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ALTHOUGH the war ended more than four years ago, Europe still
has millions of displaced persons. In Germany, alone, there are
eight to 12 million people in this category. They fall into three main
"classes 1 wartime refugees, 2 expellees, mostlyjof German origin,
forced back to the homeland in postwar purges and 3-political refu
gees from lands behind the iron
Matty are maxing wnai xney nope u
only a temporary atop in Germany en
route , to a bright new world.
Byjfar the majority have been un
able to find work in defeated Ger
1 ' many. Their situation has been steadily
growing more .desperate. Many are
living in the old Nazi concentration
camps' which have been converted.into
displaced person 'centers.
I Goal Is the C.S.
Most refugees would like to enter
the United States but stiff immigration
laws limit the quotas. Palestine is an
other; mecca. DPs, particularly with
agricultural backgrounds, are wel
comed in Canada, South America anc
somet of the African colonies.
Two team of U3. Congressmen and
Senators are winding up European
tours and a first-hand study of the
refugee situation. In Italy, last week,
at a special audience granted by the
Popei they were urged to help end the
"blight of peacetime detention camps."
"Political, economic and even social
dangers are involved In a policy of
further delay and exaggerated cau
tion,? the Pontiff said.
Rep. Francis E: Walter (D Pa.),
chairman of the touring House Judi
ciary subcommittee, declared that crit
ical refugee conditions could "sow the
seed! of Communism" and might well
constitute a dynamite cap for a future
explosion endangering world peace. .
Truman Wants New Law
President Truman? made the DP law
passed by the 80th Congress one of the
talking points in his campaign last
fall He is reported determined that
this session of Congress do something
about the 1943 law which he calls
"anti-Catholic and anti-Semitic."
Tie House last spring passed a bill
Increasing from 205,000 in two years
to 339,000 in,three years the number
of homeless Europeans who could be
admitted to this country. The House
bill ialso would remove some restric
tions in the present law which critics
contend are keeping out refugees from
Communist-dominated countries.
Sen. Patrick McCarran (D Nev.)
has bottled the bill up in the Senate
Judiciary committee of which he is
chairman. The Administration indicated-last
week it would accept an
reasonable compromise in an effort to
get action on this bill during the pres
ent session.
Sin. Scott LucS (D 111.), the Sen-,
ate majority leader, said he would be
open to any suggestion that McCarran
might make when he returns from the
European survey.
j Te Forre It Out
Lucas indicated that if McCarran
reliised to cooperate, the present ses
sion would not end until the Senate
hasj had a chance to vote on a pro
posal to take the'DP bill away from
McCarran's committee.
McCarran b not alone in his opposi
tion to the DP bill. Sen. William Lan
geri (R N.D.) declared he would have
a lot to say on the Senate floor if there
were any attempt to take the legisla
tion from McCarran's committee.
Sidelights
Jn Upper Darby, Pa., a beauty shop
posted this sign: "Don't whistle at any
girl leaving here it might be your
grandmother."
?n El Ferrol del Caudillo, Spain,
Christopher Columbus, 24, descendant
of jthe Italian navigator who discov
ered the new wor?d 457 years ago, is
studying English so that he will be
able to talk to the natives when he
makes a planned trip to America soon.
He) had to turn down an invitation to
attend Kew York's Columbus Day
ceremonies Wednesday because -of
duties as a lieutenant ,( JG) in the
-Spanish navy. .
In Soviet Kussia wnere marriage
was once taken rather casually, the jtional security measure.
Soiiet Supreme Court has ordered a ; Vinson's committee will be busy for
tightening of divorce procedure to some time, however, with4ts B-3.6 in
strengthen Communist family rela- I vestigation, hearings on which were
unships.
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STATUE-ThU grim memorial
will bear mute witnels to what,
happened at Hitler's Dachau.
Navy
Cloak & Dagger
A new chapter in the Navy's battle
against being "scuttled" in the unifica
tion of the armed services was opened
last week with cloak and dagger se
crecy, i K ;
) Typed copies df letters from three
high naval officials were slipped to
newsmen in the shadowy corridor of a
downtown Washington office building.
The letters were signed with names of
Adm. Louis Dcnfeld, chief of Nival
Operations; Adm. A W. Radford, commander-in-chief
of the Pacific fleet,
and V. Adm. Gerald F. Bogan, com
mander of the first Pacific task fleet
Secret Source
The naval source, who turned over
Che papers, stimulated that his name be
kept secret. Thpre were indications the'
Navy might sjart a probe to find out
bis identity, if . - '
- The gist of the documents was this:
; A statement by Adm. Denfeld that a
'Navy stripped of its offensive power
means a nation stripped of its offen
sive power."
