FAG2T0U3
Tbm OSEGOZI &TATE5MA2L CUem. Ortgocv Sunday- Morning. October 1L 1945
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"No Favor Sways Us; No Fear Shall Aw"
. From ririt Statesman, March 25,1831
.. f
TOE STATES5IAN PUBUSHING COMPANY
CHARLES A. SPRAGU1V Editor and Publisher
t , . V - . : - :r - v. ,
: , . Member of tha Associated Preaa
The Associated Pratt la. exclusively entitled, to the use for publication of ail
news dispatcbea credited to it or not otherwise credited In this newspaper.
Indictment for" War Crimes V ! Revolution at Caracas
Jurisprundence blazes a new trail in the in- . More people than usual (50) were killed in
dictment of 24 German leaders and six organi- the revolution in Venexuela which unseated
'rations, charging ! them with war crimes. Tha j President Isaias Medina Angarita. Generally
jegal instrument itself is 24,000 words in length, j the army does the job with a few scattering
;recmng uu norriDie aeeas perpetraiea on pian , snois imcxing innocaii ujrsuiuuci a. uiucihuc,
orders or the nazi leaders. The basic charge the revolution at Caracas, louowea me conven-
tional pattern: a group oi army onicers dis
satisfied with the political setup strike for the
government palace and seize authority. j .
Argentina had, a sample of that in repeat
edition a few days ago when a group of army
officers overthrew the Farrell-Peron-regimei it
self an army set-tip. The variation occured when
Teron got the backing of. Buenos Aires workers
and in turn threw the Rebels out of power. Rare
ly in South America does a regime change
except at the-army's whim. f
Venezuela has been remarkably free from
revolutions. Tight old Juan Vicente Gomez ran
the show as dictator for over a quarter century.
There have been only two presidents since
Gomez. - ' , .j;". .. ' i . 'f J ': '! ..'
Democracy gets lip service only through most
Latin American states. The strong - hand of a
president runs affairs and it has to be strong
or he gets kicked oufc to be replaced by some
new dictator who "sets aside the constitution
is conspiracy for conquest, using the tools of
j terror and slaughter j and aggressive war-to
t compass their ends.
h This is a new adventure in the realm of law.
'Never before have warmongers and war leaders
'been accused formally land brought to trial for
'offense! against humanity. In a way the pro
kcedure is ex post facto, for no statutes exist for -the
general crime of warfare. At no time in
. the past has j war , been labeled a ; punishable '
crime. While in ancient times captives were often-put
te death, that was the isolated act of
vengeance. Modern international jaw is scrupu
lous to protect the persons of prisoners, ,with
. treatment accorded by their rank. Now the
nignest poiiuciu ana muuary leaaers oi Ger
many are put in! jeopardy of their lives for j
It is a new and
offenses had at their i feet.
serious undertaking.
There is abundant reason if hot codified law
to support the procedure. The crimes committed
Ik r
TTho J Snfotyt Valvp
TLETTXX.S ntbu STATESMAN REAPERS
ttribuu4 by Kin t'attuna SrAM
lr utuiMt vitk Tte WuW(taa BUM
It's Still a Heavy Load
it is necessary
the, established
against Jews against Poles and Russians.! and promises elections which he expect to con-
xro'i. we wm naye mj wan qunc wuuc
American democracy ;' runs into export demand.
Interpreting i
The Day's News
By JAMES D. WHITE- I
Awoctoted grtw SUM Vrlter- i
SAN FRANC1SCQ, Oct. 20.-iiP)-Peace in the
Pacific and the worftlnoay some day depend upon
how Chinese and Russians work together, in oper
ating a - vital Manchunan rail
way under a strange;; and com
plex new agreement.
The rail system is one of the
keys to political and economic
domination of eastern Asia. The
agreement for its' operation is
manifestly designed to interlock
the personal responsibilities of
both Russian and Chinese admin
istrators to such? an extent ?tht
anything but cooperation would
be unthinkable as long as their
governments remain friendly. ,
This agreement is one oi six
against prisoners of war have been fully docu-
! merited and shock the conscience of the world.
They are in truth crimes against humanity. If
I the Josef Kramers and the Irma Greses are .
j brought to the bar of justice for their part in (
j administering death by wholesale to victims!
in concentration camps, shall those go free who
plotted the whole scheme of carnage and con-r
j quest?. . ' !
