pagz roua Th OnTGOn GTATITMAN, Salem. Oregon, Friday llorclng. August 10. 1SU esmau - M Favor Swayt Us; No Tear Shall Ave m I rrom rirat Statesman. Uarch 28, 131 't - 1 j ' r-L . -- : . i 1 I THE STATESMAN PUBLISHING COXtPANT ; CHARLES A. SPRAGUZ, Editor and Publisher f i j Member of the Associated Press 1 Tht Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the dm for publication of aUC news dispatches, credited to It or not otherwise credited in this newspaper.' Russians Launefi Offensive Russia lost no time in taking! the offensive . gainst the Japanese in Manchuria. The neces sity for this is apparent. First, Russia is in an exposed position in Asia, with its Trans Siberian railroad running close to the border as it dips down to Vladivostok which itself is nearly hemmed in by Japan. Second, Japan has long concentrated its strongest army, the Kwan tung army, in Manchuria to guard its borders .against the Russians. Soviet commanders there fore are wise in moving first to push the Japs back and so protect their railroad line of com munications. From the initial reports the Russian strategy seems to be to aim at Harbin, important rail center in Manchuria. Striking from two direc tion, the Russians crossed the Mongolian bor der along the railway northwest of Harbin to capture the city of Manchouli and crossed into Manchuria from Kharbarovsk northeast of Har-, bin along the Amur river. If the penetration continues Japan's armies will be definitely on the defensive and unable to counter-attack into Soviet Asia. ' - . There is j little doubt that Russia has been building up strength in Manchuria. Never, even when the Germans were pressing the hardest, was Soviet! Asia stripped of military strength, -although troops from Siberia were brought in to help lift the threat to Moscow. Trans-Pacific lend-lease must have given Russia-in-Asia large stores of supplies for use in the present fighting. After V-E day Russia shifted its armies to the east as rapidly as possible over the one railroad. Japanese! armies in Manchuria must now be self-supporting. The sea lanes to the j home islands are under steady attack and the Japs at home can spare no aid in men or materials to their armies, in Manchuria. If some kind of harmony could be fixed up in China and China's weight of both regulars and communists thrown against the Japs in Manchuria on their western flank the position of the Japs would swiftly deteriorate. The signs indicate that Russia's declaration of war was not a token declaration but one which will be backed by action. The Japanese are afraid of the Russians. It looks as though 1904 1905 would soon be avenged by the new Rus sian armies. Saving of Lives j j I :. Getting Russia into j the Pacific war is said to have been the principal object of President Truman's journey to Potsdam. His purpose, according to reporters, i was to end the ; war quickly with the least loss of ; American lives. It would not be just to' the president however, to assume that he iwas inviting Russia to: lose) more of its soldiers to effect this saving. After all, Russia has born heavy enough losses in its youth in the war against aids powers, f ' President Truman undoubtedly thought , that with Russia closing the ; single open flank left to Japan and offering j bases for American op erations on Asia's mainland that the war could be brought to an end : with far! less overall loss of life. For our part we shall be surprised if the entrance of Russia on top of the release of atomic bombs does not force Japan to an early surrender regardless of "face."? ThU would make unnecessary the invasion of the islands by force, with resulting heavy casual ties. Thus the president's hopes would be , ful filledand those of all Americans. No Immediate Revolution j Vfe need not be too greatly alarmed over the imminence of revolution in power generation due to thie discoveryjof how to split an atom of uranium, 235. It ost the government two billions of dollars to solve its problem. "Money no object? was the tag on "Manhattan project." Discovery of a new secret weapon which would speed up victory would be cheap at most any price, because of the economy in life as well as in war spending. Between putting a thimble ful of this new material in a destructive bomb and having a new and practical agent produc ing a controllable force there is doubtless a great void. Consider the item of cost. There have been countless efforts to transmute base metals into gold: but we have been told that even if the problem could be- solved by science the costs would doubtless be higher than