BY NEWS SPEQAUSTS OK THE ASSOCIATED PRESS A CRITICAL YEAR brornis ing momentous events is the prospect for 1948. Rough going is, In prospect I diplomatically, economically , and politically. But the outlook is bright in science. More food, but more shortages higher prices, ' but possibly Tes labor trouble are among the para doxes on the horizon. This will be a presidential elec tion year and that factor is beinp felt jat home and abroad. Hre is the likely shape u things to come.. I ' ; FOREIGN AFFAIRS: Crisis Abroad, But War Unlikely IN THE field of international af 1 fairs, 1948 seems destined to tx one of history's,cruciaI years, al though not likelr to oroduce a general war. There may be a lull in Russia'! propaganda during the U S elec tion campaign to avoid the pos sibility that the ensuing ad minis tration might go into offic- in an atmosphere suggesting a popular mandate for a continued ''tough' policy toward Communism. But the Communist light to sab otage the European Recover) Program will continue. Vital decisions regarding the fu ture of Germany can be expected The probabilities are for no for mai "separate peace." The United States will become more involved in the business of bolstering other countries against the Communists. A full-fledged program for China is In the cards. China, wary of what might hap pen if. she aggravates Russia into supplying more help to Commu nist rebels, probably will continue to block a formal Japanese peace conference without Russian par .tieipaticn. Russia, standing to gain little or nothing from, a treaty, will stick to her demand that it be handled by the foreign ministers. The UJ. "Little Assembly" may get around the Russian boy cott by calling special sessions of the General Assembly. Jewish emigration to Palestine probably .will have serious reper cussions. The winter will further strain . the socialist government in Brit ain, and a coalition substitute or return of the Conservatives to power is not out of the question. POLITICS: Hot Fight Seen For Presidency ABOUT the only political fore casts that can be made with virtual certainty seven months before the eiore int ; reside ntial . , I ominating iwf onventioiw W ri.TheRepub presidential nom CO are licans have horse race on their hands with no leu than six candi date possibili ties Jockeying tor position. 2. President Truman has the Democratic nomination if he wants it 3. It's not going to be any walk away. Republicans were saying eight after their sweep in the 1946 con gressional e lections that they could win-with almost anybody jb 1948. They've changed their tune. Not necessarllyin order of strength, the six.GOP prospects at Philadelphia will be: Dewey, Taft. Stajsen, Warren. Eisenhower and : MacArthur. Dewey, 1944 standard bearer and unannounced a to 1948, is be ginning to speak out on some im portant issues. Taft. Stassen and Warren are avowed candidates. Eisenhower and MacArthur may be classed as receptive. Prices will still be sufficiently high to be the big Issue. Whom the voters -will blame is debatable Money in the pocket usually helps the party holding the white House. Money in the pocket, but t with many necessities of life near- ly out cf reach of the average man. may mean another story. . If the Republicans win the presi dency next year ;they4 no doubt would keep control of the Senate and House. It's more of a question ' "whether the Deiytocrats could re-, gain Congress while keeping the white House. THE ECONOMY: Prices Climb; Shortages Grow PRICES wiH be higher and many shortages will continue in 1948. The course of the fight against inflation, the fate of the Marshal plan and the shape of the new tax program all axe variable factors which will affect 1948. Many feel that a recession Is in the cards, and at least the threat of a perhaps serious depression. Authorities in their respective fields see these things ahead for 1948: PRICES: Increases already an nounced for automobiles, textiles, includine clothing and earoetine. many foods, tires and other rubber products and a great variety of terns made with steel, including refrigerators, washing machines and other appliances. New round : j i .. . ,.-. . .. ., ,, . . ; . 