-H1 if 1 T"U OREGON STATESMAN, Satan. Oregon, Friday Morning. Tun 1, 1913 PAG2T0U3 Peters Telb Three-Fold Duty Of State Accident Commission The state Industrial accident commission has t three-fold dutyv protecting the interests of the: worker, the employer and the -public at large," Ernest W. Peters, cashier of the commission told members of the Salem Lions club at their noonday meeting .Thursday in Hotel ' -llIlIi-, T tWlWsl"-'1- MIDDLE raWKSl Z e M OP AKl RAIDS K,1 JS3SMSiSw- ifl nAlD : y n past, shall we f . cVJSSY JHSrTP S r , 7 tear up this MY i-a j 3KU ;f s i l (COM3 SKELTER? M". A SMI) I iit 111 : ' !' v ' i r " i i ! i 5 ! tr animimt wit Ta WWIfta St . -. !: s i - I ' ! ;:';! Justin Case - I i '11.1 i- "Mo Tavor Sways, Us; So Fear Shall Awe? . : ' From First Statesman, March 28. 1MI THE STATES3IAN PUBLISHING COJIPANY ' V CHARLES A. SPRAGUE, Editor and Publisher . -I Member of th Associated Press f ? The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for publication of aL news dispatches credited to it or not otherwise credited in this newspaper. Party Confusion f - -Republican party confusion is clearly indi cated in the debate and vote on the bill to extend the law giving the president power to effect reciprocal trade agreements and to am plify that power. By a division largely on party lines the bill was passed in the hoys last Saturday on a vote of 239 to 153. The fight against the bill was led by Minority Deader Joe Martin and other top-ranking republicans in the congress. Of the Oregon delegation Mott, Stockman and Ellsworth voted against the .bill and Angell for it. ! i -The confusion arises from the fact that vir tually every republican candidate for president since 1936 has endorsed reciprocal trade agree ments. Alf Landon was sharply critical oMhe Smoot-Hawley tariff. Wendell Willikie frankly supported reciprocal trade arrangements. Gov ernor Dewey not only supported the policy but claimed it as a "republican reciprocal trade "agreements program which! Secretary Hull is carrying out." He said it "has always been a republican policy." . j j Now just where does this leave the republican party? Do the presidential candidates speaking at election time voice the party policy? Or do the congressmen who hold office and vote determine party policy? Which is to be believed as j representing the republican position: the candidate or the congressmen? The country can . hardly be blamed for questioning the authority of the candidate when his assurances seem to carry no weight with his party members in congress. Or to put it another way: What is the true republican party "line" on the tariff today? ' The Statesman raises these questions and leaves them for readers to! ponder over. The same confusion was noted on the war issues. I Out-of -congress leaders like Willkie and Stas Isenkept urging full cooperation with Britain t against Hitler. Republicans! in congress gen erally voted against such measures as repeal of neutrality act, lend-lease, extension of the duty of the national guard. I .1 The lack of internal unity on the great na tional issues cannot help but make more diffi cult the party's return to power. Convincing leadership must emerge first,' leadership that can impress the country favorably and be ac- cepted within the party in laying down the party's program. , i ' nese-Americans for crimes committed by those of their race six thousand miles away. Fifth Column, Minus , A Russian reference id some "sixth column" in Germany reminds one that theterm "fifth column" has pretty weU dropped out of the news. On good, reason lis that fifth columni became suddenly unpopular their marchers suddenly found business! elsewhere, and some of them were speeded on? their way to oblivion. "Fifth column" ws a term born ii the Span ish civil war. When , Franco's columns wer advancing on Madrid he is, said to hava re marked that a "fifth 1 column" was already working in his behalf in the city. The term stuck, and found ready application to : the traitors and collaborationists in France, in Hol land, in Norway who paved the way for tho invading nazis. Passing Into the common verna cular it was freely: used as a term to ' exciU contempt or suspicion or batred. Fifth columns sprouted "widely on political fronts. . -j ; Came the reversetideof invasion, particul arly D-day. The Americans and British re ceived very generous and, very competent serv ice from Frenchmen. The latter had organized themselves very compactly and worked as spies, as saboteurs and as armed forces. They could not be called "fifth; columnists" . because they , ' were fighting within their own country to 111 LllOt'ciry aeiiver n irom a ioreign: