JL
WITNESS - Former President
Hoover testifies before Senate
Armed Service Committee.
Senate to Consider
North Atlantic Pact
ADMINISTRATION Jeaders are confident that the Senate even
tually will ratify the North Atlantic treaty but long debate is
expected once it reaches the Senate floor. The first step will be pub
lic hearings, conducted by the Foreign Relations Committee. These
hearings will give opportunity to supporters and critics of the pact
outside of Congress to express. their views.
In forwarding the pact to the en-
te. Mr. Truman aked its approval
s "only one step although a long
one on the road to peace." He stressed
the theme that neither this country
nor any other natun can achieve
peace independently.
Lone Road Ahead
"No single action, no matter how
significant, will achieve peace," said
the President. "We must continue to
work patiently and carefully, advanc
ing with practical, realistic steps in
the light of circumstances and events
as they occur."
Without referring directly to Rus
sia, the President declared that peo
ple of the North Atlantic countries
have seen solemn agreements broken,
rights of smU nations destroyed and
people of email nations deprived of
freedom by terror and oppression.
"They are resolved," said Mr. Tru
man, "that their nations shall not, one
by one, suffer the same fate."
Actually there is a broad base of
Senate support for the treaty. Last
June the Senate approved the Van
denberg resolution which favored this
country's participation of regional se
curity pacts within the framework of
the United Nations charter.
Cms Is Military Aid
Focus t the debate will be on the
cost of military aid to European mem
bers. There is widespread agreement
thai the arms project is essential if
the pactritself is to have any lasting
effect.
Critics say the arms aid will run to
billions of dollars but some experts
counter that actual military supplies
will be limited to whatever the Amer
ican chiefs of staff declare to be sur
plus. In Short
Awarded: By the Soviet Council of
Ministers, Stalin prizes for 1948 to
Georgi Latyshev for atomic research"
and to Sergei Vernon for experimen
tation with cosmic rays.
Celebrated: By President Truman,
kit fourth anniversary as Chief Ex
ecutive, by lunching with the entire
Senate and Democratic and Republi
can leaders of the House.
Reported: By Marshall Plan officials,
that ha western Europe except for
the- smashed Ruhr steH production
during the last quarter of 1948 was six
per cent higher than in any prewar
year.
Reeupe rating: Jaroi V. Forrestal,
farmer Secretary of Defense, in Beth
esda Naval Hospital, from nervous
exhaustion caused by overwork.
Sidelights
Britons have been warned to be
o ike Imkout for "bminy grits,"
eiace- ueder the new EC A appropria
tion IS per cent a mil earn shipped
t Europe must be milled inte meal or
grits. The English just daa't eat corn,
except far a few eccentrics who buy
rostitiefc eeas ence or twice ia sum
aacr. Ttae British climate ia too celd to
raise ausck f H. "Grits aren't as bad
aa they eeund," comforts. The Lmndon
Datiy Jfetvfd. "Americans down aauth
wee it an ariace af pat-ridge ar chips
(potatoes)."
In Cranfordv N. J., a feed merchant
pat dewn a $1,000 sidewalk in front
af his stare. The township council
passed an ordinance banning, display
an sidewalks stretching; from c'qrb to
etore. The feed merchant was-the only
one wtt aueh sidewalk. Next day,
the Saercnial rented- an air drill, took
up has stew $1,000 improvement. Now
it's business as usual with a aJepiay
of plants, eeeds and fertilizer outside
the window.
In Bteomfleld, N. J., a driver ex
plained why he left the scene of an
accident it was one man against four
ladies, each six feet tall or over. The
other car held four members of the
Amazon Club, uhch starts its mem
bership at the six foot level.
(All RtflhtJ Rrrve4, AP f,t-iitures
.V. Ha
COLLEGE RIOT-Police quell a picket
ing alleged anti-Semitism and racial discrimination by two faculty m
Here is one student in a wild melee surrounded by detective and
Ing alleged anti-Semitism and racial
People
Tito, Bold & Defiant
For some time the United States
has been quietly easing restrictions
on trade with Yugoslavia. No change
in policy has been
publicly announced
but some . scarce
American equip
ment and machin
ery which is denied
other eastern Euro
pean countries has
been shipped to
Yugoslavia with
government ap
proval. More will follow
later if Marshal
Tito maintains his
independence from Moscow. Included
in the shipments have been scarce
oil drilling equipment for which
Tito is in dire need.