1 , . -. - - ! ...... . . , .. , 1 : !r- : r: ; 11 11 1 f 111 1' "ii ' in 1111111 mill i 1 li 1 HV s,,, g " " jam-v? It mm mm n mm mm mmtMJi - : J mmf W mmfmSV WW W J WWW W. WlMIPi I ' , I I I fit ' -:V .", V. V""V t f ,A I I ' f.S'l T 1 X(7 '' STRIFE ABROAD. . . . '.""" V V"" ' r."mmtm ) I i V V. - i: VOO , Europe's laft-rightf J r i.m ,v , 1 zm. Illinois if-' '-NSr- - TRUMAN RENOMINATED: Th President i ."ZJ ', JOE IOU1S KO'D? can run again if he wants. But he will Tt V"- r J J ' Tha champion, : have a hot election fight. U "Z Ul f Vl': growing old, mayl J J 1"' 111 1,1 'i r;-rsv :- -V; iAufc' b "P1, Fho, i i - X' ' ' 1 sl V ' 0-s i j ' '- "' 1 I J now n'm floored , , , -w.- y .. , f.V ; -it9F ---9r' - - - v l;- ihj NEW LOOK OLD: The " ' . . 1: : -. I in i i. i m .mii'iiiiM u i carruiiv. uvma ui r, . - ."w . f - . t .. , .. TELEVISION BOOMi In the "video" will come into its of wage increases could be felt throughout the economy. SHORTAGES: Continuing In nearly everything made with steel Automobile makers expect to be behind orders most if not all of the year Appliance m a k e r s in same position. J3 rain and some other foods ana in many sections gasoline, fuel oil and other oil roducts will be short. Many tex iles. particularly decorators' items, will remain short HOUSING: A five per cent gain in all residential building over 1947 but only one per cent, gain in one-family and two-family dwell ings. Apartment house construc tion expected to rise 14 per cent over 1947. Prices higher, at least for first part of the year. About 70.000 new prefabricated homes will be built; Shortage in all hous ing will remain acute. STEEL.: At the very roots of the economy, stel will continue short. Production increase of 1.000.300 tons over 1947 anticipated, but de mand will be for 66,500,000 tons a g a i n a t shipments of 62,000,000 tons, a peace-time record. LABOR: Industrial Peace Hinges on an IF THE new year probably will not be a big year of strikes. It's true there are uncertainties and trouble spots. The cost of liv ing looms importantly in the pic ture. Wage demands will be heard. Court battles will be fought over the Taft-Hartley act. John L. Lewis's soft coal contract will ex pire June 30. But leaders of both sides If business continues at a high level will have particular reasons to meet one another halfway. AN ENCOURAGING SIGN: Strikes have been virtually ruled out in the steel industry, which is usually a wage pace-Setter among manufacturing industries. The two-year steel contracts run until April 30. 1949. The CIO Steelworkers Union has said these contracts "definitely assure peace in the industry for two years" even though they can be reopened for wage negotiations after April i. . Union leaders will try to chan nel the main energies and emo tions of their members into the 1948 political campaigns. They will seek to elect a friendlier Con gress. A big uncertainty la the cost of living. To what extent will unions press for wage increases because of high prices? Government officials are ex pressing more concern over rising wages and prices than over the prospect of strikes.- P ' AGRICULTURE: Farmers Watching The Weathervan? THE weather will have more than anything else to say about what American agriculture does in 1948. Agriculture will ' have a market for all the food, with a few possible exceptions that it can pro duce. ' t- ,T , , Farmers plan to plant larger acreages. They have more tractors and other machinery. The fertile izer supply will be a little larger. There well be no critical shortages of workers. And they have the incentive. Agricultural department officials predict a continuation of favor able prices. But drought took hold of the rich wheat producing area of the southwest last fall. As a conse quence, there was a serious de- new year own. cline In fall seeding of winter wheat. i But despite this setback, it Is still possible to harvest another bumper wheat crop providing there is enough winter and early spring rain. It was the weather that hit the 1947 corn crop, first by a wet, cool spring and later, by dryness during the growing season. As a result, the corn crop dropped 25 percent below 1948 to create a shortage in feeds which wilt force farmers to lower their production of livestock for 1948. Barring widespread drought and an tmforseen sharp drop m farm prices, agriculture's net income in 1948 should about match the 1947 record of $18,000,000,000. AVIATION: Supersonic Speed Tops 1948 Show AVIATION will mark 1948 as the year man raced sound and won. Researchers will pace: (1) What looks like a new high in air transporta tion, (2) anoth er tough and for some com panies a deci sive year in air craft manufac . turing, (3) a further shake- . down to tnor mal" levels in personal flying, (4) a vast experience in flying military jet planes, (5) reshuffling of the government's aeronautical agencies, (6) continued swelling of the number of pilots and civil aircraft . Underlying most of that Is the development of a new national aviation policy. compared with 1847, relatively few new types of planes will be announced The big outpouring of new designs conceived during the war is about ended. However, it will be year of new planes on the airways, with the first' operational flights of the Boeing stratocruiser and the Con vair 240, along with increasing use of the Martin 202, the Lock- IK I h " ' ,. m,i.i I, ,.,I,.,J M A YEAR PACKED WITH APNewtfeatures TCOR those who like, to get their historic perspective meas V tired in round figures, 1948 offers many diverse anniversaries. One hundred years ago, around the New Year's corner: Gold was discovered in California. Jan. 24. touching? off the famous rush westward by prairie schooner and around Cape Horn by clipper ship. The "Communist Manifesto" was published the same month in Europe by Karl Marx and Frederic Engels, sparking a chain of events still reverberating around the world. niexiee eeaen Texas, Arizona and California to the u. 5. tor $15,S0t,00S en Feb. 2. The great revelation of 1848 began in Europe with Louis Philippe forced to abdicate, Feb. 24, when the second French republic was proclaimed. Another throne tottered when Prince Metternic was overthrown in Austria, Mar. 13, and four days later Italian patriots revolted in Milan. Within five days rebellion flared in Berlin. The Associated Press was formed by six New York news ' papers In May and the Merican War was ended with the treaty of Guadalupe. May , IS. Wisconsin was admitted as 50th state, May 29. The cornerstone of the Washington monument was laid . July 4. The first American woman's . rights convention met in Seneca Falls, N. X, July 19. Oregon was organized as a territory, Aug. 14. Lt Ulysses S. Grant, 26, married Julia T. Dent of St. Louis, Aug. 22. James; A. Garfield, 15, began driving mules along Pennsylvania and Ohio CanaL Old "rough and ready"; Gen. Zachary Taylor, here of the Mexican war and "no-platform" nominee of the Whies. was elected President of U. S., Nov. 7. Louis Napoleon was four years, on uec ZQ. , Among Its many golden anniversaries. It 4k will mark the aasaxe of exactly Si years since: ' New York became a corporate Ksft fivfki iliemvatrswl 'Mflinm vui iw uuvviwitu a wrnui (Charles L. Dodgson). author of the battleship Maine just after ' "i PRICES UP: Housewives V' , " Forecasters for 1943 THIS SYMPOSIUM is compiled by the following news specialists of The Associated Press: J. M. Roberts, Jr., foreign affairs; Harold Oliver, politics; Harry T. Mont gomery, economics; Max Hall, labor; Ovid A. Martin, agri culture; Howard W. Blakeslee, science; James J. Strebig, aviation; Robert Geiger, education; Dorothy Roe, women; W. G. Rogers, arts; Bob Thomas, movies; C. E. Butterfield, television; Jack O'Brian, entertainment; Frank Eck, sports- heed postwar Constellations and the Douglas DC-6. The airlines expect to carry nearly 15.000.000 passengers more than a million over 1947 on domestic runs, and to increase in ternational air travel by nearly 40 per cent. Manufacturers expect to turn out about 1,400 to 1,500 military planes, about the same as in 1947. The output of personal planes will likely fall below the 15,000 built in 1947. The federal airport building program will have its first full year, with about 500 projects. SCIENCE: Atomic Power Leads the Parade NINETEEN - FORTY - EIGHT should be the first year of atomic powerin a nuclear-electric plant at Oak Ridge, Tenn. This pilot plant will make enough electricity so that engi neers can blue-print the costs of atomic energy. It also will answer roblems of safety dangers not ikely from atomic explosions, but from radioactive atoms. Backing up the Oak Ridge ex periment are . others using dif ferent materials, such as heavy water, and