conqueror, xney De came known as forces of resistance.! In Yugo slavia Marshal Tito'i following became known as partisans, and this term was applied to the patriots in Italy. i j . . I Thus it has come about : that the news no longer contains references to a fifth column. Like the black shirts and he brown 'shirts, it Is kaput, finished. One hopes it will not be re vived. J i !L . .. i "" ! : i'A Marion. Peters was introduced; by E. Burr Mmer. s i v r jthe fund. To prevent huge losses -rae uw was paea . khd heavy accident payments. the Peters said, -and at that time thef , 4 . workers were rat- the mercy oi employers. Less than 20 per, cent of' the persons injured then were able'to recover in the courts; To day employers are in two groups, those operating a hazardous busi ness, involving machinery, ' and those operating non hazardous business, such as farmers. - p "A hazardous business is ire quired to give protection to work ers e i t h e r by 'membership j or through action by the commission. If a hazardous business is not affiliated with the commission and an accident occurs it is the busi ness of the commission to settle the case with the injured and the entire cost is charged to the. em ployer. ! ' :' ; .; j f "However, there is also protec tion for business. When a worker is employed by a firm which; is cooperating with the commission he accepts all provisions of the law. This prevents suits against individual employers. If a worker is not satisfied with the commis sions findings he may appealfto the circuit court but the commis sion, not the employer, stands the cost of the suit. . j . . j "Between 16,000 and 17,000 em ployers are operating under ; the commission. In 1944 they contrib uted approximately $11,250,000 to Guidepost By W. G. Racers "THE MORAL CONQUEST Of OER-MANY,- fcy Emit Lndwic (Doable ! day. Doran; SZ); "THROUGH JAP ; ANESE EYES," by Otto D. Tolii chu (Reynal Hitcheoek; S2). I Here: are our; enemies, and they're a barbarous lot Con victed by irrefutable example or -.'. '-2. mmt v.; ''ft1-;'':; . ' ' - -- -w.- German Prisoners ; of War Released j When Near Homes IN OCCUPIED GERMANY (ffr-Peace, jlike war, is full of little ironic! twists. their own words, tte Japanese, 87th division., prlsoner o war and Germans aren't left with a ri Clackamas Verdict The . promptly rendered decision of a jury In the Clackamas county circuit court in favor of the plaintiff , a Japanese-American who was suing to recover possession of his land which he had been forced to leave and to lease because of the evacuation, is an appropriate answer both to the agitators who have sought to foment public prejudice against the Japanese and to those alarmists who feared the structure of our liberties was falling because of that resort to kluxism. The jury heard the testimony and the arguments, retired and in 15 minutes brough in its verdict. The orderly processes of the law had been observed and undoubtedly will be : complied with. - , ! This decision makes it clear that Japanese Americans ae secure in their rights as citizens. The only other step needed is to give them fair treatment as individuals, allowing them to buy and sell and to participate as Americans in American life. Their ties with Japan have been permanently severed, save for the few still retained in segregation centers. We -need to indoctrinate them fully with American ideas and ideals so they may not become! an isolated, alein element. ! I '! With the use of temperate judgment and a measure of forbearance in both directions the west coast can solve this racial problem. We must preserve pur laws which after all are the bulwark of the liberties of white, native-born citizens, and should not impute guilt to Japa- , 1 Editorial Comment THUNDER BEASTS" IN OREGON Did titanotheres, awesome creatures of the early tertiary, once live in Oregon? In his "It Seems to Me", column in The Salem Statesman, Charles A- Sprague reports they were ; associates of giant pigs, primitive horses and rhinos in the John Day country of ancient eras. ' T . - Mention of Oregon titanotheres ia made in a splendidly written article on the geology of the, state appearing in The Statesman, and the authority for the information is evidently Dr. Edwin T. Hodge of Oregon State college. Mr. Sprague and Dr. Hodge may ;have Information we .lack, but never before have1 ! we seen titanotheres : included in the John '. Day 4 fauna. : . j . "Thunder beasts" was the name applied to these massive creatures of old by scientists of 75 years ago. jit was to these older scientists that the tertiary beasts; with brains no larger than a man's fist and with the bulk of an elephant, were known as