Yet because this is a new venture in justice
that procedures follow strictly;
principles ofscourts of law. The
be specific; the accused must
News Behind the News
I By PAUL MALLON
(Distribution by King Features Syndicate, Inc. Reproduction In whole
r or in part strictly prohibited.)
evidence, must
have counsel
and faj&-irialsC verdicts must con
form to the weight of testimony. Otherwise we
lay up; wrath against some possible later day
of wrath. One trembles to think of the 'dangers I
Involved in these triali. Will they form a prece-.
dent in which the victors of future wars, will ,
slaughter the defeated after the rules of ancient
warfare? Admittedly it is a desperate gamble
the more fearful because we realize that our
country might lose a war sometime.
. : From Russia and from the remnants of out
raged peoples come cries of revenge. The soviet
press calls "death to the cannibals." Moscow's,
Izvestia says "the thirst, for retribution which
the soviet people have" been full of for all these
years should be and will be gratified. Cannibals
Goering, Hess, Ribbentrop, Rosenburg.'Krupp,
Keitel and .all war criminals, the soviet people
send them their curses, damnation to death:"
Vengeance though, is an evil instinct; the victor
nations should take heed lest vengeance, which
blinds the mind Jo justice, control their actions
7 LA
J. D. Whit
f
highly important I treaties signed between Moscow
and Chungking late la August, designed to settle
important issues j between these two greatest re
maining powers. t:
WASHINGTON, Oct. 20. The
strike situation has looked worse
from' the inside than the way
you have been seeing it in dis
couraging headline after head
line over accounts of vital men
being pulled out here and there
with jj great .bitterness, mystery
and sometimes violence,
i The Truman administration has
been; working behind its doors
the past week
trying to get a
wage policy Up
on which to
base ; j solutions,
but has found
it hard to do.
L a b p r Secre
tary Schwellen
bach t h o u g ht
we had one in
the oil settle
ment! but after
back up- the board when they
liked its decisions, and strike
when they did not -Here again
they could not lose.
May Bej "Paper Front"
The latest administration re
suscitation was planned by Mr.
Truman land Schwellenbach with
their heads together alone, and
board chairman Garrison indi
cated they would stay on until .
January) 1. Industry and AFL
wanted toet them out of town
immediately. The resuscitation
will get. them out of town in a
few weeks.
That Was all that amounted
to and the question . thus arises
whether any new board would
be a paper front for the same
old proposition. .
Thus the government has been
crowded on all the fronts , It
Pbi Malta erected i toward establishing, a
the bricks started falling upon- Vorkabfe wage policy to carry
difficulties may be better than a
bad settlement which settles no
thing. j j
The administration seems to
me to be playing on the assump
tion that the longer the question
is held open,' the better will be
the chance of reaching a stabiliz
ing solution. Certainly no former
settlement, made in the years
of the Rooseevlt administration,
solved ;nyUng. ; Those were
only surrcnoirj to union leader
ship, made in such a way as to
promise another surrender the
next time the leaders -wanted to
start another crisis. "
Tho Lit
his head for that one, he crawled
out of the pile with an aching
Behind this -series lies the httle-understood head, aware, no doubthe had
haxVtfrmirut nf Sino-Russian relations, echoes I of
which can be discerned in the new treaties. I
Russians and Chinese first ran into each other
--aiMrouble-4at tbout the time the Pilgrim
fathers were landint on Plymouth Rock. The em-
November 20, the date when the trials begin peror of China at the time was th great K'anf
. i .1 ... . . . ' tt t --mm i Kit.t irK. fKiwa ihiMta
In old Neurnberg, will be a solemn moment in
world history. It may' set up the standards of
justice which will restrain the designing of evil
men; or it may let loose base passions which
will yield a bitter harvest in time to come.
Fish or Cut Bait L
It is time the city council took action on the
application of United, Air lines to rent ground
at the airport on which to erect a terminal. It
; proposes to invest about $75,000 in the building
; and for landscaping and to pay the city ground
1 rent for the space occupied. At the end of 20
' years the building would revert to .the city.
