m
i-;- ... .;. ' i' ' - - (. :!(-', i-j ' ' .4-. j;..
NINETY-FIFTH YEAR IS PAGES
HP
0ffl3JjQ3
like the snapping of a tightly
coiled spring emotions were re
leased when the official announce
ment was made by President Tru
man at 4 o'clock Tuesday after
noon that Japan had . agreed to
kurrender, and that orders were
going out to suspend hostilities. At
last the suspense was ended; the
war was over. Tooting whistles
and horns made the noise, but the
deep stir in the hearts of men and
women was the truest index of
feeling. The war had ended in
overwhelming victory; the dread
ed cost of invasion of Japan was
avoided; there was hope that the
new organization of nations might
nrevent another outbreak of
worldwide war.
While all the circumstances
pointed to Japanese capitulation,
the prolonged wait from their tot
tial inquiry of last Friday until
final transmission of willingness
to accept the Potsdam terms had
wornTihe - nerves of the people.
They became, fretful, with Jagaa
over the delay, and more Demcose.
They were ready to shower 'Japan
with atom bombs. ' Sam were
fearful of Jap trick. .-.- .
But it was no trick. Japan was
through.. The delay was merely
due to oriental deliberation and
ceremonial, mad most painful by
the fact that this was the first time
in history that Japan had really
been humbled as a nation. To see
all the ambitions of over half
i (Continued on editorial page)
Bomb Reason
For Surrender,
Says Hirohito
i By the .Associated Press , .
The Japanese Domei news agen
cy today broadcast over Tokyo
radio a statement from Emperor
Hirohito to the effect "the enemy
had begun to employ. a new and
most cruel bomb and should the
Japanese continue to fight, it
would lead to the total extinction
of human civilization."
i Japanese Premier Kantaro Su
sulci a short time later told the
Japanese nation by radio that Ja
pan's war "aim" had been lost by
the enemy's use of the new-type
bomb. He added that Japan fac
ed a "difficult" future and said
"the defense of national policy is
ur duty now." His , broadcast
was recorded by the FCC
SHIPYARDS LOSS CONTRACTS
PORTLAND, Aug. 14-aVThe
cancellation of contracts for . 27
additional vessels at the Kaiser
shipyards her and in Vancouver
was announced today.
Anirnd Crcc!:crs
By WAKEN GOO02ICH
l sfarnno tTya suppose
ivtt cr.e.H
wcitrt"
0
. I '
i I - i : O ! ' ' : '
L 0
o
1 .. ' "'BSBBOaassss
1 i Qi
alt Eire'
Ordered
Some Planes Out
Pilots Jettison
Bombs in Pacific
GUAM, Wednesday, Aug. IS-itf)
Orders have been issued to the
U. S. Pacific fleet and to other
forces under command of the com
mander in chief of the U. S. Pa
cific fleet to cease offensive opera
tions against the Japanese, Ad
miral Nimitz announced today.
The announcement was made in
a very brief communique issued
at 11 a. nv exactly three hours
after : President v" Truman's i an
nouncement that Japan had : ac
cepted surrender terms. .
Nimitz did not disclose at what
time his order was issued to . all
fleet units and other forces under
his command. .
However, it was known' that it
had been radioed to Admiral Hal-
sey'a third fleet, off Honshu, al
most immediately barely ji time
to prevent carrier" pilots from un
fqading hundreds, of .tons of bombs
on ine loxyo area. - v i
L Reports direct from th fleet
said "hundreds of carrier. ' planes
were but -a lew seconds from their
targets' when their planes radios
told them of the truce. ;
"It looks like th war is over.
Cease firing, but if you see any
enemy planes In the air' shoot
them down in friendly fashion,''
Halsey himself radioed the fliers.
Th pilots Jettisoned their bombs
into the waters off Honshu.
Another - dispatch, from Oki
nawa, said on' of the war's big
gest operations by the far east
air forces was planned for today
and it was ' possible that some
fighter planes, already in the air,
might not have been -halted by
radioed "cease fire' instructions.
Navy Cancels
Huge Contracts
WASHINGTON, Aug. 14
The navy announced tonight it is
cancelling nearly $6,000,000,000 In
prime contracts.
.This is in addition to a recently
announced $1,200,000,000 cut in
the shipbuilding program.!