titanotheres. At present it i is the conclusion of paleontologists that they should be listed as brontotheres. In ages long past, "thunder beasts' roamed in great herds over what are now the great plains of eastern Colorado, Wyoming, Dakota and Nebraska So far as known, their trail did not reach into the northwest, a region showered by ash from exploding volcanoes in the late oligocene and early miocene. - f :' -V -; y" Brontotheres were among the' strangest animals that - ever ranged over the earth. Although ele phantine , in bulk, they, were comparatively low of stature, and their horns were; knobs, well back of their eyes. With the passage of time, the horns grew longer, and the animals larger. Finally the skull was a yard long, and the horns a foot high on the -very end of the nose." I Incidentally, the great "thunder beasts" that lived on earth eons before man appeared cost American taxpayers $12,830. That was the cost of the O. C. Marsh monograph on the brontotheres. The edition consisted of 4,900 copies, " The Marsh volume might bear revision if the range of "thunder beasts' has been extended from the badlands and eastern Rockies to the John Day valley. But may we have additional proof of the John Day titanotheres before -we even suggest such revision? Bend Bulletin. - ? A Question referred to Dr. Hodge, whose book on the John Day country The Statesman columnist was . quotmg-w --r-r""'"'" - Highway 99 l The state highway- commission found its task of designating the coastal interstate highway made easier by the earlier indication of selec tion of the Pacific highway, No. 99 and by the approval of that route by -the California publie works department. Oregon's action makes the choice final. -f : I ' J; : 1 The ambitious Klamath Falls section will regret its failure tbj winj the distinction, but the special advantages ol its route ' insure it a large share of any traffic moving between Oregon and California.' I f i ; ! ..... : ; j .j J:. j ' ; Oregon lamb growers are getting a running start on marketing their spring crop. They are pleading for lifting of rationing restrictions j so their lambs may; be all . sold at the time j they are ready. The past two years lamb mar keting in Oregon has been painful all around, Maybe the early start will bring a measure . of relief before it is loo late as it was in 1944 and 1943. : ( j j ? The way it has been 'in Oregon this spring people should save for the "sunny" day. Interpreting The War News By KIRKE L. SIMPSON j Associated Press War Analyst leg to stand on. The charges made by these two authors, who know firsthand j whereof they speak, Jibe with the latest news fronr our soldiery. It's unfor tunate that more of us didn't rec ognize, I before the war started, that German brutality to German was the first step toward Ger man brutality to foreign foes, and that Japan's fighting talk meant she would fight. Tolischus, former correspon dent in Tokyo, indicts the Jap anese on nearly a score of counts. He has; culled quotations from politicians, professors, business men, writers to. prove that they planned world conquest, that they are conscientiously vicious and ruthless, that w can't trust one of them as far as we can throw him, and that their em peror is of a piece with the rest of them and, however du bious he might have been about the evil course followed by his military chiefs, has never stood in their! way. j Ludwig, born iri Germany but now a Swiss citizen, caps his .de tailed, merciless criticism of the German!; character with sugges tions of what to ! do with con quered Germany. L He quotes Goethe, who died in 1$32, as saying: "Some more cen turies may have to pass before one can say: it was long ago that the Germans were barbar ians." That time is not yet here, Ludwig (declares emphatically. Among his very severe stric tures, he claims German univer sity faculties were preponderant ly pro-Hitler, Jews were as much victims of the entire country as of, the Nazis, that even when Germans, had the vote, the best at Plauen ; walked Fritz . Riedel, a veteran of the wehrmacht f engineers with six years of service fand the cam paigns in 1 Russia, Poland and Generally speaking, the wehr macht clerks type but discharge forms--which the Germans must carry at all times under super vision of their own; officers. The American officers and enlisted men check the final forms and signatures to make sure the papers are filled but correctly. "Needless to say,' these people France behind him. Fritz was "are very cooperative," ; grinned the first German:! prisoner "dis charged" by the Yanks because Plauen was his home town. Waiting outside were his wife and four children-and the