; An assertion by V. Adm. Bogan that
Navy morale has slink "almost to de
spondency" because of belief that the
nation is being sold a "false bill of
goods." jf
A statement by Adm. Radford that
most Pacific;? fleet officers concur in
Bogan's and Capt. John G. Cromme
lin's views, is
' A fortnight ago, Capt Crommelin
"publicly charged that the Navy's at
tack force was "being nibbled to
death" at defense headquarters. Crom
melin said he jeopardized his career
by making the statement but declared
,he placed triie patriotism above hopes
for individual advancement
Congressional Probe
I Chairman tarl Vinson (D Ga.) of
I the House Afmed Services Committee
; promised a Congressional investiga
tion. He declared the complaints, in
' view of the responsibility of the men
whose names were signed to them,
merited full consideration as a na-
resumed last, week.
s
POLITICAL UNITY if J , MILITARY UNITY ,
NATION:
THE coal and steel strikes could
: x easily knock the late summer
business boomlet into a cocked
hat And if prolonged, the strikes
may change what has been an or
derly retreat from inflation into
a real recession, perhaps a dangerous
oni j !
Although industrial reaction has al
ready set in, most sectors of the na
tion's heavy industry won't be really
crippled by strike effects for about a
month. After that the toll will begin
to mount in geometrical progression.
. . , Creeping Paralysis .
Settling one strike, either coal or
steel, without ; settling the other,
would avail nothing. A creeping par
alysis would lay dead fingers on in
; dustry after industry from coast to
coast It might take months after the
settlement for some of the complex
mass production industries, like auto
mobiles, to recover from snarled sup
ply lines.
First to feel the effects of the coal
and steel stoppages are the retail
merchants in the mill towns and mine
fields and the railroads servicing the
industrial areas. Pennsylvania Rail
road reports a loss of 11 million dol
lars in revenue during the first two
weeks of the coal shutdown. The PRR
estimates a month-long steel strike
would cost it 10 million dollars in
revenue. j
Thus far, the nation's coal-carrying
railroads have furloughed nearly 35,
000. That loss in wages is well up in
the millions. ;
Strikes Are Costly
The loss of business, in paychecks
and in production, is almost astro
nomical in an extended strike in a
key industry. It's almost Impossible
to tally all the probable costs in dol
lars and cents, but here are some of
the computable factors.
The average steelworker earns $63
a week. The coal miner, working five
Idays, makes about $70. In wages,
alone, that amounts to 61 million dol
lars in weekly income.
Losses inal that would have been
sold already are estimated at more
than 100 million dollars.
Big Steel lost 330 million dollars as
a result of the 29-day strike in 1946.
It would probably lose more this year
during a similar shutdown because
prices are higher,
i . Production Cat 90
The American Iron and Steel Insti
tute placed loss of steel production
in the first week at 1,408,600 tons.
Dates
J
Tuesday, October 11
International Golden Rule
Week starts. !
Pulaski Memorial Day.
Birthday (65th), Mrs. Franklin
D. Rooseyelt
Wednesday, October 12
Columbus Day.
Farmer's Day; (legal holiday in
Florida). ;
Friday, October 14
Birthday (59th), Gen. Dwight
D. Eisenhower.
Sunday, October 16
Laymen's Sunday.
United Nations Week starts.
Children's Day.
Science
Lethal Atomic Wastes
Britain is building a pipeline out
into the ocean to dispose of dangerous
wastes from a new atomic research
station.
The Ministry of Supply, which di
rects atom research, reports the pipe
line, shielded in lead, is being con
structed from SeUafield, Cumberland,
out into the Atlantic.
Currents on the ocean floor are
counted on to dilute and spread the
radioactive wastes, making them
harmless.
Effect of the Coal,
STEEL The stacks are cold. The
More than 90 per cent of the steel
making facilities producing the week
before were shut down. Steel produc
tion was at its lowest level since the
week of February 11, 1946, during the
previous strike.
The heavy drain on worker family
savings is one of the most immediate
effects of strikes. It means economic
belt tightening whose effects are felt
by the wives and children of strikers.
Last week John L. Lewis, boss of
the United Mine Workers, sent 102,
000 coal miners back to the pits but
held 400,000 others still on strike. The
GERMANY: Another New State
Setting the Stage
At the United Nations in New York,
Russia has protested creation of the
west German state as a violation of
Big Four occupation statute but it is
ready, apparently, to set up a German
government of its own.