Last weekend in a major policy
speech, the Yugoslav premier charted
his course. It would be a crime against
his socialist state, he declared, not to
trade with the west on a business
basis.
Boldly defiant, Tito accused former
comrades in Russia and the Comin
form of trying to liquidate him by
stirring up civil war. He decried their
efforts as anti-Marxist and anti-Leninist
defamation.
It was Tito's first major address
since New Year's Eve and one of the
few he has made since last June when
the Cominfot-m expelled him and his
party on charges of nationalism and
pursuing -anti-Soviet policies.
Tito, resplendent in a braided blue
uniform, spoke for two hours and 12
minutes to 2.500 delegates at the
Third Congress of the People's Front.
He was greeted by chants of "Tito
Hero," "Tito, Hero;."
He stressed the independent theme,
declaring that Yugoslavia was not
sailing in imperialist waters but
building Socialism successfully and
with assurance.
Delegates passed a resolution con
demning: the "campaign of lies and
slander" directed at Tito and the
Yugoslav government by the Comin
form. A complete departure from tradi
tion was the absence of huge pictures
of Stalin from the stage decorations.
Stalin's pictures have been disappear
ing since the break with the Com inform.
FINANCE: Airlines in the Red
In the National Interest
Why have the airlines been losing
money at a time when almost every
one etse has been prosperous?
The sjuesrian was posed by Sen.
Edwin Jaansen (D-Cole), ; chairman
of the Seaate Commerce Committee
studying, taaaces and operations of
1C of the' nafiena largest commercial
air carriers. '
The government handed over 53
million dollars in etfbeidies to thee
linea last year to get them put of the
red about double the goverament
stipend they received in 1947.
Northwest's
wefs
WtMcM of
y. II
In
0 lajored. Initial
a severaJ-aaitllon-dollar
Seattle. Olysapia and Taeaaaa. The Sales area feU the tresaor
bai very little damage was reported. It eaaae Jast as an "earth -
; oiH waa neder discussion in the senate aad a few
after the leeltnesnan delecatiaa had asaod for eaaer-
tency powers far the corernar la event mi flood ar earth aaae
Resorts at the weekend ladieated total damage might reach
$15.Qet,6. The tremor's Intensity was recorded by srismaTraphft
anly 1 degree lew thaa the 'qaake which malted U a
hatf-eillioa dollar lot. Sum Francisco 4S years aca.
1 4 .
line at New York's City College, protest-
discrimination by two faculty members.
police.
ft:'
TFCd WCE) f fob
TAXES: The Dispute
GEN. OMAR N. BRADLEY, the
Army's chief of staff, theo
rized to Congress recently that if
tnere should be another war in
volving the United States there
would be three phases of actual
combat. These, he said, would be:
1. Defense of the homeland and a
retaliatory air blow to cripple the
enemy's industry and morale.
2. Continued strategic air bombard
ment from advance bases, with the
Navy keeping the sea lanes open for
supplies.
3. An all-out land assault where the
final decision would be made.
"It would be tragic for our nation,"
said Gen. Bradley, "if when they rang
the bell for the third round, the Army
had to answer, 'Wait for two years
and we'll coma out swinging.' "
That's the kind of argument every
able armed forces chief makes at ap
propriations hearings. It packs terrific
weight with Congressional commit
tees, eager to prune military budgets
yet wary of slashing too deep.
The Other Side
There is another and disputed part
to the picture. Former President
Herbert Hoover sketched one side of
it for the Senate Armed Forces Com
mittee last week and it was rebutted
next day by Army Secretary Kenneth
Royall.
Mr. Hoover said the annual military
burden on taxpayers has grown so
great that, coupled with other govern
ment spending, it seriously imperils
national economy.