vic torious American doughboys who turned ;him loose wore wry grins of envy as they . watched the reunion' 7 Implicit in Japan's indicated decision to abandon the whole southern sweep of her south; China-, sea conquest zone and its garrisons to their fate la the admission that the American" toll of Nipponese air power has reduced it to virtual impotency( for more than a suicide stand ia .the north. ' With Japan as with nazi Germany, air power was the military factor Upon which fantastic dreams of conquest were primarily based only to prove in the end inadequate to the task. Japanese and: they coUld do with it was to nazi war planners alike reckoned without the vast! elect a Junker Hindenburg or, industrial production resources of Britain and the' a Nazi Hitler. United States, once they a were geared: up to J He off era interesting sugges total war effort. The axis leaders and their peoples' tions. He would! divide Ger are paying for that Oversight in utter defeat,j many proper in two, with Pros achieved in Europe and approaching in the Orient ; sia a separate political unit He First glimpses of the?; Japanese retreat m China! advises occupying i forces to be came weeks ago as field Observers noted the at! have always as conquerors. He sence of enemy air power tor support futile attempts would forbid travel abroad, of ground armies to expand the'China-Indo Chinaf h- -l; 4. communications corridot and seize American 14th f Salem! Public library has or air force bases that were ihaniringing traffic dered this book, Hugh Morrow, along that vulnerable life lin. At the same time f librarian, reports; ! the meagerness of Japanese, air forces deployed r But Fritz' joy was compara tively short lived. Tbe home to which he returned was -. bombed A 1 AlJ Z out ana mere .. .. . is practically . l&iJL no food. Be- -V-0 tween now KenneUi Dixon and winter jhe must find some way to shelter and feed his fam- iiy. -:- : A Most of the prisoners who were released, with Fritz live nearby. One group of German Wacs, whose; sex Created a con siderable problem;, in the camp, also were sent home, j . The prisoners going! through the 87th's separation! center ranged in age from 10 to ,60, the youngest being members of the Hitler Jugend wio had been used as messengers. I The doughboys j in charge of processing and discharging Ger man military personnel have set up office in s big indoor train ing buildingf of af former Ger man barracks. The result re sembles an army induction cent er back home. ' J Much of the "separation cent er's" clerical Work is handled; by, officers and enlisted men of the wehrmacht who will be among the last to be released. "We have set dp machinery to handle the release of 1000 men or women it day," said Lt CoL John F.I Murray, FJmhurst N. who Is. in -charge of the 87ths five jjprisoher bf war camps, and now bosses the busi ness of discharging the erst while enemy soldiefs. 5 "ifeS T?' Bunna and Malaya GRIN AND BEAR IT wruiimicu uj uie increasins weigm j oi auiea air attacks there was noted. I I ! There is authoritative word from Ltl General ' Wedemeyer, American! commander in China, as well as from Chinese: military spokesman that enemy abandonment of the corridor is in progress. He told a Chungking press Conference there seemed no doubt that the foe was falling back northward to-shorten his defense pines and guard 1 Japanese main positions on the nainland and Japan itsel. The American commander 'war optimistic over the improved military! situation in China but warned that the time tod not yet come when a general allied offensive;;! there could be launched.' It seems obvious however, that ' in order to meet both the crisis resulting from American landings on Okinawa and the uncertainty as to what Russia may do, Tokyo has called in t virtually all that is ' left of Japanese air power from the south and even from central China.: ;-. ; t: !" " i- ? I J; Accepting the Chinese view shared by General ! Wedemeyer that the foe is pulling back on the mainland to some short I defense line that could be air. linked with the defense of the main 'Japanese islands, the weak point in such a deployment " would be the east China sea span between the Chinese coast and Japan. 7 . Okinawa, the largest and most central island of the Ryuku chain, is the key Id the defense of that span and desperate as is Japanese resistance still there, its complete; occupation by American forces is assured. American or allied penetration of the east China sea to; split the contracted Japa nese defense front in two . will certainly follow in due course. , . 