i-JLmu viuj U UuLl L!zdUJ LiJ Uzd-U U . HJ Li U:J Ll vJ l!rj!iJ
; yv;.vpf CBP (q)dii yD gD gD KflflSSGJOOD'O "
i l i a a a. bbm z m Km a ai m m . a i. , - i .1 - - .i a. m - - -1 i - l-
18 PAGES SoImu
NUIETY-TIFTH YEAH
Or9on. Sunday Morning. Spkmbr 2. 1945
No. 137
i i i i ii vn i m f i it v i ii m 5 . ... .. r ri
, The only virtue Labor day has
3 UUUUI7 U Uliilp 1W V.UU1C3 J-
,way on. Monday. That gives the
people a double holiday. Hard on
the churches, but folk get their fi
&al fling at summer; Whatever
significance, the' day had, if any,
has lnntf since hn losL Nobodv
pay any attention to it as a day
. 10 nonor ladot, except we pouu
clans and labor union spokesmen.
Effort to hold any formal exer
dses or a parade has long since
. been abandoned in most . com
munities. For the worker it's an
other day off, and there are other
t . m a aMH
ininoa mnrm in it'S"i in v ii im is
inarching down a hot pavement in
store clothes and union label
shoes. . i-
All the 'same, workers have
carped the right to draw a long
breath. Ships didnt get built and
tnatic machinery. ' The workers
carried the &ig burden of produc
tion. men In . greasy overalls
women in dirty slacks' who
crawled into belly-holes of steel
ships with welding torches, who
set the guides and pulled the le
vers on milling machines, press
es and cutters. Human hands, the
hands of workers, toiling with
power .machines, - turned out the
gear for war.. The nation needs
to remember this as war jobs end.
' 4nf itm a7rfer full trt
, TSrnnirh ArvanUal inn lahnr has
fought , stgainM . thf concepUon o
labor 1
(Continued on editorial page
r- r
Women Learn
Late of Nippon
ition
Canitula
ATSUGI AIRFIELD, Tokyo,
Sept. l-(P)-General Douglas
MacArthur's motor convoy from
Atsuri to Yokohama, roaring
through Totsuka village last
Thursday, was the firsi intimation
to 19 imprisoned women one of
them an American that - ' the
Yanks, had landed on Japan.
Held Incommunicado for three
nrl a half rears and never rer
mitted to contact the Red Cross
. nr writ home, were Mrs. Etta
Jones captured in May, 1942,
when 'the Japanese taking Attu,
killed her husband, the only-white
man there and wounded several
of the 40 natives and 18 Austra
lian nurses, missionaries, and ci
vilian workers taken at Rabaul,
JJew Britain.
' All boarded planes today, Mrs.
Jones bound for the home of her
brother, Russell T. , Schureman,
(Winchester aye.) Atlanta, Ga,
and the others heading for Aus
tral!.' : : -I v.
Tapped
Induction to Give
Replacements,
Occupation Army
WASHINGTON, Sept l-(P)-A
poll of the house military commit
tee showed today that a campaign
for immediate end of the draft has
lost its . steam.
. Fourteen committee members
told a reporter they believed selec
tive' service will be allowed to
continue, at least for a few months.
Likewise, they said it probably
will be necessary tor continue in
ducting 18 and 19. year olds.
Most of , the committeemen said
they would like to see the draft
abolished or modified, but ' ex
pressed belief it must be kept for a
while for two reasons: " ;
1. To guarantee the replace
ment of veteran fighting men.
, 2. To insure an adequate num
ber of occupation troops..
They added that a demand, prob
ably j still -will be raised on the
house and senate floors for a
change In policy. I
Their plan, however, If to keep
bottled up In committee any anti
draft legislation until it Is seen
whether volunteer enlistments in
crease beyond expectations ot the
need for .occupation troops; drops,
, Most of the legislators polled
asserted that although. the draft
will be kept temporarily they will
not go along with President Tru
man's recommendation for imme
diate action to continue it with
two year terms of service for men
18 to 25.