it costs to go out and dig up gold out of the earth. The made-gold, in other words, would be too costly. So with this new form of energy. The costs may be so excessive that not for decades or even centuries would it be a practical substi tute for, coal, petroleum or electric energy. Then there is the' matter ; of handling. How can it be put in small enough parcels so it will light a flashlight, drive a car or locomotive, or heat ai city, and stilt offer no threat of de struction? From reports the raw materials worked on at Richland are harmless. But some where the "dope" must get its dynamite. From then on it becomes public menace No. 1. It is reasonable to suppose that it will take a long time before this energy can be bridled or di luted and made available at filling stations all over the 'world. We may expect however diligent the effort - to be applied toward solution of these problems, they bring to man's beneficient use the power which science has found, in the tiniest segment of matter. Editorial Comment1 It might as well be as id now as later, there is some feeling among the white collar classes who report and pay a good share of the income taxes and seem! to get fewer of the benefits of social progress, subsidies . and strikes that they were misinformed in the recent election. They feel that way because it is now announced, less than two months after the state special election,' when mil lions of surplus income taxes -were voted- for building funds, that there will be no forgiveness of Oregon) income taxes this year. The state tax commission estimate of revenues is 'the .basis for the advance, warning to the people that there will be no discount on 1945 personal income or cor-" porate excise taxes -payable in 1946. Oregon's income tax rate is relatively high among states. The 75 per cent and then the 25 per cent relief still left a lot of money from that source. But, having voted out the surplus that had been built up notwithstanding these reduc " tions, apparently the State must assess the full measure of the tax for this year.. The feeling is that the outcome of the special election might have been different if the voters had not felt after much explanation that those funds were -to come from income taxes already In hand. Technically the statement was true but it is doubtful if the electorate understood, fully that the forecast for income taxes this year would be as conservative as that just issued by the tax commission. "We think some editors who supported the building fund measures, as we did, didn't get the full picture that it now revealed. With the cost of living 30 per cent up the full Oregon income tax rate this year is going to be surprising burden to a good many. Oregon City Enterprise. City Hall Alterations L j The building of a pair of lean-tos on the; city hall would result in such architectural gauch erie that it ought to! be avoidedunless the pur pose is to offend the artistic sense of citizens so they will be shocked into building a new city hall. Here is a building with oddles of space going to waste in its roomy, vastness, yet so crowded are the working offices that these additions are contemplated. j f ! Just what should be done with the building we are not prepared to say; but really nothing should be done until; the whole building is surveyed by a competent architect., Better J wait and do the job right than to butcher the build ing in a hurry. . j j j Interpreting The War Newo ; By JAMES D. WHITE 'Associated Press Staff Writer 1 j SAN FRANCISCO, Aug. 9.-JP) -The Red jarmy has chosen the obvious routes into Manchuria, at tacking across the desert from the west -and up the broad valley of the Amur river from the northeast;' j j ' . , I '$ I Moscow's " first communique said that on the "Vest the important railway town j of - Manchouli had been captured and that Soviets 11 1 .,v"' 1 troops had fought their way ten I j f miles inside prepared Japanese ae fenses. ' : It 4 V J. D. White - Wm !T"w7a hgTa Stat The Hot Seat This front extended j southward around 150 miles to the Buir lake region where the fierfe fighting of 1939 around Nomonhan took place. j Directly athwart: this western drive lies the massive Hsingan mountain range, guarding Japan's main industrial development around Mukden, farther east. The drive presumably is pen etrating great defenses j which the Japanese Kwan tung army has been building for; years behind Manchouli. ; -j i Since Japan invaded China in 1937 there have been repeated stories among the Chinese of large forced-labor gangs taken to the ManchoUli-Hailar region to