The Red Army newspaper in Berlin
last week endorsed imminent creation
of a "national government" in Berlin
by German Communists.
The official organ of the Soviet oc
cupation army declared the German
people demand this new government
"to overcome the western powers' pol
Abroad
Austria ns to the Polls
France is not the only western Eu
ropean government with a coalition
government despite Communist oppo
sition. Austria is run by a, coalition of
the right wing Peoples Party and the
Socialists.
And the Austrian national elections
being held this Sunday seem certain to
see that coalition continue. In the 1945
elections, the Peoples Party won 85 of
the Parliament's 165 seats. Socialists
won 76 and the Communists only four.
This time the balance of power may
shift to the Socialists, but there will be
no landslide.
Actually, Austria is well on the road
to a socialist state. Railroads have
been nationalized for 80 years and
steel since the end of the war. Aus
tria's health program is not as exten
sive as that of Britain's, but her social
security and labor laws are among the
most advanced in Europe.
The immediate goal of Socialists is
nationalization of the chemical indus
try and minor land reforms.
The right wing Peoples Party cam
paigned for free enterprise. With a
completely free hand, they would re
turn the steel industry to private own
ership. Commtraist Angle
Austrian Communists may not win
even one seat this time but they are
carrying on a bitter and expensive
campaign against the two major par
ties. Their angle is the usual Commu
nist one everyone else wants to sell
the country out to Wall Street im
perialists. Austrian Communists are against
formation of an Austrian army. An
army and air force of 55,000 men is
authorized by the draft treaty of inde
pendence which still is being discussed
by the occupying powers.
Communists claim that only "war
mongers' want an army in Austria.
The other parties feel an army is need
ed to prevent the Communists from
attempting a roup d'etat ;
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mills are silent. An industrial paralysis creeps across the nation.
miners went back on the Job after a
terse hint from union headquarters
that their idleness "is not now vital
to the pending wage negotiations."
Union Is Adamant
Philip Murray, head of the United
Steel Workers and also president of
the CIO, is adamant about union de
mands for company-paid pensions and
insurance. These were the recommen
dations of a Presidential fact-finding
board which, incidentally, "turned
down union demands for a wage in
crease. icy of division and to build a united,
independent democratic Germany.
It denounced leaders of the west
German federal republic at Bonn as
"miserable puppets, completely con
trolled by foreign imperialists."
Informed sources predict the east
German republic will be proclaimed in
Berlin by October 20 without any sem
blance of a popular election.
Food
More for Your Money
Government surveys show that you.
the consumer, are spending less for
i'.,ft"rU"nI")""""Un
The Agriculture Department
says
the average person spends about 26
per cent of his income for food' com
pared with 28 per cent a year ago.
By July of this year, the farmer's
share of the consumer's food dollar
had fallen to 48 cents from a wartime
peak of 54 cents.
The farmer's share in July varied by
types of food. It was 36 cents of the
dollar paid for all fruits and vegeta
bles, 63 cents for meat and meat prod
ucts, 57 for dairy products, 65 for
poultry and eggs and 26 cents for
bakery and cereal products.
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1-
TRAITOR Mrs. lva Toguri D'Aquine (Tokyo Rose) Is escorted
from Federal, Court In Son Francisco after conviction on one of
eight counts of treason that were committed during the war.
Steel Strikes
- s i ' . ' 1
i "PI r (
t
The big steel companies say they
won't agree to a plan that eliminates
employe payments entirely. They
claim such a costly program would
lessen job security and could lead to
a common disaster for employes and
companies alike.
In Detroit, the big CIO Auto Work
ers Union accepted a Ford Co. offer
to set up a company-financed pension
plan along the lines recommended by
fact-finders in the steel industryThe
Auto Workers planned to serve the
same demands on General Motors,
Chrysler and other car manufacturers.
Quotes
Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower to
Gay G. Gabrielson, Republican
national chairman: "Develop a
set of principles so you can tell
the difference between a Repub
lican and a Democrat."
The Rev. Charles II. Long, Jr.,
26, Shanghai delegate to the
House of Deputies of the Protes
tant Episcopal Church of Amer
ica in convention at San Fran
cisco: "Communism seems to be
in China to stay. Chinese Chris
tians believe the Church must try
to adjust to the regime or die."
MEDICINE: Sex
Relief from Arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis affects millions
of Americans. It is an) extremely pain
ful swelling of joints, that twists old
and young bodies, stooping shoulders
or crippling fingers.