The cancellations were ordered,
the navy said, to bring production
into line with requirements of the
postwar navy, and to free men,
materials and productive capacity
for manufacture of civilian goods.
H
By Nimitz
Pres. Truman Turns Loose
Machinery of Reconversion
9f
WASHINGTON, Aug. 14.-ff)-!
President Truman tonight turned;
the whole machinery of govern
ment loos to try to carry the mv
tlon swlftly-iend smoothly into
the broad path of peace. .
The magnitude of the job ahead-
getting industry back on peace
time basis and getting people into
jobs was vividly revealed by the
president when h declared ehort
ly titer announcing the Japanese
surrender:
The emergency is aa great as
it was on Dec 7, 1941
Promptly he disclosed these two
prime points: ,: -
1. The draft Is finished for men
2S years of age ; or over. Only
those under 28 will be taken hence
forth. The president did not dis
close how i long he thought the
draft itself would continue before
congress stopped it.-'.-v' :
2. Between 5 and million
men now in unif om will be turned
back into the civilian world within
Salem, Oraejon, Wednesday Morning, August 15, 1S4S
rn
J0O1TQ
He?1I Rule
General MaeArthar, who vewed h
fc stood n th shores f fOie
1
'tH' ""i1" Hi I I v
., . i PIMP'""- "WSv' ,-ij. (Ir
, ' frf - t
a. commission t $d Jnst that witk his appointment aa Allied Sa
, preme Commander aver Nippon. ' -
i.
MoreTha'400
Valley Men Pay
Supreme Price
... . . . -.-.v. ' ... I ' .
, The less f mor than 4 asen
wtthfai a radios- fJS to If miles
f ' Salem tempered I th Joy of
V-day In many home today.
The easvalty list nior than dou
bled within th last few months. '
Of those wh gave their lives,
approximately (5 per cent were
army casual ties, It per cent in
th navy, 19 per cent in the mar
ines, 1 per cent in the merchant
marine. I
Casualties la t$ Paelfle war
made ap 44 per eent; European
war St per eent; American theatre
15 per eent; nnknown theatr t
per eent. -;. j : I
(A roster of the honored dead
ian page 7).
Weather
San Trandsco
Eugen
Salia , .
Portland
SeatUo -
S3
40
IS
u
Trace
.83
00
0
00
.15
178
Trace
Willamette river S.S ft. :
Forecast (from V. 81 weaUier bureau.
McNary field. Salem):
Early nwrning cloudiness, clearing
about, noon, with max Ira um of S3 Je-
the next 12 or It months, all look
ing for Jobs. - -
And! all controls over the na
tion's -" manpower i were ended
abruptly in a nationwide order by
uie war manpower commission. ,
The end of gasoline rationing
expected very shortly will be an
other; sharp demonstration that the
war Is over. 5 - ;
WPB Chairman J. A. Krug or
dered "immediate steps to see that
wide-scale civilian; production is
not impeded by excessive stock
piling, preemptive buying 1 or
hoarding of scarce materials by a
few- ;
Meanwhile, due recognition was
given 1he" tremendous problem of
employment and ineraployincnt
facing the country.'
; The house ways and means com
mittee announced it would meet
Aug. 27 to consider a bill based
on Mr. Truman's recommendation
that f unemployment pay be In
creased where necessary
era! help
Price
D Ozd I
the Japs
wuld snov "On t Tokyo aa
-reeonreil Philippines was given
Petain Draws
nee
ith Clemency
PARIS, Wednesday, Aug. 15
-(Marshal Henri Philippe Pe
taln was convicted and sentenced
to death early today, by three
judges and a 24-man jury who
deliberated almost seven hours.
: The high court of justice added
it Sloped the sentence would not
be executed."
(This recommendation for clem
ency presumably will be consid
ered by Gen. DeGaulle, president
of the French provisional govern
ment) Besides condemning the 89-
year-old former chief of the
Vichy state to death for "plotting
against the internal safety of
France,? the court also sentenced
him to national indignity and or
dered confiscation of all his prop
erty. I
The lengthy judgment, read by
Judge Mongibeaux, president of
the court, went over the acts of
collaboration of the Vichy gov
ernment with Germany point byf
point and laid their responsibil
ity at Petain's feet Mongibeaux
said the marshal Instituted "a
veritable regime of terror?
in
France.