work on vast concrete projects. The stories usually had the laborers killed and buried in the fortifications they had been forced to help build: . j . : ; The other arm of the Soviet; offensive is tajcing a somewhat easier : war into the one remaining and largely intact I concentration of Japanese strength. Crossing the Ussuri river from the mari time provinces, it is making its way up (south westward) the Amur j valley and Is following in reverse the most likely ; direction of any Japanese drive which might have been made to cut off eastern Siberia. :'j '-,.. j j Meanwhile, according to the Tokyo radio, a pro tective Soviet move has been made near northern Korea in a thrust past the moth-eaten little; Man churian town of Hunchun. Japanese officers told me in 193 that Hunchun would ; be their base if they ever made a swift drive into maritime Siberia to cut off Vladivostok. ' This apparently minor thrust 'could develop later into a campaign pointed at outflanking Korea. The Soviet bombing pattern falls along the chief railway junctions and distribution centers of north ern 1 Manchuria Harbin, HaHar, Chiamussu and -Kirin all undoubtedly i aimed at paralyzing Japa nese troop movements.!' ? ; 1 The probable paths lot the two drives thus, far. announced converge at Harbin, the railway nexus of northern Manchuria situated on the Sungari river, which is a tributary of the mighty Amur. On the Sungari near Kirin is one of the two large power dams which the Japanese built during the last decade. The j Kirin dam compares with Boulder dam in power output So does the other dam on the Korean border In southwest Manchuria, on the Yalu river Both furnish power for the string -of factory cities which are built mostly in the general area of Mukden, halfway down the great double-tracked railway from Harbin to Dair- en.' - f j , , . ;? This Is the ultimate goal of allied power,' for here is lined up Japan's whole wfr potential in Manchuria, which today may well exceed that of Japan itself. ; jf . -. j . . ? j . , The Kwantung army never has been seriously depleted by the.lemands of the War elsewherev Its soldiers are Japan's best They are big and tough. , - j , " ' ; ; -. Manchuria in the summer is a land of green prairie planted mostly with a tall maize crop called kaoliang (not j Manchurian millet) which grows ten to fifteen j feet high and which used to furnish perfect cover for Manchurian bandits. : The days are hot now, but the nights are- cooL The sun shines warmly and great ranks of cumulus clouds march across j the vast rolling landscape like soldiers abreast. !l .- j -; - . - Soviet Russia chose, the best - time of " year to attack the Kwantung army, the cream of Japan's ugnung iorce. Tho Litorary Guidcpost By W. Q. ROGERS SPIES AND TRAITORS OF WORLD WAR U, ky Part Stacw (Prea- tice-BaU; S2.7S). i : Admiral Walter Wilhehn ; Ca naris, head of German secret service, is the villain of ' this thriller. He was no new hand at espionage; in World war I he was Mata Hari's superior and. Singer says, knowingly sent her to her death. In this book he matches hisf deadly wiles against U. S Brit ish and soviet secret service forces, but 1 particularly against the Soviet NKVD chief, the re sourceful Lauren ti Beria. Some times he won, sometimes he lost, but whether heads or tails, some agent paid with his life. Singer doesn't romanticize, for which we can be grateful; the facts in themselves sound excit ing enough. This . war, too, had its Mata Haris, " though they didn't all have to stand before a: firing squad. There was Ruth Kuehn who ran beauty parlor in Hawaii; the beautiful blond Greta Kainen who worked in Stockholm and Helsinki; Helvig Delbo alias Greta Johannsen; Madison Avenue's doll woman, Mrs. Velvalee Dickinson. I Singer devotes considerable space to Tyler Kent, U. S. ; em bassy secretary whom the Brhv ish have imprisoned; the lease got into politics; Kent's mother has defended him ardently; the case isn't settled yet, Singer de clares. The Grand Mufit of Jerusa lem, the late Subhas Chandra . Bose, Takis the Filipino, Fritz Mandl the munitions maker and once husband of an American film star, are among those listed on the wrong side of the ledger in the democratic-fascist con flict Their names and part of their stories have appeared in the press, but this is an . inter esting roundup. ! , f The author, who has himself participated in undercover work on the continent and was sen tenced to death by a nazi court, has contributed some incidents and background detail which are new to me. One of them is the story of a "Swiss" watchmaker. ; He