The former President said there
was "staggering waste" in military
spending and declared it was "almost
impossible" for Congressional com
mittees to find out what is being done
with the defense dollar.
He spoke from a report prepared by
a "task force" of the Hoover Commis
sion on Reorganization of the Execu-
Quotes
San. Warren G. Magnuson CD
Wash) parrying questions about
his rumored impending mar
riage to actress June Millarde:
"I have no comment to maka
about my private life or the
private life of a charming lady."
FraaJdia D. Beeseveit, Jr.,
whose wife, the former Ethel du
Pont, arrived in Reno' to estab
lish residence for divorce: "I
never discuss my private life in
public."
Joseph J. O'Conneti. Jr., chairman
of the Civil Aeronautics Board, ad
mitted that substantial government
sad wM be needed to help some air
Hoes became economically sound.
"BMt," be told the committee,
"neither CAB nor the Reconstruction
Finance Corporation favors a general
bailing out of financially distressed
carriers."
O'Coaaell said CAB and RFC are
preStr much in agreement an poncy
for airline finance. The CAB believes
RFC might loan up to 100 per cent on
the value of new eoumnient, but RFC
holds it is not legally paosible to loan
ra than 60 to T per cent of value.
Earthquako
earthsjaakc ba eat
serves as IIM a. sa-, bitnag
Caere were t known dead aa a
of daaaare slwlndtad, aot there
loss reaardless. mosUv ia
PROTEST Andrei A. Gromyko
western powers with setting
Listening (left) are John Foster
I 'fMi1ifi I; r M'
Milian, Yankr, N.Y., Ntrold ilalfmon
CONSTANT SAP
tive Branch of the Federal Govern
ment. The task force chairman,
Ferdinand Eberstadt,. New York
banker, placed the money needlessly
spent each year for defense at roughly
one and one-half billion dollars.
Army Secretary Kenneth Royall
testified next day that the Hoover
report was "totally incorrect."
He charged that the military estab
lishment could have saved up to one
billion dollars last year but for un
workable provisions in the present
unification law. There was no doubt,
he said, that the nation was less able
to deal with an emergency now than
before the law was passed.
Mr. Hoover accused the armed
forces of "padding" accounts and cited
th
Pull 'Em All Out, Sir?
British dentists are pulling teeth
and Ailing cavities by the stop-watch.
It's a test to determine how much
time they spend treating each patient
and why dentists, under the new So
cialized Health Program, are earning
such high salaries.
The Ministry of Health ordered the
experiment. Five hundred dentists
working under the health program
are doing the timing. Another 50 den
tists in private practice are filling out
the same records as a check. They
were chosen at random.
Minister of Health Aneurin Sevan's
calculations on the costs of "free"
dentistry were thrown completely out
of whack by the fat paychecks col
lected by dentists. Bevan immediately
cut in half all gross payments over
4.800 pounds ($19,200) a year "because
of the urgency of the situation."
Bevan fixed the rates at $2 for an
extraction, $4 for a simple filling, and
& for a complicated lllbag. He figured
dentists cetdd work 33 ckairside hours
a week and, at these rates, earn a
gross annual Income of '$13,200.
Many dentists, however, apparently
work much faster than Bevan calcu
lated. There is nothing m the law to pre
vent a dentiot frera worfcrng. day and
night. Soma apparently do.
War
Not Easy to Discuss
A Swiss government spokesman
predicts it will be unlikely that the
Soviet Union and its satellites will
take part in drafting a new conven
tion far the protection of civilians in
any future war.
The Swiss government, which
called an international conference in
Geneva for April 21 to revise the Ge
neva War Conventions, said it has
received rejections from Yugoslavia,
Poland and Czechoslovakia.
Forty-eight nations have acceptfd.
inc luding ail the western powers and
tlw Scardirivian countrit-s.
i
(right), Russian delegate to the U.N.,
up military bases in Italy's prewar
Dulles of the U.S. and Britain's Hector
on Military
examples of gross inefficiency and
waste. He said the Air Force wanted
to build 910 family homes in Alaska
at a cost of $58,350 per house. In its
budget requests for 1950, the Army
wants funds to modernize 102 tanks it
doesn't have, at a cost of $100,000
each, he said.
