t--? l .11 zerurtv-fil A-.-.-5ii! wi': A n. ,.:Vt
4 TS"S(afiina'SQlem;X)rjoru Sunday.' December 2S. 1948 -
teaoti
"To faoor Sways Vt, No Fear Shall Ace
From First Statesman. March tl 1U1
THE STATESMAN PUBLISHING COMPANY
CHARLES A. SPRAGUE, Editor and Publisher
fKntared at tfie postofflce at Salem. Oregon, as second class matter under act of congress March J. 1ST. Published
every morning except Monday. Business office SIS S. Commercial. Seiem. Oregon. Telephone 1-2441.
tTe Associates Prtsa la eaa exctestvely to the ate fee reeesScanon of an the local newt prntteg la this aewtpeper,
as wen as a AT newt eUspatchee.
MEMBER PACTIC COAST DIVISION OT BURXAU OF ADVXRTISINO
Advertising Represent Uvea Ward -Griffith Co, New York. Chicago. Saa Francisco. Detroit,
MEMBER AUDIT BUREAU OF CZRCUxUtION
By Malt (la Avase
One month .
Six months .
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"G6od Neighbor" Limit
Hugh Baillie, president of the United Press
home from a five-month tour of South America
where he interviewed numerous big-wigs, re
ports that they feel the United States dropped
its good neighbor policy when the war ended,
and with it the threat of German invasion of the
arjithern continent. Of South Americans, Baillie
said:
They want our sympathy and understanding.
They want U. S. economic, assistance but not U. 3.
thinking. American business is welcome in most of
the countries, particularly in Chile and Peru, which
are badly in need of dollars "
The United States did dish out the dollars and
military supplies to SA in the Roosevelt era,
successfully outbidding the axis for favor. And
the stream dried up when the war ended. At
Bogota the announcement of Secretary Marshall
that a half billion was being made available for
Latin American countries in the Marshall plan
met with a chilly reception: They wanted a
whole lot more.
There's a limit to what the United States can
carry of world needs. To weaken our own
strength to support others in a style to which
they are not accustomed injures this nation and
does no "permanent good to others unless they
get on their own feet. South America profited
by the war. It suffered no war losses, no bomb
ings, no drain on life and treasure. It should be
able to forge ahead to develop its resources with
its own energies and capital.
Unfortunately, politics is still a chief industry
in those countries. American investment runs
considerable risk. Until there is greater political
stability and assurance of fair dealing to foreign
capital private investors will be slow to go south
with their money. And the U. S. government
should hot continue to be Lady Bountiful to
these countries. .
A good neighbor gives aid in time of real
need; he doesn't take over permanent support
of the family next door.
Independent Eire
The Irish dail or parliament has passed a bill
to sever its relations with the British common
wealth. The act will become effective at a date
to be proclaimed in early 1949. No longer will
Eire ; have any organic connection with Great
Britain or the commonwealth.
The new act, however, will effect little change
In the relations between Ireland and Britain.
About the only tie has been the provision of the
External Relations act which provided that the
British king should sign Eire's treaties and in
struments in foreign relations. Expunging this
requirement, which is done with no protest from
Britain, completes the establishment of Eire as
n independent and free state.
That Britain had no claim on Ireland was
proven in the last war when Eire maintained
neutrality and refused to let the ships of the Bri-
State Department Revisions Studied
Editor's note: Joseph Alsop has
left . for Europe and his reports
from Berlin. Paris. Borne, Belgrade
and London will shortly begin ap
pearing in this space.
By Stewart Alsop
WASHINGTON, Dec. 25
There is now at least a chance
that something will actually be
done to bring order out of the
chaos in wmcn
the state de
partment ope
rates, although
every previous
such attempt
has failed abys
mally since tho
days of John
Adams. A
Hoover com
mission sub
committee, in a
a. i ? i a
UAreTs
ornmended a long overdue and
far-reaching reorganization of
the department. And perhaps
this time some sort of action
will result.