lived for years in England, and finally discovered, by-piecing together chance remarks and gossip, the faults in the defenses of Scapa.Flow. It was-he i who guided Capt Prien's-submariae in for the successful attack on the battleship Royal Oak. f ntrt-x-- Amadcon PW Get r .; kmpXC;Z Comfort by DTitled ; r -U - Yugoakrr Boroneas " i By William B. King (Subbing for Kenneth L. Dixon) ZAGREB, Y u g o s lavia-()-" We wish that we could see our Americans again; Can you tell us if they got home all right?' : That observation from several sides in Zagreb proves once more that American soldiers, have an irresistible way about them even when they are pris oners of war. It was last March 21 when a group of. American prisoners all airmen who had been forced to bail out in the area were brought to Zagreb by the Usta chi (militia of the Quisling Croat state). They were housed in barracks on a corner of the old family estate of. Baroness Vera Nikolic, near Zagreb. . " "When 1 heard that the pris oners were Americans, I got terribly excited," the baroness said. "I immediately started try ing to. figure out how I could help them without arousing the suspicions of the Ustachi." The baroness, a charming middle-aged woman whose title dates back to the , Austro-Hun-garian empire and doesn't mean mneh these days, set to work. By feigning indifference and making her desires look like suggestions 4 from the authori ties, she got permission for the men to Vork" in her fields and vineyards and to attend mass in her chapel. ' The Ustachi didn't know it, but it was just a short step from , there to setting up a volleyball court and having a tennis tour nament on the estate's courts. 1st Lt, Paul Harden of Par son, Kas- was commanding of ficer of the prison unit He had his hands full in the final days when Zagreb was falling to the attacking Partisans' of Marshal Tito's army and confusion was the order of the day. At his right hand during those difficult days was the Rev. An .thony (Fra Theodore) Benkovie, a member of the Franciscan or der who was born in 'Pennsyl vania. His parents, Mr. and Mrs. Thomas N. Benkovie, live at Steeltoa, Pa. Father Anthony visited - the camp the. day after the Ameri can fliers arrived and- every GRIN AND BEAR IT By Lichty S m -nr , a M J:-w-m m vkw. 1 ST L--eaL W x a .1 Mr i W J MM TTTken yon grow bp and decide to be president youH thank that I made yea practice the planer ' day after that until they left He acted as camp chaplain, in terpreter and general contact with the outside world. He still carries a note from Harden certifying all this and more. He j supplied food and medicine before a doctor was available and, says Harden's note, "provided small arms for prisoners when safety of same was threatened by the Ustachl.1 Father Anthony, whose' stay in Yugoslavia already has been unduly prolonged by the war, hopes to return soon to Ameri ca, j As the battle for Zagreb ap proached the prisoners took the arms and machineguns of their guards and fled to the woods. ; The final night before the liberation of Zagreb they spent barricaded in the home of the baroness while a battle raged all about them. ' "It was terribly exciting, the baroness recalled, "but every body behaved wonderfully. When , the j Americans left their prison barracks to march into Zagreb May 9 they had at the head - of their column ah American flag, made with paint and a length of white cloth by 1st Lt E. F. Benkoski of Con-i cord Road, Westford, Mass., and 2nd Lt Charles A. Turrisi of Orange, NJ. j j The Safety Valve LETTERS FROM STATESMAN READERS ' . . , . ; : "-i ObJeeU te City Hall Plan To the Editor: May I offer , a strong-protest through -your columns -to the plan now proposed to create larger quarters for the police depet and recorder's office in the city hall. It is proposed to build a lean to one story room on both the south and ! north sides of the main stairway, these structures to.be st story and jutting out from the main building. . . This - - same ; proposition was suggested several years ago while I was chairman of the public building committee but we would not allow the architec tural design of the city halt to be so disfigured, t At that time we received a number of protests from citizens i objecting to' "a couple of warts" on the city hall building. s While I do! agree that more . room is ' needed for the police department and recorder's office, I believe this is the wrong ap proach to the problem, especial . ly while there are several thous and feet of space unused and a . vailable in the building. ' - ) First the idea that every de partment must be on one floor should be forgotten. As a sug gestion j ' ';i , . f .J, The entire space now used by police- and recorder j should, be turned over to the police de partment i This means the re corder would have to be located elsewhere, and there is plenty of room in other parts of the build ; bag. ' i ' : - " The spot for first considera tion in my opinion is the base ment under the fire-department At nominal expense large pleas ant quarters could be arranged in , this . well ventilated, attrac- tive space, 'with a lot of room.