;r .-::.- I.- ' -.-if
As QJ. S. Scapegoats
! I-
1
orsmp
HODGES AT SURRENDER
. NEW YORK; Sept 1 l-()-NBC
kaid tonight that Lt Gen. Court
ney Hodges, commander of the
UJS. first army, was present at
the Japanese surrender aboard
the battleship Missouri. A pooled
-broadcast disclosed for the first
time that-Hodges was in the Pa
cific, NBC said. . .
Anim-I Crachcrs
By WARREN QOODWCH
011 n
1 iiU
N a it
b. 1 r
yf OiHt -l
in tn$
YVf httttr com
vtt U fady for hem
Tongue Pt. Veil
Lifted by Nai
ASTORIA, Ore., Sept l-JP)r-The
navy lifted the censorship lid
today on Its huge air station and
Tongue Point base at Astoria and
the' Tillamook air station Instal
lations valued at a total $30,000,
ooo. ,' .
The Astoria base trained 11
composite! squadrons fighters,
dive bombers and torpedo planes
-to go out with "jeep cariers,,
turned out in Portland shipyards.
Tongue Point bustled with 20,000
enlisted men and 2500 officers as
signed to 50 escort carriers' com
missioned at the naval station.
Tillamook is the home of six
mammoth blimps. All are housed
in a giant; hangar big enough to
accommodate eight football games
played simultaneously. The blimps
have patrolled the coast from Cal
ifornia to the straits of Juan de
Fuca. Personnel at the base Is
approximately 600 officers, enlist
ed men and WAVE.
) It costs $18 in electricity Just
to open the blimp hangar doors.
Navy officials say these buildings
are the world's largest wooden
structures.' 71: i
Truman's Kin
Sees Signing
ABOARD THE BATTLESHIP
MISSOURI IN TOKYO BAY, Sept.
1 -ff) Watching the surrender
signing aboard this ship today was
Seaman First Class John C Tru
man, 33-year-old nephew of Presi
dent Truman. He has been a blue
Jacket aboard the Missouri since
November,! 1944.
Seaman Truman has an appro
priate address In bis home town
for this ceremony 1000 North
liberty street. , .
The president corresponds with
his' seagoing nephew, who is the
son of the chief executive's broth
er, John V,' Truman, Grand View,
Mo, and has maintained the cor
respondence since he entered the
service.- .t
(Editor's NoUi Wenden Weskj musciiig editor ef The Orecsa SUtenua
who herewith rtrtewt "the kUmi for Pearl Harker," waa The Associated
Ptcss war corrcsyoadent k tetampaaM flu first ercr to sear
the American west coast. He ' arrived at the atrtckea lold-Paclflc has
within a few Say after the stuck, was attached te the army aai nary
la the tentral and ionth Pacific for leveraj months, and returned to the
mainland shortly after covering the Battle of Midway at sea.)
' I 1 1 ; . By ivendeU Webb
; j ; j j , Managing- editor. The Statesman
Three years ago this nionth, at a Press club banquet in San
Francisco,' a query was put to a couple of war correspondents
as to j who was to blame j for Pearl Harbor. That was a $84
question : and po one knewjthe answer, let alone a war reporter.
But having been back . from the combat zone only a few days,
and not having yet sensed how! many people appeared to be
clinging )to the scapegoat idea ot that holocaust, we gave what
we thought tq be an honest opinion: 1
"It is Improbable thatthe blame ever can be traced to er
placed en any one, two or desen persons.;
. The reply, we found, was a good one If a person wanted to
evade popularity. Because! we were in correspondent's (army)
uniform, and jwere bound by oath at that time not to talk much,
it became immediately apparent that a good share of the audience
thought we had Uterally "Sold out to the tnilitary. We hadn't
'! SJ i t r - j ..
Courtmartlal Now Found Unwarranted
Nw,' within the last w'eek, the army and navy finally have
determined that evidence jon Pearl Harbor j "does not warrant
the institution; of any further (courtmartialj proceedings," and
President Truman has declared the whole country at fault an
Idea which would haVe found no favor in 1942
j : Therefore,! since censorship has been removed, and new as
well as ilready-published fkcts canje dovetailed intof a single
story, perhaps it can be explained here oh just what basis
correspondents long" ago arrived at the conclusion which seems
". now'"t4 have Jeen Justified - - ;' " ' , 1' I ...