concentrated Pluto nium, instead of uranium. If and when concentrated atomic metals can be safely used for power, the already small weights of atomic fuel will be further reduced. The new drug, streptomycin, Is the following events were lust proclaimed president of France for city of five boroughs on Jan. 1: nlisifitm In sWftst Insert ap9fM11 uviviumiu m a siimi w w Alice in Wonderland, died, Jan. 14; taps, exploded and sank in Havana BUMPER CROP YfAR: farmers again will find markets for likely to become important in treating tuberculosis of the lungs. No one looks for streptomycin to be a cure, but the new drug has demonstrated an ability to cause temporary improvement Cancer will see more drugs tried out than ever before, al though no drug has yet-been dis covered that has more than tem porary good effects. Chemistry expects the indus trialization of the new: fluor-car-bon. This is a combination of fluorine and carbon, in which the fluorine replaces hydrogen. .It makes an oil safer and tougher than any hydrocarbon. These oils will stand more heat and more pressure and may permit ma chines to run al higher speeds and temperatures. j THE ARTS: Creative Hopes Spring Eternal WILL 1948 give us at last the great American novel? Will we hear the symphony we've waited for all our lives, or the soprano with the voice of our dreams, and face and figure to match? Will some artist paint the incomparable masterpiece? The answer to these questions will probably be no, as it has been for oher years, i Critics will continue to hope, however. Publishers, impresarios and gallery directors will be hope ful, toOv Masterpieces mean mon ey in their pockets. They did FAMOUS ANNIVERSARIES harbor, Feb. 15; Emile Zola was French for reviving the Dreyfus case with "T Accuse." U. 8. armed ferees mobilized against Spain, March 12; U. 8. Navy's first submarine made its first dive. Mar. 17; the first re eerded sale ef an antamobile was nude en "Apr. 1 for S 1,000. Andrew S. Bewan landed on the Cuban coast Apr. 25 to carry the "message to Garcia." U. S. declared war on Spain, Apr. 25; A dm. . Dewey destroyed the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay, May L U. S. won the battles of San Juan Hill and 'SI Caney. July 1. Cant Joshua Slocum completed a round 'the world trip, alone in a 36-foot boat, July 3. Peace was formally proclaimed between U. S. and Snam. Aug. 12. Hawaii was annexed by niuiemuui was emnronea ai uie nague, aepi, o. ine treaty wun. Spain was signed Dec. 10, U. S. taking Puerto Ilico. the Philippines and Guam. I Among cities to which next year will re important as an anniversary, are Detroit, which was first visited bj LaSalle In 1S48; Nashville, which was incorporated in 1848; Sacramento, Calir., which was laid out in 1848, and Worcester. Mass, which received its charter in the same year. For a broader view of 1948 in relation to history, consider that 300 years before, English Royalists rose in arms to try to free Charles I and were defeated by da uama found an au-water route IX led 'the Sixth Crusade against the Turks; 2,000 years before, Caesar put down a revolt of the Gauls and Cleopatra then an entic ing 17. inherited a half share in the Egyptian throne. The year will be the 200th anniversary df Ben rai.klin's experi ments with electricity; the lOOtn anniversary 'A the College of the City of New York, University of Mississippi nd University of Wis consin: the 50th anniversary of the National Institute of -Arts and Letters, National Society of Daughters of Founders and Patriots of America, Order of Eagles and DePaul University; the 10th anni versary of the CIO. National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis and U. S. Trotting Association. - t . And according to Vreeland's anniversary a tntansc, 1948 will mark the 5th birthday of Katharine Cornell, George Jewel, Pan! Robeson, Gene Tuntey, Beatrice Lniie, Albert B. "Happy" Chandler, Ernest Hemingway, Walter Fidgeon and Grade Fields. pretty well in 1947. despite a sum mer slump in publishing. But the arts, much more than the artists, are very sensitive to taxes, pay envelope! and living costs. Most people stop buying books, concert tickets and pic tures before they will give up automobiles, candy or the extra parlor maid. Creative work goes on, however, and there may be more of