U.S. Accepts
In Allies Name
WASHINGTON, Aug. 14 -)-Britain,'
Russia and China today
agreed with the United States to
accept Japan's surrender note
without ever; seeing it -.
The agreement was worked out
verbally by Secretary of State
Byrnes in a worldwide telephone
call which he made from the Pen
tagon bunding late Ola afternoon.
Be talked with officials in Lon
don, Moscow and Chungking, told
them of a report on the enemy
message which he had received by
telephone from American Minister;
Lei and Harrison in Bern, Switzer
land. " . ' -
He assured them that he con
sidered th not a complete ac
ceptance of the Potsdam ultima
tum for unconditional surrender,
and they agreed.
No. 121
Gratitude,
Get
FMl Rein
Energies harnessed for" years to
Iwartime pursuits, released Tues
nay afternoon, sent conservative
Salem shrieking, hornblowing.
gunshooting, singing and praying
into a celebration . which . now
promise to continue throughout
jthe day:!
j President Truman's proclama
tion of two days' holiday (Wed
nesday and Thursday) for federal
employes was followed a few
minutes later by a similar pro-;
clamation for state employes from
Gov. Earl SnelL On down the
line, heads of governmental units
iouowea suit. . ,
Many Offices Closed . ,
. County Judge Grant Murphy
announced that the courthouse of
fices, with the. exception of those
occupied by the layr enforcement
division ! of th sheriffs depart-
I menifould not reopen until Fri-
inornmg. Mayor . m. uougn-
ton declared that city . employes,
with th exception of': firemen
arid, police officers or emergency
sewer and street workers, would
likewise have the two days free;
Salem: retail stores, which Tues
day closed seconds sfter the presl
dent's announcement of the Jap
an e se f unconditional surrender,
will remain closed today but be
open Thursday morning "in jus
tic ' to vital industries and our
servicemen,'' it was announced.;
Both banks here will be closed
today r and ' Thursday, under the
legal holidays proclamation.
Postmaster Albert C. . Gragg
late tonight, awaited formal pro
clamation from the ' postmaster
general, i. Without that notification;
he said, the postoffice. would be
closed , today and no city, deliv
eries would be made,, but the ru
ral mail would go through.
For some public employes the
war Is not over. Fire fighting
crews of the state and federal for
est service, - the state group in
cluding some 400 high school
boys, will remain on fire fronts!,
State and city police and sheriffs
men are: doing double duty as the
celebration advances.
Closing of liquor stores and
taverns f apparently did little to
dampen .the enthusiasm of cele
brants. - "
The celebration
gave no Indication of being any
thing other than spontaneous and
informal. State guardsmen, lead
en oi paraaes since ineir orgam
ration early in 1942, and Legion
naires, who haven't missed one
since Nov. 18, 1918, said they had
no plana for either parade or
speeches hut wouldn't be sur
prised whatever happened.
Scheduled activities were cross-
ed off the calendar. No Rotary
club luncheon Is to be held this
noon. The War Chest board
cion which was to have been held
at 4:30 Tuesday is now tentative
ly scheduled for 430 Friday.
School : directors probably win
meet Thursday instead of today.
Primary, or neighborhood play
grounds; will be closed today but
swimming pools at Ollnger and
Leslie fields will be open from
1 to ffpjn. AU playgrounds go
back on regular schedule Thurs
day. I
lIaygrnds Closed
One major Industry In Salem
will work overtime today. Can
neries, particularly those handling
beans, will observe th day of
victoryt by working to save the
produce of the valley's fields, and
an urgent call for assistance from
personal released ' from - regular
work was Issued by Egbert S. 01
iver, coordinator for the Salem
canners committee.
Other valley towns greeted V-
day with the same Joy and cedl
cation that marked Salem,
5c
i
9
Bimllieinis
GUAI, July 15 (AP
Japanese aircraft are . ap
proaching the Pacific! fleet
off Tokyo and are being
shod down, Admiral Nimitz
announced today. Five
Japanese' aircraft have
been destroyed since noon
Japanese time Augj 15.
i General Mae Arthur, su
preme commander for Ja
pan has been requested
to inform Japanese au
Ithorities that oar :: own
ires for defense re
quire our naval forces to
destroy all Japanese
crafjt approaching our po-
gitions.