Scientists at the Oklahoma Research
Foundation and the University of
Oklahoma School of Medicine report
that sex hormones, both male and fe
male, may bring relief to arthritic
victims.
Eighty-one of 90 patients with rheu
matoid arthritis were freed from pain
- V y
MAO TZE-TUNG, a peasant's
son turned revolutionary, is
the head of the Chinese Commu
nist government with jurisdiction
over 200 million people.
The 56-year-old general's new ;
title is chairman of the Central Peo
ples Government of the Peoples Re
public of China. Elected with him at
the Peiping consultative assembly are
six vice-chairmen who with Mao will
direct the government council.
One of the vice-chairmen is Madam
Sun Yat-sen, sister-in-law of Mao's
arch enemy, Generalissimo Chiang
Kai-shek, now. in retirement Madam ;
Sun's designation was no surprise; she
had long been a Communist adherent -
Her late husband. Dr. Sun Yat-sen, led
the 1911 revolution which set up the f
first Chinese republic. i
Russian Recognition
Russia did not delay diplomatic rec
ognition of the new Red Chinese re- ?
public. This brought a demand in the
United Nations by Chinese, Nationalist j;
delegates for scrutiny of Soviet actions
as a menace to peace and security in
the Orient.
The 59-nation political committee of J
the U.N. voted to consider the Chinese ;
case but put it at the bottom, -not the '
top of the calendar as Nationalist '
spokesmen had urged. I
The United States may hold back on '
recognition as long as possible, even :
though remnants of the Nationalist
government carry on the fight from
remote corners of China. The; British,
however, look more favorably on the ,
new republic. The British have invest
ments in China ranging in value from :
100 to 150 million dollars and Britain
sorely needs to retain its profitable
China trade. k
British Are Willing
The British Foreign Office an- ;
nounced from London it was ready to '
discuss recognition of the new Red
Chinese government with 18 other ;
governments, including the U.S.
These countries are the 11 member- .in
states of the North Atlantic Alliance
and the members of the British Com
monwealth, j m
Washington, however, is maintain-
ing a strict status-quo position. Last
week three American merchant ships
were held off Communis Shanghai by
two Nationalist gunboats. Adm. Louis
Denfeld, chief of Naval Operations, re- "
fused to intervene. j
The ships had tried to run a block-
ade imposed by the Nationalists June
25 in an attempt to choke off trade
with the Communists. Admi Denfeld
wired the owners, the Isbrandtsen '
Line of New York, that use of U.S.
naval forces "under the present cir
cumstances would not be in linevithr
American policy. j
t
In Short
Commissioned: By President Tru- ''
man. Gen. George C. Marshall, as !
president of the American Red Cross,
succeeding Basil O'Connor.
Announced: By the Vatican radio, ;
world Catholic population is 423,000,- 1
000, a one-third increase in Church
membership since 1920, while world
population was increasing one-sixth.
Devalued: By Argentina, the peso in
relation to the U.S. dollar, fty 45 per
cent. - 'i
Hormones
and swellings within four to 12 weeks, !
they said. The patients felt better, i
could move more easily, gained weight 1
and recovered appetites.
But use of the sex hormones can't be !
called a cure nor even a treatment yet,
the report said. )
The good effects usually lasted only
as long as the injections continued.
The hormones also brought improve-
ment in four patients with gout, and ;
two with rheumatic fever.
The vital hormones, produced byj
sex glands in the body, can be danger-';
ous to use. Overdoses make some pa
tients sick. Too much of I the male
hormone, testosterone, may produce;
masculinizing effects on women. And
the female hormone, estradiol, may
affect men adversely. ?
The sex hormones are being pro
duced synthetically in large amounts.
The Oklahoma scientists I say more
study may show whether they can be
used safely until some specific treat
ment is found for arthritis)
New Re spf rotor js
A Harvard University doctor has de
veloped an electrophrenicf respirator
that in some cases may replace the
heavy iron lung. It attaches directly
to the phrenic nerve in the arm to
stimulate breathing.
Thus far it has been used primarily
to help newborn infants take their first
breaths. But scientists say it could be
used on drowning persons or those
shocked by electricity. It might also
aid polio victims, they said.
In appearance the electrophrenie
respirator resembles a small portable,
radio. The little box has Wires, elec
trodes, that attach to the phrenic
nerve, causing muscles that control
breathing to expand and contract, f
All respirators 'work on the dia
phragmthe thin muscle wall be
tween the chest and abdomen. But
Harvard scientists say" this is one of
the first to stimulate breathing move
ments of the muscle wall through the
arm nerve. I