- ' An entrance could be provided on. Chemeketa st with a. long : easy ranp, thereby eliminating a stairway, and quick access to all other departments. i , A large, number of citizens who are interested in discourag ing a disfiguration of the city Oregon's Rain Propaganda, Professor Tells Salem Lions Dr. Egbert S. Oliver, prof essor of English at Wttaimlvers Ity. Ls ThurJy Vt the weekly meeting of tle "on. club iaMtoat after he had heard so many remark. coiernte the predpiuTUoTin his naUve slate, he decided to invesUgaU Just how It all began back in 1859, Oliver Board Conl To Commence Building Plans Oreeon's sUte board of control Thursday gave i the "go ahead signal ' to the $6,000,000 building program approved by the voters in June. Asking that plans be pre pared at once for buildings already earmarked to receive a portion of the money and . for such other structures as the legislature has provided for by appropriation, the board indicated: it anticipated a Dossible soeedy end to the war. i Among the . most-needed build ings. Secretary t of State Robert S. Farrell, jr,' declared ia the 100-bed children's hospital at the Fairview" home, for whicb an ap propriation has expired during the war. but which will be built with other funds. IS Oa Tvaltaaf Us Seventy-five children in .need of such hospitalization as : could be provided there are-on the waiting list with little hope that half of them can be received in the institution within the coming year unless the new building is available, Farrell declared. Gov. Earl Snell said enough others are in private institutions (because they could not be admitted" to Fairview under present condi tions) whose parents -.Will im mediately seek to place them here to fill the new building on open ing day. Blind School Eligible The blind trades school of Port land is eligible to participate in the $8,000,000 fund, Attorney Gen eral George Neuner has advised the board of control. In fact the board of control is responsible for the operations of the trades school, Neuner declared, which board members said might put a new light' on their relationship to the school, in recent years conducted solely under a special commission. Negetlations Authorised Dr. Ware,, superintendent of Eastern Oregon State hospital at Pendleton was authorized to ne gotiate with a specified Pendleton architect for plans for a1 new resi dence at the hospital. Dr. Raymond W. Kessler, who is receiving, his army discharge shortly, was nam ed assistant superintendent of the Pendleton institution. He former ly served on its staff. Dtp (Continued From Page 1) ' (Continued from page 1) developed: fighter planes, and anti-aircraft batteries. And in no country did aerial bombing break civilian morale so it forc ed -a peace, although many in Berlin broke" under the ter rific bombing of last February. The atomic bomb has hot yet been fully appraised as . to its results on morale; but deetruc- . tive as it is of materials and of life one does .not see- how civil ian morale- can survive-its use. Douhet's . idea was that The primary objectives of aerial at tack should not be on the mili tary installations, but industries and centers of population re mote from the- contact of the surface armies. While mlli- - tary spokesmen never admitted the validity of the Douhet con- ception of modern warfare,, and the miniature application" of it by Mussolini's . airforce in the Ethiopian -war proved revolting to the rest of the World, it is true-that there was little delay in resort to that type of war fare. The Germans opened up with their general blitz in which the horrible example was Rot terdam, systematically destroyed by aerial attack, after local re sistance had ceased. Their bombing of London ; was aimed more at breaking morale -than destroying military, and indus trial installations.. From then on aerial . warfare became totaL ' It is the degree of the -devastation done by the atomic bomb which shocks us into realization of how far modern warfare has ' gone from the old rules of fight ing