it next year than ever before. EDUCATION: Free College Drive Begins GOVERNMENT advisers are proposing revolutionary changes in American education to five schooling o millions of more students at public ex pense. These are aimed at pro ducing t h o u sands of more trained leaders to keep America ahead in all branches of science, and educating the "little people" who dont want to be leaders how to get more happiness out of life. The recommendations of dozens of educators who have partici pated m postwar studies include extension of free public schooling into the first two years of college and enrollment of more than twice as many students in college as in prewar years. The President's Commission on Higher Education, composed of 28 educators and public leaders, is recommending that 4,000,000 stu dents be enrolled in colleges by 1960, with 600,000 post graduates. The commission is recommend ing that $120,000,000 be made im mediately a v a i 1 a b 1 e to finance scholarships in the school year 1948-'49. Each year thereafter, it says, undergraduate scholarships should be available for 20 per cent of non-veteran students. M a x i -mum scholarships would be 8800; the average $500. But the educators believe there must be more emphasis on stu dents who never intend to go to college or enter a skilled trade These courses would provide guid- condemned u Jail Feb. 23 by the the U. S. he same day. Queen, Cromwell; .450 years before, Vasco to India; 700 years before. Laws everything they fan plant. hunting, budgeting, use of ItLn t tima ivt ,r.niklitlM amma I. mm A 11,. ...A WOMEN: Career Girl Bows To Femininity WOMEN achieved the "new look" in 1947 (not without a struggle) and now are prepared io maxe mt most of their new elegance iathe first Leap Year since the war. Th mitlnnk xor 1S4S on me - t,-.-v. distaff side seems to be an accent on feminini ty, not only in clothes but in man ners. The days of the strident "emancipated woman" as well as the comradely and efficient career firl of war years are passing, fomen will do just as earnest and important work in 1948, but they will make less noise about it. Having won their place in the fields once open only to men, wo men no longer have to fight so bitterly to protect their rights. They can relax. The college girls who will be graduated in 1948 are less worried about women's rights and will go into practically all the professions. Women have their serious in terests for 1948. They are deter mined to help avert another war if that is possible. They do not want to send their husbands, sons and sweethearts into an atomic war. Women's interests for 1948 are as wide as the world, but their hearts are safe at home TELEVISION: Prices May Ease In Video' Boom TELEVISION could very weU look upon 1948 as its first "boom year." The Dast year saw stations springing up in new cities and manufacturers getting receiv ers on the market in impressive numbers. A nation-wide television net work is taking shape, with indi cations that the middle west may be added by new Years 1949. Increased production and com petition are expected to have somewhat oi a leveling enect on prices of receivers now ranging from around szoo to S2,40a The number of .stations rew from eight to 18 in 1947 and may see 20 added by mid-year. A to tal of 53 others nave construction permits, with 43 in addition hav in license annlications on file. St Louis. Detroit. Ba-'timore, Milwaukee and Cincinnati have been added to the television pio neers of New York, Schenectady, Philadelphia, Chicago and Los An- !?. . with probably zuu.uw receivers now being tuned in, upwards of a million more are forecast for 1948. ENTERTAINMENT! Deflation Booked For Broadway Run THE Theater has slimmeu down its activity from the careless. inflated conditions of the war vears. when it was literally easy to get money to back the worst dramatic stinkers ' Despite a tighter economy, the theater is better artistically, with more admirable shows on the Broadway boards than in many a year. . The future is shiny and encour Sing, with almost all the fine lywrights. even those who had Z.8?.0 thf cast:Kreen forests of , Hollywood, reading new scripU. : I Night club business will con '. unue generally to be "brutal." , ivhich is the trade term for a : night club slump. Waiters are. . snow blind