Th
e basict"
problem which !
the reDort
port bold- I
2a .,,v. tm f
J - r
that of respon- I
sibility and au
a m r a.
inoriiy. as l
thlnirf now 2
stand, there
are just four i
men In the state
a e p a r t - & j
ment with the AAJL
authority to act Stewart Alsop
on Amen can
foreign policy in any of. its
aspects and in any part of the
world. These are the secretary,
the under secretary, the coun-
selor and . the chief planning
officer.
?At present," all four of these
officers, George C Marshall,
Robert A. Lovett, Charles E.
BoMen and Georf e Kennan, are
men of great ability and en
" ergy But they are badly" over
burdened. And this concentra
tion of authority in so few
hands has led to a sort of paraly
sis in the lower ranks.
One consequence is that, in
; order to spread responsibility
where no individual can take
final decisions, a rrotesque com
mittee system, fantastically time
consuming, has developed. (One
wag - has suggested that the
EV-e song of For gr Bottom, as
t"-' state department is not very
si -
M3
j
eueaa MM!
I Or TatS AS SOCIATKD MLXSS
By City Carrier
Oregon Euewnere in U.3.A. atontn
1 00
. s.ee
AIM
Six month.
tish navy use its ports for bases. This was a very
serious matter for Britain in the height of the
German submarine campaign, when convoying
across the ' Atlantic was necessary. Conditions
would have been much worse had the navy and
convoys and aircraft not been able to use ports
and bases in northern Ireland, where the coun
ties ate still a part of Britain,
j The leaders of the Irish Free State are still
determined to bring all of Ireland under the one
government. This will be their next goal. There
have been some hints that the labor government
might be agreeable to such a consolidation; but
probably it still is a long way off. Prejudices die
hard in Ireland, and the British themselves will
be loath to assent to the loss of northern Ireland
through its union with Eire.
Relations between the Irish and the English
have shown improvement. Ireland depends larg
ely on theiBritish market; and Britain has an
nounced it will not treat citizens of Ireland as
aliens. After the centuries of strife between the
two it is refreshing to learn that the two peoples
are learning to live side by side, at peace and
with mutual respect and freedom of travel and
commerce. 11 the English and the Irish can learn
to do this, there is hope for other peoples and
nations.
Better Accommodations for Session
' J Salem is going to be in better position to take
'care of the legislators this session than before.
Both the big hotels, the Marion and the Senator,
. have been- engaged in extensive programs of
construction and remodeling. The old' Marion
has refurnished its rooms, reconstructed its lob
by and dining room and coffee shop. The Sena
tor has expanded, completing its addition and
installing a complete new dining department,
with several private dining rooms. Then there
are additional or enlarged .restaurants in and
adjacent to Salem.
Charges are going to be higher than ever (a
situation not confined to Salem) but accommo
dations are going to be better and more ample.
These improvements merit commendation for
the owners, as well as patronage, for they help
to make Salem a comfortable as well as attrac
tive capital city.
Remember the very high prices for meat last
spring and summer? That was the time to be in
the meat packing business, for sure. Well, the
financial reports of the big meat packers are
coming out. Armour's shows a $2,000,000 loss.
Swift & company made less money than the year
before. Cudahy and Wilson had lower profits,
too. A packing house strike and decline in meat
prices ate into profits. Evidently the housewives'
resistance to high meat prices brought results.
affectionately known, should be
"Set Up Another Committee,
sung to the tune of "Give Us
Another Old Fashioned.) This
committee system has inevitably
led to a tendency to shove all
but the most absolutely inescap
able decisions under the rug, in
the same way that a lazy man
puts off answering a letter until
it is no longer necessary to
answer it.