'J h f :; That conception of the vital nature of the at tempt to beat off the Okinawa threat by suicide tactics is reflected in Japanese newscasts and in desperate nature of enemy suicide air sorties on 1 JS J American combat and supply craft in the Okinawa "and I believe the time ha come when we eaa start demons tntlnc ree. "'T-''1 '?": ttaJit-eXejujaerladiseWntc PFC Max Elsehberg, St. Paul. Minn., , who helps supervise the final signing. As soon as they are filled out these papers are turned over to . PFC Samuel Zahl, I Brooklyn, N. Y., who calls in his "board of supervisors" a picked group of German officers, j "I guess It goes without say ing that these guys j cooperate, too," said Zahl. "As far; as that. . is concerned, I can't say 7 that. I. blame them. Fd work pretty hard .-under the circumstances, too." , . : j; I ; .; r ' However, it is more; than mere anxiety to get home as soon as possible that prompts accurate work on the part of the super vising German officers.; They know they will be held respons ible for any mistakes. Discharge pay for German of ficers is 80 marks ($3) and for enlisted men 40 marks, which presumably some day will be repaid by the German govern ment in some form of repara tions. The troops j are then,; segre gated according to the localities in which they live and if it is a long, haul home, they spend another night in the? prison camp. : ! j When transportation is avail able, they are taken! home .in trucks. If not they must walk. But guys like CpL Fritz Riedel don't even need a taxi ' Labor Service To Estblish ! 2 Sub-Offices t i j ! I With growers rapidly extending their activities following the bad weather breaks, Ralph P. ; Laird, Marion county farm labor assist ant, announced Thursday ! the broadening of the labor service through the addition of two sub offices, one in Woodburn and the other in Silverton. j j I ! The Woodburn office WOl open today at 196 Hayes st, with Miss Mamie Vincent in charge. Laird is going to Silverton today to secure a location and some qualified per son to take charge of an office there. j j ! . - - "We will give growers the same kind of service In these offices as accorded in . the Salem office," Laird said, "and wheri special placements are needed in an area and workers are not available! we will draw on the applicants from other areas, coordinating the work and the material to get the best results for the farms," i 1 Laird also announced that sev eral good! husky boys with some farm experience had filed appli cations for a full summer of work and that he desired to have grow ers contact him if they can use these boys. The boys range from 15 to IT years of age. , ' Jesse Edgington Dies; Well Known in Salem Word has been received in Sa lem of the death of Mrs. Jesse Edgington, 80, of Hood River. For the past year she had ; been re siding, in Mexico with her daugh ter, Mrs. A. W. Beckley. She died from a stroke on May 23 in Mex ico. Mrs. Beckley is bringing the body to Hood River for burial. Mrs. Edgington has many friends EfiT SSH3QB D B (Continued From Page 1) commission operates a safety di vision. This agency studies the cause of accidents and it has power to' force employers to make improvements which will prevent accidents. -.' ' ' J ' I Without the law many Injured workers would not be rehabilitat ed. Last year we had 35,394 claims and paid out $5,500,000 on these claims. There were -122 fatalities last year in Industry. The law now provides payments up to 50 per cent of wages of the injured, when single to 68 per cent when married. Additional payments are made for dependents of the in jured. Through these payments, which portect the employer and the workmen, the public at large is. also protected. It is a guarantee that incapacitated workers will not become welfare charges." Damag to Moscow and Joseph E. Davies to London to conclude if possible such preliminary agreements that there can be no chance of failure if the Big Three do meet. The points of difference ! or Items ripe for conference are: j 1. Organization of the Polish government in accordance with the Yalta agreement ! 2. Set-up - of government ' in Austria without prior consulta tion with the western allies. This involves the other countries of the Danube basin: Hungary, Ro mania, Bulgaria. ' - 3. Territorial questions: Polish boundaries; Trieste. : ; ! 