NEW YORK, Wednesday,
Aug, 15- (AP) Japanese
War Minister Korechika Ana
mi has committed suicide, the
Japanese Domei agency re
ported today,-to "atone for
his failure in accomplishing
his duties as j his majesty's
minister." s
NEW YORK. Aug. 15. Gen.
Douglas MacArthor, In his first
communication to Japan, has Just
ordered the Japanese imnuseat
and Jmperlal general staff to pit
a radio station at his continned
disposal for eommanlesUoa of Ids
orders to Jasasu
NEW YORK; Aug. WMr-The
Japanese cabinet issued today
"proclamation to the nation" call-
Proc
wr
obejf
on the Japanese people to
.Emperor Hirohito's imperial
rescript announcing Japan's sur
render to the allied powers and
pledging itself to do likewise, the
Japanese Domei agency reported.
ntTAM. WediMsdar. Aosr. lH-UPi
Th final Saperfsrtress raid
Japan cost four eseertliig fighters
but not a single B-tf . U. S. army
straieaie air forces headquarters
asuMsnced . today. Thre i f th
hn fighter D4c - were resened.
Heavy Cruiser
Sunk by Japs;
Death Toll 883
PELELIU, Palau Islands, Aug. 5
-(Delayed)-The 10,000 ton cruis
er Indianapolis was sunk; in less
than 13 minutes, 'presumably by
a Japanese submarine, 12 minutes
past midnight July 30 and 883
crew members lost their lives in
one1 of the navy's worst disas
ters. :-'..-
She went down in the Philips-
pine sea. within 450 miles of
sneed run from San Francisco.
She had completed the trip to
Guam : and was bound r for . the
Philippines.
There were 315 irurvivors.
(The navy in Washington, first
to announce th tragedy, said
there were "100 per cent: casual
ties" and gave a version at vari
ance wiht Landsberg's censor-
passed story. The taavy to Wash-
l ""-
missing, including t3 officres; 307
navy woundedTmcludlng lS offl-
iters; 30 marine corps missing, in
eluding two officers: and nine
enlisted marine corpa wounded.)
The fatal torpedo attack came
without a second's warning; Two
explosions flashed out of her
bow. She Quivered. while flames
streaked like a white, i searing
torch down , passageways all
through her slim hull. I
In less than 15 minutes the In
dianapolis wag gone; 10,600 tans
of "proud and happy? ahln
plunged headfirst Into the sea.
uruusm to get ballots
SEATTLE, Aug. . 14.-WVrorty
, thousand ballots will , bev inaile
out to members of the ATL Lum
ber ox SawmllX workers union in
Washington state and Oregon for
the Smith-Connally strike election
vote August 23 and Sept. 1, "re
gional labor board director Thom
as P. Graham Jr, announced to
day. ; -
M
acArthur
Allied Government:
Holidays
By DOUGLAS
WASHINGTON, Asr. 14
war, history's greatest flood of death and destruction, ended
tonight with Japan's unconditional surrender. !
Formalities still remained
render terms and "a proclamation of V-J day. " - i
But from the moment President Truman announced at
7 p.m., Eastern war time, that
agreed to allied terms, the world put aside for a time woe
ful thoughts of the cost in dead and dollars and celebrated
in wild frenzy. Formalities meant nothing to people freed
at last of war. ..;...
To reporters crammed
useless war maps against a
disclosed that: '-
H Japan, without ever being invaded, had accepted completely and.
without reservation an allied declaration cf Potsdam dictating uncondi
tional surrender. "'' v;
General Douglas MacArthur
commander, the man to receive
There is to be no power for.
auies wiu .iei rum remain ineir tool. .no . longer wiu me wanoraa
reign, through him. Hirohito or any successor will take orders
from MacArthur. '
Allied forces Were ordered to
where. . ,.
MacArthur Notified
1 thank a merciful God that
end," General. MacArthur commented this morning after receiving
official notification of the Japanese Capitulation and of his appoint
ment as supreme allied commander of occupation forces. ' V
:- "I shall at once take steps to stop hostilities and further blood
shed. - --.i - !: ' I ' V'
Text of a White House statement
and Thursday sj legal holidays:;-" n " Z-'XS t" 'Z'..