The Hoover subcommittee,
headed by Harvey Bundy and
James Grafton Rogers, has at
tacked this messy situation from
two different directions. In the
first place, they suggest that the
load at the top be spread. They
recommend the appointment of
two additional deputy under
secretaries, one with responsi
bility for "high-level operational
policy" in other words to
take the important day-to-day
policy decisions and one to
take over all responsibility for
the dull but necessary routine
of administering the depart
ment. Moreover, the report recom
mends a new assistant secretary
to deal with congress (a vjtally
important job now assigned to
Counselor Bohlen as one of his
innumerable duties) and an as
sistant secretary to deal rwith
the general public. But the most
striking recommendation calls
for four new "regional" assist
ant secretaries, and one assist
ant secretary for "multilateral
affairs." Within broad limits,
laid down by the secretary, it
would be up to the four re
gional assistant secretaries to
make their own decisions in
their own areas Europe, the
Near-East and Africa, the Far
East and the Western Hemi
sphere. Meanwhile, .the assistant
secretary for multilateral affairs
would act as a sort of mediator
among them, to keep : the lines
uncrossed.
Thus in each geographic area
there would be one man with
real authority. Accordingly, the
buck-passing committee system,
largely designed to avoid of de
lay the making of decisions,
should wither away. Moreover,
the top officers should be given
what they so desperately need,
time to think.
If these recommendations are
put into effect, it will be one
c.' T f
" :
. 1.M
- LOS
of those events which are much
more important than they seem
to be. The way in which the
state department is organized
was all very well for a time
when the United States could
shuffle along comfortably
enough with little or no foreign
policy. But now, unfortunately,
the United States must have a
foreign policy, intelligently con
ceived and decisively carried
out. if we are to survive. Some
such sweeping reorganization as
that recommended by Bundy
and Rogers is essential if the
state department is to do its job.
Yet there is a further prob
lem, aside from internal re
organization of the department,
which obviously has worried the
authors of the. report, but which
they have not successfully at
tacked. The state department is the
agency of the government charg
ed with making foreign policy.
Yet there are vast areas of pol
icy in which the department has
either lost of abdicated its auth
ority. One has only to remember
the independence with which
Gen. Lucius Clay and Gen. Doug
las MacArthur operate in Ger
many and Japan, or the way
EGA Administrator Paul Hoff
man appeared recently to re
vise American policy in China,
or the serious charges hurled on
his own hook by ECA Deputy
Howard Bruce at Great Britain,
thus infuriating our only de
pendable ally, to recognize this
fact.
As a consequence, American
foreign policy has shown a ten
dency to go galloping off in
several directions at once, which
is certainly a dangerous ten
dency in these times. One of
the reasons has been the weak
ness of the state department,
and ttye internal strengthening
recommended by Bundy and
Rogers may help in time to cor
rect the situation.
The creation of the National
Security council and the
Bundy-Rogers report recom
mends more such bodies has
been, a step in the right direc
tion. But if American foreign
policy is to have the kind of
unity and firm over-all direc
tion which the times require,
much more remains to be done.
Copyright. IMS. Mew York Herald
Tribune, Inc.
Conservation Measures Heartening
As State's Initial Heritage Dwindles
Br Marguerite Wittwer Wright
In this, Oregon's centennial year, no subject has been discussed
with more pride and frequency than the "progress" the state has made
in the past 100 years.
The record of the region's development from the primeval state is
expressed in the language of statistics: numbers of inhabitants, build
ing permits, automobiles, telephones, electric meters, industrial and
agricultural production, bank de
posits, income tax returns . .
But the boosters hymn to these
trademarks of civilization is equal
ly a requiem for Oregon's patri
mony. The less admirable record of
waste and misuse of Oregon's ori
ginal resources shows there are
two sides to "development;" that
mere change does not necessarily
mean "for the better," and that
true progress implies concern for
the future.
Much Non-renewable
Of Oregon's precious heritage of
resources, only the forests are re
newable. Minerals taken from the
earth cannot be replaced. Animals
and fish once dead will not re
produce their kind. Topsoil washed
into the sea will not return with
the rainclouds.