between uniformed armies V to reach - the : Douhet version. Bomb or incendiary does not dis tinguish between the armed, uni formed soldier and a sleeping in- ; fant between a grandmother and ; a cadet I know of no way now of shrinking back the areas of combat But 1 1 do say that If our philosophy of life has any validity, the philosophy which has been - refined through cen- r turies of development in - re- ligion, ethics and customs then , we must labor to bring the per iod of wars to a final ending. hall building are hoping the pro posed plan will be abandoned. Sincerely, , i v L. Ti LeGarie. recounted, when Lt G. H. Derby of the army engineers was sent from his base ia California to Oregon to survey the possibilities for roads to be used in the Indian ctfnpatgn. ' Perhaps being dis gruntled about being sent to Ore gon, combined with his habit' of exaggerating, led him to write some very uncomplimentary things about Oregon Weather. It so hap pened that Lieutenant Derby was a writer of some note, and his material was widely read at that time. --J" i ; Oliver presented a few Interest ing facts about Oregon's weather, one of them being -that in one spot la Oregon it does rain mora than at any other , place in the United States. The .weather sta tion, which is no longer maintain ed, at a place called Glenora, north of Tillamook, recorded rainfall up to 160 inches a year. This fact is offset he added, by learning that Oregon ranks 34th down, the scale of damp, places In the United States. In most of the south-centra! ast-mtra1 anI Atlantic aa- board states the average August rainfall is four inches or above, while in Salem the rainfall dur ing August seldom exceeds three fourths of an inch. Oliver further stated that Japan has twice as much rainfall as Salem's recorded average of 17 Inches a year, and that in some tropical .sections a recorded catch , of 500 inches of rain has been made. Oliver concluded that all the excess ram stones circulated about Oregon are nothing but propaganda, and it really doesn't rain too much at alt" Public Records CIRCUIT COURT Bertha Chamber rs Robert P. Cham bers; plaintiff reply to defendant's answer and cross complaint contains general denial. Charlotte G. Bryan vs Qeo Thomas Bryan; divorce complaint charges cruel and inhuman treatment, asks divorce, restoration of maiden name, and order compelling- defendant to pay SSO per,. month for support so long as defendant remains In the armed forces. B. J. Grodzki and George K. Schuele vs W. R. Dempsey; order" noting de fault of defendant, awarding judgment for sums of SK.50. $63, S.7l and coats. Kenneth Cook and Michael K easier vs Jim OverfieM; complaint charges Olegal posaeaFkm of property, asks restoration and costs. Claire Edward Weaver vs Hazel Opal WbMVbM ' ValaaieetieVal aakuaaeMKal;a..a denies each allegation of defendant's auiaavn. riaimui s reply to defend ant's answer and cross complaint is general denial. . Alliaon Rowland vs Thomas Row- - , - . ....... .s uci and inhuman treatment, asks divorce ana restoration of maiden name. fitattf ITnamnlAvmaMt iz Commission vs Henry John Harder, v uicnnMni on real property atiafying Judgment for S231.24. fiuram am va un Melaon: divorce complaint charges cruel and uuiwiwa utiuikhi, asKs aivorce, res toration of maiden name. " FKOBATE COURT Oliver T. Minrnun mi..i...ui.. A. M. Austin. Dean BUhopnck and . fier. PPrrs, value of estate $34,047 10 of which $30,875 is stock and $2393 is cash in bank. John H. Kinser estate: final decree cloning estate and naming heirs. Sherman Harmon estate: final de cree elosintf xttata Hiu.h.ri trix, and naming heirs.- State v$ William Henry Jenkins and robbery, continued for plea till Satur- "V " at iw a. m. Siit.,v E"rt M- Moore, malicious destruction of property, hearing for Plea set Aug. 10, IMS at le a. m. State va Earl Mlml T- sault and battery, given 24 hours to siso 9 nearing m. io. 1945. Ball MUNICIPAL COURT Lester V. Nonre, ISO . isth st no Orivr' lioense, fined SS.se. Salem, no drivers license. Bail $3. nAKKlAGE LICENSES Cart H. Scott 33, V. S. navy, Salem, and Vivian Bishop, SS, housewife, Sa- wtn. -.(..... Gavin T. Blair, IS. merchant ma rine. Okmulgee. Okla., and Thelma Okla. vunvirn, U Keith Jerruaon, , shipyard worker. B. C, CanMa. and Patricia MT 1. sales derk, Gervaks. Haai Pat Meatoya, S3. X7. S. navy" 5?3rU M Tnyi"s Arcbaaa- geult. is. heuaewife, Moville, la. We are get- -tiar parts for almost all : watches. Jencliy Ilandaclkg Repairing, Sizing. - , Engraving. " " C "' " j t , ; ' AH work don : cm fh presnlsoe; r - Z Stare Dears i CTlMM X3 Court St i