In' the first place, Peart Harbor, was either a series of the
- most remarkable coincidences, or, the world's best -espionage, in
history. It undoubtedly was a combination 6f both, plus some
factors; still to, be explained You can use your own judgment as
to which is which. Here are a few of them:; '
Every one of the Pacifid fleet's battleships ; (which might have
been used in the defense of the Philippines) were far Pearl Harbor
T- 1 " u 1 - . .
; every aircran earner was on maneuvers several
away. (If the carriers had been in port, at least
planes would have been on bahu's airfields to
Japanese Have
Bad Eyes-Make !
Enroi-So Sony
(SAN FRANCISCO, Sept 1
(ffHThe Tokyo radio reported
tonight that Joseph C. Grew,;
former .ambassador to Japan
and recently resigned as under-!
-secretary of state, had arrived
in Yokohama.) i ,
, ; V- - :.
MANCHESTER, Mass., Sept'
lH'PKVVbile the Tokyo radio:
was j broadcasting tonight the
arrival of Joseph C Grew, for
mer: ambassador to 'Japan, to
General MacArthur'i head-,
quarters in 'Yokohama, Grew
was' unpacking for I a quiet
weekend at )his summer, re
sort, "
Gjw, recently resigned un
dersecretary of state, came here
tonight for the weekend at the
home of Mr. and Mrs. S. V. R.
Crosby.
- ';-7 i
on Decj. Ii 194
hundred miles!
150 additional!
combatj the JfP attack). .
The Japanese planes came from northeast: of Pearl Harbor
on almpst the same beam and hot! far from the same time which
a flight of B-17 was expected from San Francisco' (which probably
will be: the explanation some day when the story is published as
to why! more cpgnizance wasn't taken of a radar reading showing
a flight of incoming enemy! planes). !
Airfield hangars which were full and in Use were shattered
by bombing and machinegin bullets, but those housing neither
equipment; norj machinery generally went untouched.
. J i 1 : ": .: (; ' . s, -Specific
Blame Seemed Impossible
These; three "coincidences' alone, especially when coupled
with severiak less important factors, convinced the majority of
correspondents! that there was espionage, and that on the surface
it appeared possible there was outright treachery but that cole
blame could not be placed op mere "dereliction of duty," "failure
to coordinate defense measures, Man insufficient state of alerV
"improper cognizance
war maleriaL"!
Of
or "improperly deployed
warnings,'
These quotations approximate phrases from the official report
of President Roosevelt's investigating, committee. headed by Su
preme Court Justice Owen' J. Roberts, on which courtmarital
talk against Rear Admr. Husband . Kimmel and MaJ. Gen.
Walter C Short originally was based. 4T ! ; : '- -v , '
At least some part of fhe accusations was true, v of course,
But who actually was to blame was' entirely another matter. It
can only be said that the scalps of Kimmel j and Short served
their purpose While the business of war went orit
Somei factors can't be proyed, or couldn't on the basis of
Information available in the1 darkest days h Pacific has ever
known, but circumstances led correspondents to believe these:
... There was- a definite antagonism between the . army : and
navy on Oahu, but it didn't crop out when' the chips were down.
It probably figured in a lack of full coordination in regard to
alerts and preparations. " ; -:- ' S 'f . "; 1 " -.
There was isome drinking among some servicemen the night
before,' as on any Saturday flight (and it should have been more
fully recognized by the services that this wasn't just any Saturday;
night). But it is a definite fact that two imbibers who got into
bed at 4 a. mV pQed out with the first Jap bomb and shot down
more enemy planes than any, other two pilots on the island. ,
Victims of a Need to jlacc Blame I "
This story b not offered u an excuse for Pearl Harbor, nor
does it purport! to give the -Reason. It is written merely in an
attempt to show, why it Is becoming increasingly evident that the
persons '(Kinimjd and Short) regarded as possibly; criminally
derelict In 1941 now must be regarded sor hat as scapegoats,
who were as much the victims of a nation's used to place 'blame
as they were the -victims of their own and others siiortcomings.
A few other! related facts,' some of them heretofore restricted,
may help in forming your own conclusions: ' -
There werej about 75,000 Bervicemen in the immediate area
of the Hawaiian islands when! the Japanese struck.