No estimate has been made of
the total soil loss in Oregon dur
ing the past 100 years but D. A.
Williams, acting regional conserv
ator, reckoning from the current
year's loss of 22,000,000 tons, in
dicates that 440,000,000 tons of
soil has been washed or blown
away since cultivation began.
Most of this topsoil has been
from cropland, some from the
much larger acreage of rangeland,
and a very small portion from the
forestlands of the state.
Gold Deposits Remain
There are ho expert estimates
of Oregon's mineral patrimony
and no accurate records of the
tonnage and value of the state's
mineral production. The U. S. bu
reau of mines says that about
$140,000,000 worth of gold has
been mined since 1852 and F. W.
Libbey, director of the state de
partment of geology and mineral
industries, has no doubt a "great
amount" of gold remains in the
ground.
Other than gold, mineral pro
duction in Oregon is a relatively
unexploited resource ond Libbey
feels the mining industry as a
whole cannot be criticized for lack
of conservation practices. Possibly
the chromite and quicksilver re
serves were wastefully depleted
when the wartime required min
ing without adequate provision
for developing replacements.
Deposits Unscratched
It is enly in recent years that
there has been a great demand for
non-metallic minerals used in
construction and so Oregon's sup
ply of limestone, pumice, perlite,
diatomite and silicia has hardly
been scratched. The same is true
of coal and clay, aluminum and
iron; depletion of these materials
is hardly noticeable compared to ;
is an "almost limitless" supply of
sand, gravel and rock.
Accurate figures on wildlife are
equally vague. No one knows,
what the animal population was
100 years ago because all surveys
are comparauvely recent ... as re
cent as the increasing pressure
on wildlife. During the past 30
years winter range limitation, in
tensive farming, dams, irrigation,
reclamaton, industrial and muni
cipal pollution, disease, predators
and hunters have reduced the re
source. Mountain Sheep Gone
About 10 years ago the last of
Oregon's native mountain sheep
w'e sen in the Ws,v" m-M'"-tains,
but they seen to be gone
now. Clark B. Walsh of the state
game commission reports. Unreg
ulated trapping has completely
CHICKEN IN EVERY
eliminated beaver from many
areas where they once abounded.
A century ago, the Cascades pro
duced more fox than any other
region in the nation; now fur fox
is raised on farms. The marten
has almost been exterminated and
overlapping has made the otter
very scarce.
The' sharptailed grouse, a good
game bird 100 years ago, is almost
extinct except in the Malheur and
Hart mountain refuges, and fhe
sagehen became a rarity in the
first part of this century.
Fish Life Declines
The fish population in Oregon
has declined sharply during the
past 100 years although accurate
figures before 1928 are not avail
able. The first fish cannery pro
duced 4,000 cases of salmon in
1867 and by 1895 700,000 cases
were recorded. Then the pack de
creased from year to year until
about 1910 when artificial propa
gation began to raise the supply.
Since 1928, however, the chinook
catch has declined gradually; two
million less pounds of salmon were
caught in the Columbia river in
1946 than in 1928. The blueback
salmon, one of the most valuable
species, is in an advanced stage
of depletion, and Columbia river
steelhead trout landings shrink
every years. Reports on the salm
on populations of coastal rivers
are equally pessimistic.
Industry Almost Gone
The seafood situation seems to
be worse than the game fish prob
lem The oyster industry, one of
the oldest fisheries in the state,
has practically disappeared. Heavy
exploitation of stocks caused a dev
astating decline and only prompt
action will save the native oysters
and the industry, fish commission
reports indicate.
Razor clam beds off the coast
are producing only a minor frac
tion of their former yield and pro
duction of bay clams is not being
maintained. The large crabs that
used to abound in bays are found
only off shore and stream pollu
tion has threatened to exterminate
the oysters.
As with fish and wildlife, Ore
gon's forests seemed endless when
the pioneers came and it was not
until around 1930, after an ex
ceptionally big cut and high prices,
that "the state realizea the trees
were not growing back as fast as
they were being cut.