The city is asked to build a landing apron at
: an estimated cost of $20,000. A short length of
! road would need to be constructed to connect
; with the country road, which in turn should
; be paved to its connection with the Turner road,
! an extension of Mission st. The alternative is
' for the city to do all the building for which its
residue of $57,000 from a bond issue is insuffic
i lent. To build administration building, apron,
I road and all would nm to $100,000.
The practical, thing j to do in the judgment
of The Statesman is to bargain with UAL. The
! voters will be disinclined to vote more bonds
: and the sum remaining in the airport fund will
; 'be needed for minor improvements or" exten
j sions. The council could proposition UAL to
i build the apron as well, perhaps offering an
extension on-the term of the lease. -k
The only other prospective regular user line
. Is. Southwest Airways, and provision-could be
i made for it to use the same terminal. There
(seems little need for the city 'to erect an ad-f-
ministration building when most of the use of
(the building will be by operators and patrons
of the airlines. : I I
" At any rate the council should fish or cut
bait. Either lease to UAL or proceed with build
ing. In this air age we do not want to be serving
liners with a shack for a terminal. '
'made a mistake.
After all, if you give , the men
a 15 per cent increase and then
grant tbem the right to negotiate
or arbitrate for another 15 per
cent, you have not solved much.
Another strike for the remaining
; 15 per cent could be called at
any time. Furthermore such a
temporizing surrender was gen
erally labeled unfair. An em
ployer could not win anything,
even the right to continue opera
tions, under such terms.
WLB Beyond Redemption
"Then some show was made by
Mr. Truman of prolonging: the
war labor board after blanketing
it info the labor -department un
der Schwellenbach. This was
! what a puglist would recognize
as a hard pass at the empty air,
as tar as settling anything was
concerned. WLB men had tre
mendous power and prestige dur
ing the war, but lost it when Mr.
.Truman gave top-say to Schwel
lenbach. It is now beyond re
demption. Both AFL and industry were
opposed to" it, and still are, be
cause it has. functioned largely
as a CIO weapon. Through it,
the Murray-Hillman crowd had
a nice thing going. They. would
Okinawa is the jinx for the navy. In the
fighting our. ships and men suffered heavy loss-1
es under the suicide attacks of Jap planes. The1
V-J celebration there was so wild that several
men were killed. There were 521 casualties in
the typhoon of last week Including 28 killed
and 70 missing. Now an explosion at the navy
receiving station caused six deaths and 23 in-.
juriesTime for a change in luck there.
A London crowd, chiefly of women, nearly
mobbed the Duke of Windsor (nee Edward VI)
when he called on his mother. Sq The Voice isn't
the only one who can lay.'ent out in windrows.
We don't seem to realize that, some other
countries may not like our brand of democracy
as described in the headlines strikes, murders,.
'divortfessnd-deftcitsr -
Hsi, a Manchu potentate whose Chinese subjects
roamed widely through the wilds oi eastern &i
beria looking for gold; and for Chinese medicines
such as deer-horn, tiger-whiskers and bear-claws.
Treaty Result- - j t : i ' i '"
Russian trappers,! headed by a czarist agent
named Khabarof;; got into serious trouble with
these Chinese, j The result was the treaty of Nerch
insk, signed iii 1089. The Chinese wanted every
thing east of Lake Baikal. The Russians wanted
everything down to the Amur river, s Each side
feared and knew little about the other, so they
compromised, ; setting the boundary considerably
north of the Amur, f ,
This situation lasted until 1858, when a czar
ist official named! Muraviev succeeded in, convinc
ing the Chinese (with some show of force) that
the Amur was the natural boundary between Si
beria and Manchuria Later, he wangled mari
time Siberia, including the harbor of Vladivostok.
The Amur turned out to be sort of a joint river.
The Chinese had nominal control, but Russian boats
could sail on it, and so-on..
Wanted Short-Cnt
By 18M the Russians were trying to complete
the Transiberian railway, and wanted to run cut
off through Manchurfa which would save several
hundred miles. The czar prevailed upon the Chi
nese to -let him build It, and later a branchr line
down to Dairen as well. 'r ; . ' .