The beach defenses at approachable points on the vital Island
of Oahu !(Fearl Harbor) were pitifully inadequate. 7
Rumors and reports of sabotage on Oahu on Pearl Harbor
day were at least 99 per cent false, r; ' v
More than 50 radio transmitters and hundreds of shortwave
receiving seta were seized right after the tragedy, many of them
owned hy alien Japanese; r- ..;.. -i j - '
. It certainly Is possible that some startling things for future
reference yet may be turned up regarding Pearl Harbor. It can
only be hoped that they show: still further the futility of the big
talk and little-stick policy in a world at odds. They'll be too late
to do any good tor those thousands of hero-graves In the sunlit
cemeteries cf Hawaii. . . . , i . ; '
By-Passed Jap
Bastion, Truk
Surrende
GUAM, Sept 1-iD-Truk In the
Carolines, ' Once the most power
ful Japanese bastion., east of To
kyo, j surrendered today. Vice
Adm, : George D Murray, navy
cctimaflder of-the Marianas, ac
cepted surrender - of - Japanese
navy, army and civil officials a
board! the light cruiser Portland.
Headquarters said the surrender
was without incident. The Japa
nese ! representatives were not'
identified.
Preliminary ' arrangements had
been made with Rear Adm. Mich-
io Sumikawa, chief of staff of
the Japanese Fourth fleet.
Truk was long considered Ja
pan's Pearl Harbor For years no
white man had een it.
More Brltisli
In Hong Kong
HONG KONG, Sept. 1 Royal
marines, officers and men from
the British cruisers Swjftsure and
Euryalus have landed in the naval
dockyard area at Victoria, Hong
Kong, i and raised the white en
sign.
The intention of the party is to
take over the control tower and
dear the dockyard area
More marines and seamen wOl
be landed later from the British
battleship Anson and the Cana
dian anti-aircraft cruiser 1 Prince
Ribertj which was also part of the
squadron .'that sailed into; Hong
Kong,
Mac Neglects
FaslnohNbte
VJSS. MISSOURI, Tokyo Bay,
Sunday, Sept 2-ipy-Jii striking
contrast with the brilliant uni
forms of most of the Allied rep
resentatives at Today's Japanese
surrender ceremonies, General
MacArthur 1 wore cotton kahkl
slacks, his battered, gilt-brimmed
cap, and a cotton shirt, open at the
neck.-1
T MacArthur, to emphasize that
this wai a fighting war, has scorn
ed neckties and formal dress since
he leftj Australia. ; -
j,,.; - i
tX)W PAEENTS SXAT FLY
I SAN FRANCISCO, Sept HP)
Parents of many men Jusy liber
ated from Japanese prison camps
are. being' .invited to fly to San
Francisco at government expense
to greet their sons upon arrival
here,; a; war department spokes
man disclosed today. - -
KESTAtKANTS TO OPEN
i, Most restaurants in Salem will
be open! Labor Day, a survey, of
the town's eating houses showed
Saturday. A few of them, which
serve mainly the downtown busi
ness trade will be closed, they
Stated,
i
Bowles
Supports
Job Bill
provides Only
r Hope of Balanced
Federal Budget9
WASHINGTON. Sept 1
Price Administrator Chester
Bowles asserted today that the so-
called J full employment bill and
the program necessary to make it
effective "provide the only prac
tical hope of a balanced federal
budget"
'"With a national production, of
200 billion dollars worth of goods
and services annually, a regularly
balanced budget should be readily
obtainable with relatively moder
ate taxes," Bowles said in a state
ment j presented to the senate
banking committee.
"But who would assume," he
asked, "that with a national pro
duction of, say, only : 1 10 billion
dollars and with 20 million men
walking the streets In search of
Jobs, we could raise the necessary
funds to meet our federal commit
ments within the bounds of prac
tical taxation?" '
Asserting the bill merely states
a national policy and calls for a
program to achieve it Bowles sug
gested such a program include:
1. A long-range tax program to
encourage the maximum of priv
ate investment and enterprise, as
scon as Inflationary danger ends.
t. AT social Security program
which will -cover all Working
gronps. ,
J. A farm program which will
develop into a national policy 'of
maintenance of high farm income.
