In fact he'd be happy to
Start a healthy argument
The list and some of Hutchins' rea
sons: 1. GANDHI The mih who most re
sembles Christ in the last 2,000 years.
. 2. ALBERT EINSTEIN In an age
of poor thinkers, he is the greatest '
3. SIGMUND FREUD His intro
duction of psychoanalysis with Ein
stein's celestial achievements are the
two forces which, mentally and physi
cally, have most changed our lives in
this half century.
) 4. ALBERT SCHWEITZER He ex
cels as surgeon, theologian, philoso
pher, author and musician, but re
nounced worldly fame o operate a
hospital in Africa. .
5. MRS. ROOSEVELT Symbol of
hope and encouragement to women all
over the world who wins her place
FOOD: Something You Ate, No Doubt?
Nutrition . -
In 1900 people ate food but they
didn't actually know what it was.
They had no knowledge of nutritional
vakie or what substances were needed
for growth or to sustain life.
Scientific research during the first
half of the 20th century has brought
to light 30 or 40 definite character
istics of food, such as vitamins and
amino adds. What has been learned
about nutrition in this period might
well be called i the discovery of the
nature of food.' . ,
"We still have a long way to go but
it's fair to say we have at least dis
covered food," says Dr. H. K. Stieb
ling, chief of the Bureau- of Home
Rita Havworth iMami M k
allot Jho'il
Old Issues
WARMING UP
of taxes on such items as jewelry, fur
coats, luggage, transportation tickets
and telephone bills. In a campaign
VAar (VinrrMi ran K imfm1 trt tn
pose higher rates on individuals or
corporations.
Economv-minded mmben will r.
new their insistence on big cuts in
government spending as an alternate
means of balancing the budget
The President will deliver his mes
sage on the budget for the fiscal year
starting July 1 on Monday.
through great human qualities and
sincerity in speech and action.
6. WINSTON CHURCHILL His
greatness lies in amazing personality.
courage, inspiring oratory at a time of
crisis in world affairs.
7. VLADIMIR LENIN He accom
plished the Incredibly difficult task of
turning the theories of Karl Marx into
fact in a nation of 200,000,000 violently
split and most backward people.
8. FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT
Under his guidance, the U. S. rose to
the world's greatest power. Millions at
home and abroad believed in what'he
was trying to do, but Hutchins feels,
he was to some extent fulfilling a per
sonal feeling for power. '
9. SUN YAT-SEN The father, of
the Chinese Republic changed the po
litical shape of the world for all time
by leading 400,000,000 people Into a
new way of life.
,10.. HENRY FORD Rather a dull
witted man but his ideas of mass pro
duction, ably : executed, profoundly
changed the lives of the people of this
century. '
Hutchins would nominate only three
of the 10 for a place among the Im
mortals. Thy are Gandhi, Lenin and
Sun Yat-sen.
"It's likely that history students in
2950 will recognize the tremendous In
fluence wielded by these three," says
Hutchins, "Between them they caused
an upheaval in the lives of the ma
jority of the people of the 20th cen
tury." ,
Economics, VS. Department of Agri
culture.' ,
He prophesies It will not be long
probably less than five years before
science cracks another of nature's
great puzzles photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis Is the process by
which plants take energy from sun-'
light for growing and bearing fruit
Scientists recently have discovered
that plants use 60 to 73 per cent of
the energy in the sun rays that touch
their leaves. This is more than twice
as much as had been supposed.
The best efficiency of engines in '
using energy in fuel Is sejdom more
than 30 per cent. How plants absorb
so much energy and use it without
getting hot is one of the unsolved
mysteries. - .. . ' L
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rid. can, chaU whk VopV Pius Su
La bor Peers
And Ballots
THE creation of six new peers
by King George VI has left
the House of Commons with five
vacancies and aroused speculation
that the British general elections
may be moved up to February or
-March.
The highest honor, a Vlscountcy,
went to the 64-year-old Laborite De
fense Minister A. V. Alexander, who
once made five shilling (70 cents) a
week as a clerk. Four other Labor
members of Commons were named
barons, advancing them to the House
f Lords.
; Normally these vacancies would be
filled by by-elections but under the
law, the British Labor government
must stand for re-election before July
1. At stake is the whole socialist pro
gram initiated by the Labor Party to
nationalize industry and provide uni
versal health and medical service. '
; Election May Be Soen
A government spokesman pointed
out last week that royal documents
on the elevation In rank would take
three or four weeks to prepare. He
said it might not be deemed necessary
to hold special elections if there is to
be a general election fairly soon.
The King conferred knighthoods on
SS persons. No baronetcies were cre
ated. As frequently happens,, obscure
as well as nationally distinguished
persons found places on the honor
list .
- One recipient of the British Empire
medal was Miss Elizabeth Hulmf of
Bruslem, who has been making teapot
lids at a Stoke-on-Trent pottery for
53 years. It is estimated she made
more than 16 million teapot lids.
. An award of commander of the
British Empire went to the British
actor, Leslie Banks, currently appear
ing in New York in the musical suc
cess, "Lost in the Stars.' t
Anniversary
West Prays for Snow
One year after the worst series of
blizzards in western history, ranchers
and farmers of the Rocky Mountain
states are praying for snow to re-
lieve a serious drought Montana and
Wyoming got some snow last week.
The mountain states depend on
snow to provide moisture for winter
crops and Irrigation for arid sum
mers. November and December
brought some of the balmiest weather
on record. Moisture is far below nor
mal Winter wheat has been damaged.'
Ifs an odd situation compared with
a year ago . when for seven weeks,
continuous blizzards almost suffo;
cated the west
In two days, railroad traffic came to
a standstill as snowdrifts, piled 30 feet
high. Locomotives of relief trains
were, buried to the smokestacks.
Towns were isolated and people
trapped : In buried houses. On ; the
ranges, 1 countless thousands of ani
mals perished. ,
More than a hundred people died.
The livestock Industry suffered ' a
multi-million dollar blow. Fish and
game animals took a terrific beating.
An army directed by , MaJ. Gen.
Lewis A. Pick, builder of the Ledo
, Road finally dug the stricken west out
Losses - were staggering but the
moisture brought to arid states by the
tremendous snowfall overbalanced
them. And water Is so important
western farmers and ranchers; are
willing to take another blizzard.
0
Predictions about setting up miles
of glass pipes that will replace farms
and make food for humans continu
ously, independently of seasons, are
based on hopes of understanding pho
tosynthesis. Dr. C. G. King, director I the NU?
trition Foundation of New York, says
the production of quantities of radio
active carbon compounds by atomic
energy plants is speeding progress of
photosynthesis studies.
Carbon is the principal part of liv
ing' cells. The radioactive carbon
compounds are made of carbon that
has been exposed to atomic piles. This
makes it emit rays that can be de
tected by sensitive instruments. Fed
to plants, the carbons can be traced
inside the plants. ,
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