The line was chartered by Russia as the Chi- a tvTta rir a t TrrV
nese eastern railway! It had a Chinese president, GRIN AND BEAR IT
and Russian and Chinese - stockholders, ana was
operated by a Russian board, of directors. Joint
control again.:. " 1
When Japan won her war with Russia in 1905,
she grabbed the' southern stem, and in 1935 she
"bought, the northern cross-line fromf soviet Rus
sia, a purchase Which China protested as illegal
Now Russian troops have reconquered j the
whole works, and the crossline and the stem down
to Dairen are to be known as a single system, the
Chinese Changchun line. It is to be administered
as a joint Sino-Russian commercial undertaking,
reverting to China without charge after 30 years
--just about the time set in the original czarist
agreement which covered 80 year
Chinese to Furnish Police
Chinese will furnish the police to protect the
S line, which will be administered by a joint board
of ten, half of them Chinese and half Russian. The
chairman of the board will be a Chinese, the dep
uty chairman a Russian. . ' ' . . :A
Responsibility is divided and carefully distrib
uted, clear down to station-masters. These are3to
be chosen on a 50-50 basis. . If the master Is a Rus
sian his deputy must be a Chinese, and vice-versa.
The line supplies and serves Manchuria; thr
breadbasket of Asia. It is the shortest route to
the sea, to Vladivostok, to Korea, to the free port of
Dairen.-. " . . .. v
i Whoever controls - the rail system -controls
Manchuria, and j there is an old saying that who
ever controls Manchuria sooner or later controls
China. .'-: 5' ') " ' f
China and Russia have scrambled and inter
locked control of Manchuria for the next 30 years
by treaty. Cynics will call it a Chinese face on a
Russian reality, but It is, an agreement which
could function in much the same way as the Inter
locking technique which Britain and America
evolved during the war in the joint command or-
the current interim until labor
ana management can get togeth
er in the big conference, now
set for November 10. The inside
of that S conference would make
a column in itself.
"Save the World first i
It should have been held be
fore any of these strikes, develop
ed, and : was scheduled originally
for October, but the labor lead
ers had to go off to Europe to
save the (world first.
When the arrangers for the
conference gave the great labor
power bellows, John L Lewis,
only one delegate and one vote
In this j national meeting of in
dustry andabor. Not only this,
they imposed upon him an under
standing reached among them
selves that his solitary delegate
could not be on any committees.
' The telephone workers, who
tied up all communications in
the country one day recently just
to "test their strength,"' were
at first eager to join the confer
ence, itnd asked for a place.
Later they said they would not
participate. !
Naturally then, the question
has arisen as to how effective
the proposed conference can be.
' Difficulties to Continue .
The accumulation of all these
inside facts points directly to
ward continued difficulties but
terary
Guidopost
By W. G. ROGERS
MOST SECRET, ajr NrU Skate
(Merraw; SZ:M). :
The British j Admiralty delay
ed publication' of 'this novel for
months, evidently because there
is so much trutfilin it, or per
haps because jit'seuch a rous
ing story about the war that the
entire Admiralty had to -read it
first j
It's really a tale of two cities,
Plymouth with the once charm
ing harbor bordered in green
and across in France, quaint
' Douamenez. Charles Simon, Ol
iver Bod en, j Michael Rhodes,
John Colyin, an old French
fishing craft named Genevieve
and a flame-thrower . . . these
are the : ingredients which,
stirred once, explode Into' a
sure-fire yarnj.
Shut makes his characters
real enough for the purposes of
the adventures he has to relate,
and handles his plot skilfully.
It's a long book, and you'll be
sorry it isn't longer.
ANT tyJXBER CAN PLAY, ky U
wari Varrii Beth (Harper; 12). ...
Charity King has gambling in
WAGES AND riOFITS ;
To. the Editor: -
The - great number, of strikes
labor is now staging seems to
me to indicate a high- degree of
foolishness on the part of labor
union leaders, and. those stand-
ing 1ehind them" In . supporting
their action. It seems to me that
labor unions are using little or
no judgment in their actions and.
demands upon employers. . : ,
Labor has overlooked the fact
that laborers themselves re
greatest consumers of the pro-
ducts and 'manufactured, goods
they help to - produce and turn
out- What is labor going to gain
if all laborers demand higher
wages and the price of the goods
they produce rises by any equal
amount? Their added wage;
will .not purchase any . more.