President Truman today amended executive order 8240 to declar
August 15 and 18, 1945. legal holidays for premium pay purposes under
the order. He said it was necessary to do this in order to permil
essential work to be performed on
irom now. on, oniy men unaer.zo win ce araitea. Army oiait
m . .
calls wiU be cut from 80,000 a month to 80,000. Mr. Truman foreca!
that five to five and a half million soldiers may be released within
12 to I months.
The surrender announcement
events. Among them: . -
To a Japanese government
dictate peace terms in the White House, Mr. Truman dispatched order
to "direct prompt cessation of
effective date and hour, and send
formal surrender. . -
Th war .manpower commission
OWI End Near
Director Elmer' Davis declared
formation "soon will be over."
A war production board official
out of business once industry is on
War labor board chairman
would be no epidemic of strikes.
Those, were developments which
commanded smash headlines. Those
capped a week packed with' some
So tonight there was reason
made the most of it. Three times President Truman had to come out on
the White House porch to greet tremendous crowds 73,000 people by
official estimate who lammed
executive mansion,1 -
They jammed so tightly against
House grounds it looked" as if they
despite military. police stationed at
The chief executive spent half
him there was no personal celebrating,' even with close friends.
Grain of Salt Noted
For days,: the national capital
complete calm and. a generous
minute before or a minute earlier,
But across the potomac in the
of the army's winning war, there wasn't any jubilation. There was
no one left except a couple of bored public relations officers answer'
ing phones. U , '
As the great news became known, hundreds of Washington! ane
raced to the White House to join
the grounds. ; .
f : Mr. Truman, accompanied by
and stepped up to a hastily erected microphone. He waved and
smiled. Then he spoke:
ThU Is the Day
"Ladies and gentlemen, this
we have been looking for since
This la the. day when fascism
the world. , . -
"This la the day for the democracies.
"This Is the day when we can start on our real task of imple
mentation of free government la
"We are faced with the greatest task we ever have been facta
with. Th emergency 1$, as great as
:: - "It la going to take the help of all of us to do it I know w
are going to'-do tt,,' .v 1 r'r..t:--i' 'r
Once the . Japanese sphere, had stretched from Attn to Timor
and Java and India. Once Japan kept half a billion people enslaved
under Iron rule, and threatened to enfold another half billion. .
Now she Is defeated without invasion but at a terrific cost
T7 Toll High' !
I . For the United States, the price cf victory in world war II wag .
more than a million casualties, aa expenditure of some $300,000,000
CC3 .."'- T " i ' 7" 'if" ' ? . " ' . - - - ". " '
The world counted Its killed or wounded at perhaps 53.000.000,
plus millions more slaughtered in air raids or deed of starvation. -
Even while Japan's surrender note was on the way to Washington,
the crash of bombs and clash of arms sounded on all. Pacific fronts,
atgngfliTif death almost at the moment of peace to enemies and alliee
alike. " "' , . - i .' ... ' . . -
But for the moment the world forgot the horrors of conflict
which had its seeds in Japan's bag of Manchuria in 1S5L .
to Head
Declared
B. CORNELL i
- - (AP) The second world 7
the official signing of sur
the enemy of the Pacific had
n t, , i ..
into his office, shoving now-
marble mantel, the president
I . t
V ; i . f . h ;
had been designated supreme allied
surrender. ,
the Japanese emperor although! '
H
"suspend offensive action every-
J.'''.":':
I
this mighty struggle Is about 1
on the designation of Wednesday
those cayt.
uo. a mo. ! Mk m o m . Mt f
set in motion a whole chain of
... ,
which one had boasted it woul4
hostilities," tell MacArthur of the
emissaries to the general to arrange
?
terminated all manpower controls.
j
the life of the office of war in
j
predicted that agency would ge
a solid peacetime basis.
George . W. Taylor predicted there
on ny other night would have
developments and surrender
of history's most stunning newr.
for rejoicing. A war-wracked world
the streets and parks around the
" - .,; - .,
the. Iron fence around, the Whit
were coming right on through,
four foot intervals. -'!.....
an hour dining with his staff. Fog
; - . 7
had taken surrender reports with!
portion of salt. At 7 p. m., not
it gave way to utter abandon.
Pentagon building, nerve center
' i ' - . Z
hundreds already massed around
j .;
his wife, walked out on the porchi
Is.
the great day. This Is the dag
December 7, 1941.
and polk government. ceases ia
i-.-.-
th world. -
it was on December 7, 1341.