Huge Cut Recorded
The total original forest area
in Oregon was 29,000,000 acres and
the state forestry department es-
timates that 150,000,000,000 board
feet of lumber were produced in
Oregon during the past century.
This figure does not include ve
neer, shingles, lath, poles or pil
ing. Today there are 25.000,000 acres
of commercial forest land support
ing a saw-timber volume of ap
proximately 380.000,000,000 board
feet, lumber tally. Nearly half of
Oregon's lnd surface of 61,000,000
acre is forest land. Of that land,
14,450,000 acres is old growth and
large second growth area; S.730.
000 acres are covered with re
stocking and immature timber;
2,920,000 acres are not reforest
ing properly the poorly stocked
burns and cut-overs; 4.500.000
acres are non-commercial forest
lands and there are 400,000 acres
of hardwoods.
Wood ProsTwcts Better
Logging, forest fires and insects
POT
have been making great inroads
into the state's timber patrimony
and for a while, experts were fore
casting the bottom of the wood
box would be reached .within a
now nm0a!$0aahrdu aahrdlu ayp
few generations. But prospects now
are that the wood box will be kept
filled, H. G. Lyon, jr., reforesta
tion director of the state board of
forestry, said. And his optimism
is due to Oregon's forest program
"the most progressiva in the
country."
First there was the reforesta
tion act, passed in the early '30s,
which reduced taxes on growing
timberland so that owners could
afford to spare immature trees. In
1938, the ffrest products research
bill and the state forest acquisition
acts were passed. Possibly the
biggest forward step came in 1941
when the forest conservation act
was passed and the reforestation
program, passed last month by
Oregon voters, represents the lat
est efforts to use intelligently the
once-waning timber resource of
the state.
Business Co-operating
If the 82-year trend to "cut out
and get out" to harvest lumber
faster than the land could replace
it had not been braked during
the last 18 years, Oregon's hills
would soon have been as naked
as California's.
Now, more and more, industry
is cooperating with the state to
conserve timberland and insect
killing programs, tree farms, mod
ern methods of forest management
and cutting, sustained yield prac
tices all of these mean that Ore
gon realizes that true progress and
intelligent development take into
account the needs of the future.
The extent of the growing con
cern for the best long-term use
of Oregon's patrimony is evi
denced, also, in the soil conserva
tion programs, water-use plans,
bird and game refuges, stricter
hunting and fishing regulations,
restocking programs where ani
mals and fish supplies' are low
and extensive surveys to find ex
actly what the resources situation
is.
Importations Help -
Importation of imported species,
like the Hungarian partridge and
the Chinese pheasant, haS made up
somewhat for the depletion in na
tive stock, and protective meas
ures have meant increases in the
deer population recently.
Thus, while it is true that the
Oregon pioneers and their de
scendants have wrought a century
of damage through wasteful use of
the primeval wealth, it is equally
true that present-day Oregonians
are increasingly aware of those
I facts and, increasingly, are work
i ing to restore what has been de
stroyed and use carefully what is
left of the original heritage. That,
in this centennial year, is indeed a
heartening sign of progress.
Santa Wasn't
Up to Snuff
MIAMI. Fla.. Dec. Z -UP)-Santa
Claus didn't come through for
"hunch" players at Tropical park
Friday.
D. Emery's seven-year-old geld
ing named Santa Claus, which
won on Christmas day two years
ago and paid $9.50 for $2. finish
ed a dismal seventh in the field
of 12 in the fourth race Friday.
Ridden by G. Schreck. Santa
Claus was third at the quarter
mile but soon dropped back and
was out of it the rest of the way.
The gelding was $17.75 to $1 in
the mutuels.
The winner was Our Louise.