The report brought to light a $30,
000,000 clerical error in a National
Guard appropriation request for 69
155-miIlimoter howitzers. The cost of
the guns was quoted at $39,000,000
but later it was discovered the figure
"3" had been added through a mis
take in typing.
Other instances of extravagance or
needless requests for funds cited by
the report included:
ZIPPERS: The
Open & Shut Case
The customs court in Washington
has ruled that a zipper is not a ma
chine and. thereby hangs a tale with
mechanical teeth.
Customs agents had classified some
imported zippers as mere imported
metal instead of imported machines.
It meant more tariff for the govern
ment. The importer objected to paying the
higher rate. It took two judges seven
pages to wrap up their decision estab
lishing what a zipper is by defining
what it isn't.
Strategic
Stopping the Leaks
The government is trying to check
mate the stealthy shipment of stra
tegic materials to countries behind the
Iron Osrtain.
Last week in Houston. Tea cus
toms agents seiaed a $150,000 ship
meat of carbon black that had made
a mysterious roond-about trip from
Texas to Mexico and back astestsibly
est route to Rotterdam, Holland.
Carbon black gives long-lasting
eexhtiea to rubber used for tires or
industrial purposes and- is one of the
items on the government list of goods
denied Soviet Russia.
Further investieetions are under
way in other parts of tbe country,
deana with other materials.
The Commerce Department's Office
of International Trade (OIT) has re
voked some licenses for export of cer
tain goods to Marshall plan countries
because of suspicions that they were
to be moved on to the Soviet bloc.
One recent instance includes a ship
ment of a rubber-treating chemical to
Switzerland, which OIT feared would
wind up in Poland.
The Economic Cooperation Admin
istration, handling Marshall plan aid,
often does purchase carbon black (no
longer in short supply in this country)
for the Dutch. EC A. however, had
nothing to do with the confiscated
shipment.
1 e
iBHBMeaBaBaoMWBHeevqBjHttoHeweM VJ':''-'ir
'. i -i - v' '
1 J. :
' ' i -
1-21 ' i -,' - "''"11"-' rrrr
charges
BONNIE PRINCE CHARLIE Princess Elizabeth, who wilt be 23 :
next Thursday, poses smiling with her son for the first in-
formal pictures since his birth five and one-half months ago.
colonies.
McNeil.
W
Budgets
Svweufi, ftwrToJo Evening Ntwl
BECOMING UNBEARABLE
Air Force plans to build 828 houses
on Guam at a cost of $48,000 each and
7.880 houses in the continental United
States at $18,000 each.
Pomt-by-Point Attack
Royall said the Hoover 'Commission
received a letter last month pointing
out 10 errors in the task force report
but they never were corrected.
Royall made a point-by-point at
tack on the task force report. He said
the 102 tanks had been shifted to the
Marine Corps after budget requests
had gone in. He said the task force
had been informed in plenty of time
about the now-classic $30,000,000
typist's error but had ignored these
and other mistakes in its "scoops to
the press."
Machine Age
Confusing? Well, take a short ride
on a tricycle. The judges did.
The importer's expert witness was
a college professor of mechanical en
gineering. Zippers certainly are ma
chines, said the professor, just like
children's tricycles.
The court grabbed at the compari
son. The wind-up was that tricycles
may be "mechanical contrivances,"
but they're not machines because
"energy or force is applied to the tri
cycle, but is not utilized by it."
From there on, it was pretty smooth
coasting for the judges, especially alt
er they got it down that "pulling the
zipper tab in a longitudinal direction
causes a transverse force to be exer
cised on the slider."
Footpower is to the tricycle what
hand power is to the zipper, the judges
ruled. They finished it off oh the sev
enth and final page, breathing easy.
"Energy or force is not applied by
the ripper but rather energy or farce
is applied to it by ha ad power. Neither
is it true that energy or force is
modi fled or utiHred by the zipper. . . .
We are clearly of the opinion that zip
pers are not machines."
Dates
r, AprH It
Anniversary (4ft d) San Fran
cisco Are.