4. Coordination of policy and administration in Germany: re lations among the several seg ments of that country. . These are tough problems, made tougher by the nationalist policies of Russia seeking protec tion on its western borders and of Britain seeking to safeguard Its communications through the Mediterranean and its Influence on the continent .... j j Hitler's final hope was not without, foundation in the hls4 tory of alliances: the division of the allies, which would permit Germany to escape destruction The . coalition held until Ger many's utter defeat Can it hold now in victory? Those with j a long-range viewpoint, who re-i call the facts of history, can foresee the possibility that in the event of a new power balance In Europe one side or the other might seek to restore Germany to strength as a potential ally. ' And do not think that the diplo mats in all the capitals of Europe do not know their history., j : Consider the Congress of Vienna, called by the victors over; Napoleon in 1814. The big four then were England, Prus sia, Russia and Austria. They met with a purpose to put an end to such wars of aggression as Napoleon had waged, to clean out his puppet governments all over western Europe. To repre sent France they Invited Prince de Tallyrand who was the Von Pa pen of his time and country. By his skill and intrigue Tallyrand got the victors - to querreling a m o n g themselves over the spofhu. Prussia wanted i Saxony, Russia wanted most all , of Poland. Austria and England J opposed these grabs.. The divl ' sion went so far that a new al liance of England, Austria AND France,' the latter so lately de feated, .was formed, and a fresh outbreak of war became a pos sibility. Finally Prussia and Russia relaxed some of their de mands and an agreement was ! reached. Critical though we may be of the ideas of royalist legiti macy in government Which the Congress of Viennasought- to : establish, it remains true that In . general the settlements of the ; congress and the peace of Europe ; were maintained for about ft century. ? !y J. Though we know from history the chances of discord among victors, we should not succumb to a fatalistic pessimism. There : "Is a different spirit now at work the universal demand of the peoples who bear the cost of all wars that the! r governments1 . compose their differences amic ably. This pressure cannot -be ignored; and the statemen of to day realize Jt The hope of the! world lies not In conferences, whether of some big three or four or five, or of 48 nations as at San Francisco, but In the en-! lightened opinion of the peoples of earth forcing their f govern- ; meats, cooperate ipr, peace, Two Officials , i - . Eye To Nursery At the request of H. L. Pearcy of: the Pearcy Nursery, located on the eastern side of Wizard island. County Judge Grant Murphy and County Commissioner Roy J. Rice made an j inspection of damages done by ! t h e Willamette river which Pearcy told the officials "was caused by erosion induced by! the breaking of the gravel hardpan in the river by dredging operations of the United States "army engineers in 1938. The engineers, the officials were informed by Pearcy, dredged the east channel of the river at that time as ah aid to navigation. The next year, Pearcy told the offi cials, the east channel was aban doned .and dredging operations wepe carried to the western chan nel which is now being used. At the time the east channel was dredged, Pearcy said, it was possible to throw a stone from his acreage to the island, a distance of about 1 200 feet Today, he pointed out, the distance between the! island and his property is about 800 feet He explained that the! widening of the, channel was done at the expense of his land, washing oiit about four acres of fine farm! land into the stream.' He . pointed to what once was a fine field of vetch and oats which now is just a border of the crop a few feet wide and standing to extra height He estimated about four acres had already washed away. He 'told the officials that the army denies their dredging started the wash but said it was signifi cant that the wash started after the 1938 dredging. Judge Murphy said Thursday the Only thing the court could do was; to ask for some help through the j office of Sen. Guy Cordon, which, he said, would be done Im mediately, i , Veterans Talk With Governor About Director Representatives of a number of veterans organizations conferred with; GovEarl Snell here Thurs day In connection with the selec tion;! of a director of the depart ment of veterans affairs, created by ah act of the 1945 legislature. The law provides that this of ficial shalLbe appointed not later than; July 1. Persons attending the conference ! refused to com ment The advisory committee for the department was announced recently by j Governor SnelL -- The purpose of the department is to coordinate all state and fed eral laws relating to veterans wel fare end to give them all possible assistance., Diamonds at STEVENS Bride and Groom Sets 11.".- --s - -v ! . Cheose frem large selecUea. . Terms Gladly Arranged 339 Court Street