DTP
SGGDjQS
Tpmrm
(Contnued from page 1-
lnternational outlook. On the
domestic side, it will be en
grossed In finance problems:
balancing an enlarged budget,
wefghing tax increases or an ex
cess profits tax. It will have both
eyes open for the business health
of the country as it considers
price controls, farm price legis
lation. Under the head of social
welfare loom such questions as
repeal or modification of the
Taft-Hartley law, extension of
old age annuities, insurance for
medical care, housing, aid to ed
ucation. Civil rights legislation
will be pressed and fought.
Coming down to the state of
Oregon, what we can see of the
shape of things for the next legis
lature is that the session will be
rugged. Drafting the spending
program will be difficult under
the pressures piling up. Rewrit
ing income tax laws will give at
least a two-year respite from new
taxes. The collision of group in
terests will precipitate sharp de
bate. Apparent, too. Is the prospect
of a lot of politics throughout
the session. The democratic bloc
in the legislature will be feeling
its oats. Potential candidates for
governor in 1950 will be using
radar to test their obstacles
and digging postholes to build
their fences.
All in all, both the principals
in affairs, national and state, and
the common people, too, should
enjoy this holiday week, squeeze
out of it all the peace and com
fort they can. Come the new
year they will have to man old
trenches or dig fresh ones, for
1949 is going to be a critical year.
BOUNTIES COLLECTED
Eight wildcat pelt and one
cougar pelt were turned in for
bounties at the office of Marion
County Clerk Harlan Judd Wed
nesday by Ben Brown, Sublimity
route 1.
Brown caught the animals in
the hills near Sublimity during
the past three months with the
aid of five beagle hounds, he
said. Bounty on the wildcat pelts
is $2 each and one the cougar $10.
Lowest priced English
car in America 1
CrvUet easily art SO-55
Choice ef 3 colors.
StemcJard equipment In
cJvdes lecfther Interior,
Interior lacking, con
stant speed windshield
wiper.
Left heme drive.
5
KfHV mm
Now On Display
VALLEY IIOTOB CO.
375 Center
COLGAN LUMBER CO. PRESENTS:
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Complete
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For Additional; Information Phone or See
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Colgan LnmLer Company
WARTIME AUTnOfc DIES I '
NEW YORK, Dec- 25-CVMn.
Etta Kahn Shiber, 70, author of
"Paris Underground, once con
demned to death by the Germans,
died Thursday. . .. .- f
Diary cf
A Sidewalk
Snperinlendeni
Almost quit my Job today.
Was busy overseeing the
new Stevens and Son Jew
lry Store Qn what we rased
to call the 1st National Banc
Building). Gar the fellows
a lew Ideas about the doors.
Seems that Sid Stevens tried
to overrule me on the choice!
Told the builders be wants
those new solid glass doors.
I told them the old doors
were good enough lor me.
Told them folks are getting
too fancy anyhow. But they
is
wouldn't listen. Insist they
want only the finest for the
i
people in Salem. Well, 1 1
ought to let Sid do ONE
i
thing the way he wants L
i .
I've done everything else 1 1
THE AUG LI A
2-DOOR SEDAN
OmvtS tZKXT
- made I Rus fiscal
Standard size tires.
Selected Ford Dealers
carry full supply off
parts service at Ferd
Dealers everywhere.
Also see The Pretest
ai-deer aadai
Sfteat today!
i see
I " If
1 I
-I
m
I-
FORD PRODUCTS MADI IU EH GLAK9
SOLD ALL OVER THI WORLD
Salcra
The Cameron
kA-ayii&
A HOME DESIGNED'
FOR AMERICAN
LIVING
Overall dimensions
are 44'xSx30 with
a - fall basement.
The house has 1193
square feet ef floor
apace and a Tolnme
ef 21 284 cable feet.
i e i r
i
The Cameron Is outstanding- for
its closet space - coat and stor
age closets at the front entrance,
broom aad coat closets at the rear
... The larre living room has a
three-way , view, built - la cabi
net ander the corner window and
a book case by the fireplace.