4. f Dropping the controls devel
oped during the wary
The committee closed its hear
ings on the measure with Bowles'
statement and testimony ' from
John W. Snyder, director of war
mobilization9 and reconversion;
Senator . Sheridan Downey (D
Calif.) and MaJ. Gen. Philip B.
Fleming, federal works adminis
trator. ' i ' '
Cpl. Deshazer
Scheduled to
Be Flown Home
; , Final Document Completed
In 20 Minutes With Names
Of 2 Nip, 10 Allied Of f iciafe
j U&S. MISSOURI, Tokyo Bay, Sunday, Sept. 2 (AFX
Japan surrendered formally and cnconditronally to the alliM
today, restoring peace to a war-ravasred world. ;.
j The solemn ceremony, marking the first defeat lit
Japan's 2600-year-old semi-legendary history; look placs
aboard this mighty battleship with 12 signatures which re
quired only a few minutes to affix to the articles of surrender.
I On behalf of Emperor Hiro-, - ' - :
hito, Foreign Minister Mamoru
Shigemitsu signed first for Japan.
He. doffed his top hat, tinkered
with the. pen and then firmly af
fixed his signature to: the surren
der! document, a paper about 12
by 118 inches. !
Shigemitsu carefully signed the
American copy first, then affixed
his ! name to a duplicate copy to
be retained by Japan.
Following him was Gen. Yoshi
jiro Umezu, of the Japanese im
perial general staff.
General MacArthur,! next to af
fix his signature, signed the docu
ments with five pens.
The first he handed immediate
ly to General Wainwright, the
Second to General PercivaL
The third was anordinary ship
board navy issue pen.
MacArthur then produced a
fourth pen, presumably to be seit
to President Truman..
. Then 1 he completed his signa
tures with still a-fifth; possibly a
trophy to be retained by. himself.
They were followed by serene
faced Admiral Nimitz, who signed
on behalf of the United States.
Next came China's ' representa
tive. ,. ; I;-. --.
The United Kingdom's signa
ture was followed bjr that of Sov
iet Russia. ; :
- MacArthur smiled approvingly
as the Russian' rose and saluted.
-. Quickly in turn, Australian,
Canadian, French, Dutch and New
Zealand representatives signed In
that order."'- - f- - p .
The scene in Tokyo bay .was
largely obscured by clouds which
hung fairly low amid the sur
rounding hills. i.l
Finally, after New Zealand's
signature, less than -SO minutes
from the start of the, ceremony,
the sun broke through -the clouds,
and: MacArthur formally and in
a firm voice declared the pro
ceedings closed.
(Additional details .on page 2.)
l.r
Potsdam Fact Basis
Fdir Surrender lext
U.S.S. MISSOURI, Tokyo Bay, Sunday, Sept. 2P)-Official
text of the surrender instrument: ' -
"L We, acting bycommand of and in behalf of the emperor
of Japan, the Japanese government and the Japanese imperial
general headquarters, hereby accept provisions in tthe declaration
issued by the heads of the governments of the United States,
China and Great Britain July 28. 1944, at Potsdam, and subse
quently adhered to by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,
which four powers are hereafter referred to as the allied powers.
- "2. We hereby proclaim the unconditional surrender to the .
: allied Towers of the Japanese Imperial general headquarters and
of all Japanese armed forces and all armed forces under Japanese
control wherever situated. i.
"3. We hereby command all Japanese forces, wherever sit
uated, and the Japanese people to cease hostilities forthwith, to
':: preserve' and save from damage all ships, aircraft and military
and civil property and to comply with all requirements which
: may be Imposed by the supreme commander for the allied powers
! or by agencies of the Japanese government at his direction.
Forces te Surrender UaeenditionaUy j
4. We hereby command the Japanese Imperial general head- .
quarters to issue at once orders to the commanders of 'all. Japa
nese forces and all forces under Japanese control, wherever sit
uated, to surrender unconditionally themselves and all forces
under their control. . - .j,.-' - . " '".' . ..
"8. We hereby cemmand all dvil, military and naval offkiala -to
obey and enforce all proclamations, orders and directives,
deemed by the supreme commander "for the allied powers to be
proper to effectuate this surrender and Issued by him or under
his authority and we direct all such officials to remain at their
posts and to continue to perform their, non-combat duties unless '
specifically relieved by him or under his authority.