'Higher wages win help to bring,
about inflation, which .can easily
lead to economic disturbance for
some years to come effecting not
only themselves, but also farm
erf, small businessmen, non
union labor, etc. ;
Labor union leaders are plead
ings that employers can afford
to pay, such high wages because
they have made such an enor
mous 'profit -during, the war. :
Here, again, labor has failed to
use .good judgment I believe.
Labor seems to have forgo'.ten
the high excess profits and
grossincome taxes levied against
corporations and other large
employers during the- war. It a
large amount pf profit was made
the largest share of it has had
to be turned over to the govern
ment when these corporations
and other employers filed their
tax returns. ; Without outside,
governmentalcaid, these employ
ers, in nearly all instances,, are
going to use millions of dollars
of wartime profit in reconvert
ing their plants and factories to
- peacetime civilian production.
Imagine the millions it will re
quire to pay the costs of re
equipping Ford or General Mo
tors plants so that they can re
sume manufacturing as they
were doing before Pearl Harbor
and before the 'armament race
began.
Labor, not only in the United
States but all over the world, ,
seems to have-; the opinion that
it can live on? a high standard '
with high wages and short hours.
. Where is - the money coming
from to pay such , high wages?
Mostly from the pockets of la
bor itself,4 if it has the money
to pay with. Who will produce,
enough goods for such a high
standard .of living if men and
women only work four- days in ' -a
week? It can not possibly be
I . , 'I Vi
- -i . . mm m ... 1 i
1 .
his biuod. He loves his wife
Lon, who loves him, and his son
Paul, who doesn't but cards,
dice and roulette matter most.
By a Stroke! of the; luck he be
lieves in, he Is enabled to open
his own place where theAown's
elite dabbles in the thrill pro
vided by games of chance which,
win or lose, don't hurt them.
Charley reserves his respect for
gamblers who; stake all. . :
Despite some tense monKtiu,
especially a crap game in which
the reader can share the excite-"
T l ment without risking his shirt
By LlCllty this seems to: me rather a cap-
i J able than ,a good novel. I can't
decide whether Heth is trying to
win my approval of gambling, or
persuade me it doesn't pay; as
a matter of 'fact he does neither.
' This is the j second recent no
vel on this subject-and the sec
ond to miss a literary jackpot'
MY FAVORITE WAB STOItV,if om
plleS ky Look editors (Wkltwy
House; S2.M). i
Thirty-four; correi pondents
here pick what each regards as
4he most engrossing' war sto
ry he knows. They are short and
illustrated; youH enjoy particu
larly one about a fellow named
Roosevelt, another about what
must be the only "flier ever to
land on a ship's bridge. r
' Recommended Reading
In Salem last week, Dr. Ver
non Nash, speaking to the Knife
and Fork club: If you would un
derstand problems of . modern
Asia, read these three books,
preferably together. Snow's "Peo
. pie on Our Side," Lattimore's
"Solution in Asia, and Rowe's
"China Among the Powers
Dr. Cliffol-d E. Maser, address.
ing Salem branch,-American As
" 'sociatidta of University "Women:
For an understanding of geog-.
Dtp
(Continued from page 1)
divorce courts force a contrary
conclusion. Are men and women
living longer with automatic
heat patent breakfest foods and
bromo seltzer? Again statistics
fail to prove the affirmative. The
life expectancy of a man or
woman of 45 is no greater than
it was before we put the "accent
on" living."
Industry cuts the work week
to allow greater time for leisure
to be used for what? For gard
ening, recreation, reading, hob
bies? yes. Bu. also for partying,
boozing and 1 afing. j
- ; I have a' suspicion that in
many cases the concern over
raising the standard of living is
prompted by other motives than
welfare of the masses. The manu
facturer may want expanding
production not to benefit his
customers ' bu' to increase his
' profits. The politician may want
v'ffull employment", for fear of
political repercussions. '
; It is true there is a vast need
fr? better foods, more spacious
living quarters, home sanitation.
We err in making them the end
all of effort I recall visiting
what had been one of the most
beautiful and costly homes in
the northwest; but r it was a
broken home. Love had gone,
the home was a bare shell of a
building.
! Should we not put more em
phasis on a standard of life? Are
there no other values in living
thaVufianveniences of locomotion,
plumbing and communication?