Taesday, April It
Patriot's Day (Me. Maes.).
Thursday, April 21
Passover, last day.
Anniversary (51st), start of the
Spanish -American War.
San Jacinto Day (legal holi
day in Texas).
International conference to re
vise war conventions opens in
Geneva, Switzerland
Saaday, April 24
Daylight Saving Time begins.
World Fellowship Week starts.
U S -Canada Good Will Week
starts. i
I r
Death &
A Childl
A FRESHLY plowed field at
San Marino, Calif., obliter
ates the scene but not 'the mem
ory of the death of Kathy Fiscus.
For 53 hours last! weekend
millions hoped and prayed-
that 3-year-olti Kathy would be res
cued alive from the abandoned well
into which she had stumbled. ) I
Volunteers, using expensive, well
drilling outfits that ordinarily rent for
$500 a day, worked round the; clock
sinking shafts down to the 100-foot
depth where the child's body was
lodged. When they reached her, Kathy
was dead. ; i
Doctors said she had died within an
hour or two after the fall. One said
she might have lived if her knees had
not been jammed against herl chest.
Her jackknife position in1 the 1 4-inch
well casing made breathing difficult.
A preliminary autopsy report said
suffocation was the cause of death,1
ine i;oiuns i;ase
Something like this happened once
before. In 1925 Floyd Collins was
trapped in a Kentucky cave, and for
days the story of attempts to (rescue
him was on the front pages of every
newspaper in America. But Collins
was a grown man. Kathy was tiny and
helpless. !
Newspapers in Stockholm, London
and Melbourne, Australia, held presses
for news of Kathy. Only behind the
Iron Curtain was the story snubbed.
The Czech news agency banned it as
"purely sensational, without Signifi
cance and without educational value."
But across America, telephone
switchboards at newspaper offices and
radio stations were jammed with calls
from the moment the child's plight
became known. Chicago newspapers
reported h brought raor calls than St
any time since the end of the war.
The story rated attention irt Con
gress. Rep. Donald L. Jackson (It
Calif) declared that only in things
like the Kathy crisis do industry and
labor find common cause. ; "Perhaps,'
he said, "the words af the Scripture
will prove true: 'A little child shall
leajthem.' " . j
Waves ol Feeliag
Tbe Los Angeles Chamber of, Com
merce set up an overall committee ta
consolidate funds contributed to re
ward the sandhogs and engineers who
braved death in the vain rescue at
tempt. Some will be recommended for
Carnegie Hero Medals. i
H. E. (Whitey) Blickensderfer,
"foreman" of the volunteer rescue
eauad. said. "We're net heroes. It was
just a matter of simple humanity.'
Archeology
Heart of Gold j
Tti wife of an Egyptian iemplo
scribe "who lived 2,500 years ago was
buried with a heart of gold, arclM
elegists discovered last week, I
Under the custom of the era, the
heart and other vital organs were re
moved from the body before burial.
They were put in a jar and placed In
a tomb with the coffin. These organs
were replaced in the body by golden
replicas. i !S !i
The Memphis temple scribe, whoso
tomb was discovered March 2t. was
identified as Kaamrfeir, which means
"beautiful personality.' , !
Ali Ayoug Bey. Xgyptianniwlster
of education, watched archeoi agists
dotkately Mft the lids sf the Lebanon
cedar caskets in the rock-walled,
taawhs tee feet beiow ground in the
Sekkara cemetery, about IS I miles
south of Cairo. t . I
Several hours were eWeted to the
opening of the first lour of It comae
found in the tombs. As each waa
opened, photographic experts of the
U. S. Navy and Calre medical re
search center took colored snevies end
still pictures. f 1!
As the lid was lifted from one cas
ket, a gold leaf mask glittered in the
glare of electric lighting. Jt was the
coffin of a woman. The age-blackened J
mummy had a covering v$r the
breast carrying gold, red end yellow -inscribed
characters. The remainder
of the body was covered with a net of
light blue and black small beads.
' Curiously, the archeologists found
three mummies without coffins. Two
of these were intact but the third had
been crushed, probably by, a rockfajl. ,
4