. Ta Carry Oat Terms ta Gee4 Faith ! J V
- "8. We hereby undertake for the emperor, the Japanese gov
, emment and their successors to carry out the provisions of the
: roisaam oeuarauon in gpoa laun, ana io issue whatever orders
and take whatever action may be required by the supreme com
mander for the allied powers or by any other designated repre
sentative of the allied powers lor the purpose of giving effect
to that declaration. : ' : " ,.-: n .... - ,r.,
; "7. We hereby command the Japanese Imperial-government
and the Japanese imperial general headquarters at once to liber
ate all allied prisoners of war and civilian internees now under
- Japanese control and to provide for their protection, care, main
tenance and immediate transportation to places as directed. -
. J 8.. The authority cf the emperor and the Japanese govern
ment to rule the state shall be subject to the supreme commander
- for the allied powers who will take such steps as he deems proper
to effectuate these terms of -surrender." -.
' Signed: - ! . - : ".
. i Mamoru Shigemitsu, Japanese foreign minister.'-'
Gen, Yoshijiro Umezu, Japanese Imperial general staff chief.
; Signatures cf allied dignitaries followed. ,
Mrs. Hulda Andrus, 1061 O&ll
street, mother of Cpl. Jacob De
shazer, 92, one of the four Doc-
little fliers recently -rescued in
China, received a telegram from
the war department Saturday ,
advising her that her son Is beintf
flown to the United States. It also
stated that he would be permitted,
to . telephone her Immediately
upon his arrival in this country.
In the absence of definite in
formation, Mrs. Andrus said St
was likely that, he would return
by the Atlantic route and land In
New York City. Following Deshaf
rer's rescue, along with thrc4
other Doolittle fliers in . Japanese
occupied territory in China, he
was sent to Chungking, Nothing
direct,, has been beard by' Mm.
Andrus ' from her son although
she sent him a cablegram a few
days after bia rescue.
I can hardly Wait until Jacob -
arrives home," Mrs. Andrus said
Saturday, "iut I am pot makinjr
any def mite plans for his arrivsl
until I receive a telephone call f i
additional Information from
war departmenL" . , "
thi
High Raiildiig
Jap Officers
Iii U.S. Hands
MANILA, Sept l-P)-The high
est ranking Japanese yet taken in
the Philippines, five generals and
two admirals, were ' In the band '
of American forces tonight. -
Six of the Japanese military
leaders were brought in a fevf
hours after Japanese Vice Admiral "
Furuse, who commanded the de
fenses of Manila, surrendered at
Infanta on the east coast ot Lu
zon. The other prisoners, who refus
ed to reveal what their commands
were, identified themselves as LL.
Gens Tadasu Katao and Shanpei
Fukuei; Maj.' Gens. Takeo' Man-
ome, Isamo Hiral and Masuo
Yosmki; and Rear Admiral Kaku
Harada. They were taken to Ne
Bilibid prison south of Manila.
Oil
Oree
Ship
Set to Reopen
PORTLAND, Ore, SepC l--
Oregon Shipbuilding' corporation
will resume operations Tuesday
with only about half of the 12,600
persons employed when fire swept
the outfitting docks Thursday.
Crews on the ways were asked
to return Tuesday to complete the
three ships left, on contract. Office
staffs are also continuing. "
The outfitting department,
which employed an estimated 5500
to '800 workers, will not reopen im
mediately. ,-'
50 Dwellings for
Salem Approved
Frloritiet for 50 additional
dwellings H-2 units) were ap
proved Saturday for Salem by the
National Housing authority, ac
cording to a communication from
Fred A. Cuthbert, KHA represen
tative at Portland, to Clay Coch
ran, manager of the Salem cham
ber of commerce.
Weather '.'
San ranclaco
Exigent
sucm
Portland
Mx. If In. Rain
63 M JDO
B9 50 - - .C
SS 4S .
M ' BS X
77 4S v jM
FORECAST trom U. S. weather bu
reau. McNsry field. Salem): Clear,
today wtU htt). ehanse la tempeia
turea. tuabact z