Omar the poet liyed lustily jfed
happily, though he craved little:
"A Book of Verses under
neath the Bough,
S A Jug of Wine, a Loaf of
Bread and Thou
1 Beside me in the Wilder-
1 ness
Oh. 'Wilderness were Para
dise enow!" .
r We need not revert to the
primitive, to throw out the elec
;tric percolator and hot water
tank, to maintain a high stand
ard of life. We need merely to
readjust our sense of values -and
to realize that life is more than
food, drink "and raiment The
molding of character, the'culti
vation ofthe mind, the rearing
of families close-knit in 'ties of
affection, the appreciation of the
rts. the recognition of com-
gfenizatidnsV-
raphy as it relates, to living, . fj mrnnty-iponnbuiues bere are
"I though peace weald end ear worries! New I have to try to suggest reading .the works-of uniev'hnarks. on tteTam-
figure eet what sJierUges 'aaf'develsv'frem laber tm
L . 1 . : - 1 . . ' . '-i ' ....... ! .
$ont, apd under the present sys
tem of supply and demand,
prices will be so high due to
scarcity that money will be near
ly worthless. ! '-,
. As it is, the greatest portion
of . the price of anything pur
chased goes to pay the laborers
who help, to make ' or produce
the article through use of their
skill and energy. If . profit is
nearly wiped out - for the prop
erty owner and the employer
who is taking the business re
sponsibility and risk for return
on bis investment our system of
free private enterprise and ini
tiative will soon perish, j And,
not only the property owners and
businessmen who are employ
ers, but farmers and laborers
as well, together with their life,
liberty, property and -happiness.
True!. Profit does mean that
labor sacrifices m ' little immed
iately, but labor gains freedom
and liberty in the end by mak
ing it possible for private enter
prise to exist In the countries
where private enterprise do?t
not exist neither does individ
ual, freedom and liberty. Our
economic system of. profit mak
ing is a method by which the
thrifty, ambitious ; and those
possessing initiative and other
success-making qualities are
given an opportunity to show
themselves and are rewarded
accordingly by others. j
Another major j point is to be
taken into consideration. Bil
lions of dollars of profit by both
corporations and individuals are
turned back into the investment -and
purchase of bigger and bet
ter facilities for the manufac
turing of a product which Will
benefit the public ? in general,
which is made up of labor more
than any other economic group..!
Labor's main problem is to se1
that ! certain local situations are
corrected where men and women
are not being paid according to
the wages other men and wom
en in general are receiving for
similar tasks. Labor must also
see that the following fallacies
are eliminated:
The government must support
the people instead of'th? people
the government. 1 1 '
That an economy of scarcity
can create abundance.
That wages can be increased
30 per cent without an increase
in the sale price to the consum
er and subsequent inflation. .
. That deficit governmental and
private spending will ultimately
balance a budget and create
prosperity, and that themore
you spend and owe in debts, the
wealthier you become.
That shortening ! the' work
week increases production ' and
makes the country wealthier, or
that idleness benefits anyone.
. Labor can only succeed, make
our country wealthier' and hap
pier, and save American democ
racy by practicing common
sense and by abandoning its at
tempts to "get something for
nothing. Signed,
Ronald E. Hoveu !
Jefferson, Ore.
KILLED IN ACCIDENT '
BEND, Oct . 20 Mrs. Ha
Scott Brown, 32, died in a truck
car. collision 50 miles east of here
today. Hospital attendants re-
BBfted her husband, Raymand A.
Brown, a Culver City teacher,
Raymond, 11, and Judith, 5, in
serious condition. ;
HUNTING ACCIDENT
GRANTS PASS, Oct 20-(P)-A
hunting accident near Selma on
Thursday night cost the life to
day of 10-year-old Jimmy Hows
ley, wounded in the abdomen by
a gun discharged by Joe ' Neal
Lee, Selma. . " -
kSTEVEIIS
Where i ,
Quality Never Varies
DIAMOND SOLITAIRES,
WEDDING RINGS OR
MATCHED SETS . u .
'Always a Large .
Selection at Stevens
: ...
"" ''-.
Budget Fayneata
' ...... , . '. i
m eurt Street -
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... , r t