from looking sat un- broken .expanses of white table- -I cloths. ' ' ResUurant business will con tinue its gaily inflated jog so long as food shortages continue, high . profits keep falling into playful,, pockets and spirits remain high. One successful New York opfra-" tor is. opening a new steak house' . for the "medium priced" trade" because there "isn't a placej on ' Broadway where you can get a $2.50 steak." ... : T Broadwav movi mrsoup ready have felt public resentment ' against high movie house ad mis- e" sions, in one instance promptly ' lowering a S2.u tanti tor a sineie- vie when patrons stayed away. "5 rhe incredible amounts paid to ge stars (as high as S40.000 . ek to Frank Sinatra and Danny- ye), have been adjusted sharo- '- - ly. Night club salaries, which hit'" their height with $10,000 a week to Milton Berle, have tilted back ... toward $5,000 to $700 a weekvt if your name is big. . - The war is over, and so Is the.: gleeful Broadway party. TOrMoyiESR.. Gals, Gags, Gats To Cut Film Costs HOLLYWOOD faces another perilous year in 1948. In 1947, the U. S. motion pic 'ture. industry grappled with its most difficult problems since the advent of sound movies. A "shopping" film audience d'pJ2i?.?trI T9 eVSltiatC their program ming. Pyramid ing eosts brought new terrors to the film makers. ' The crushing blow came when , the British slapped a 75 per -ent , tax on American films ar d other foreign countries followed suit with financial restrictions. , Unless there are diplomatic de velopments, film companies will have to depend on the American market lor their profits. , This means that expensive flops will have to be avoided.! In fact, the traditonal multi - million - dollar epics will become a scarce com modity The order olthe year will be for wisely planned, tightly- aimed money makers. The comins -ear will find stu- - dios searching desperately for so lutions to these problems. Per sonnel cut - backs will probably , continue. New methods will have to be found for cutting costs. The year will mark the revival of the B picture, abandoned dur ing the moneyed era. Producers are discovering that the lower budget films, though much ma ligned, can nevertheless Lring in much-needed revenue. The screen menu for 1948 will , reflect the producers' belief that the public wants "entertainment." This means a fare of gals, gags and gats. SPORTS: Baseball Crowds May Hit New Peak THE sports picture of 1948 look bright There is a possibility that the major baseball leagues may draw 20,000.000 fans for the first time. However, some minor leagues may fold. The Boston 'Red Sox. disap pointing favorites to retain the American league championship last season, are expected to bound back. In the NaUonal League the Brooklyn Dodgers will be favor ites to repeat For the world Series, at this early date it looks like the Red Sox. In view of Jersey Joe Walcott's surprise showing against heavy wcigni dwudi vnmmptoa uv Louis, many contenders will chal lenge the champion. Louis ap pears ready to be taken. He may Kt by Walcott in a return fight t it is questionable whether ho can beat uus leinevicn. ugnt heavyweight champion. Lesne- vich hits harder than waicoti, is better boxer, and Louis has shown that he is vulnerable to a rignt to me jaw. Horse racing figures to show a slight decline in attendance and wagering. But both Armed and Stymie are likely to move their earnings above the million dollar mark. The Kentucky Derby ap pears to be at the mercy oi Calu met Farm's Citation, a Bull Lea colt In football Notre Dame, again will be the team to beat .In the toDsv-turvv Drofessional ranks. the National Football League and the Ail-America ionierence win continue to remain at odds with both the Brooklyn Dodgers and Chicago Rockets of the confer ence either disbanding or moving their franchises to other cities. jimmy Demaret and Ben Ho gan again should head America's touring golfers. ! - America is expected to carry off honors in the seventh Winter Olympic Games at St Moritz, Switzerland, Jan. 30 through Feb. 8 end -also in the fourteenth Olym piad July 29-Aug. 13 in London. American tennis will lose a lot of prestige including the Davis Cup now that Jack Kramer has turned professional. The national championship may go to Frank Parker or Ted Schroeder. ar- f mtt r -7 fi' vTSSr 4