ill si v page roua Th OREGON STATESMAN. Salem. Oregon, Tuesday Homing, May 8, 1915 1 S. :. . . Wo Tavor Sways Us; No Fear Shall Awe" ; From First Statesman, March 23, 1851 THE STATESJ1AN PUBUSHUSC COIPANY CHARLES A. SPRAGUE, Editor'tnd Publisher; , ' , Member of the Associated Press - fl The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to th use for publication ' of aL news dispatches credited to it or not otherwise credited in this newspaper. News of the Surrender Monday was a weird day in newspaper circles. . The Associated Press started the day with a fac- . tual report of the signing of terms of uncondi tional surrender by the German Col. Gen. Gus- , tav Jodl. No other news service dispatched the report) They remained silent, though as a rule hews of this character is duplicated within a ' matter of seconds or minutes by other news ser vices. (Then came, word through INS that the Associated Press had been suspended from fur ther filings from the European theatre of op erations because of its earlier transmission of ! the news of the surrender. Later in the day this 1 suspension was lifted. Evidently what happened was simply that i Mr, Edward Kennedy, chief of the AP staff on I the western front, obtained the news of the sur ! render, wrote his story, filed it with the censor, 1 and it was transmitted to this country without j' interruption. Then SHAEF put the clamps on j any reports as to the surrender. This cut UP and i INS, out from getting any stories of their own ! across. Net until? today, Tuesday,, is formal an 1 nouncement to be made at the capitals of the I three, great powers,, but the fact will be old I news1 then, for the AP report is regarded as cor rect. J ' :. ' I " The generals must have been deferring to the politicians, reserving announcement of victory for the chiefs of. state. It seems absurd to try to bottle up one of the biggest news stories of all time for a period of 24 hours, the more so when the German radio had already announced that the German armies. were directed to sur render unconditionally by Admiral' Doenitz, acting head of the German government. Even more absurd was to put the muffler on the other agencies after the AP had broken the story. That put them at a serious disadvantage and de nied their clients news they were fully entitled to have. To penalize the AP for its alertness seems petty. , We await, of course, the full report on just what happened at Reims and at Paris. It seems certain that the Associated Press story was ac curate in its details and was so complete it could have1 been obtained only from official sources. As it was about nine hours elapsed between the signing of the surrender and receipt of the news on this side. One would think that a story like that would be flashed within a mere matter of minutes. Of this we - may be sure,' there must be great bitterness at supreme headquarters over the way this news was handled. The bung ling took some of the edge off of the great news, caused considerable bewilderment, and robbed the event of some of the enthusiasm which it deserved. '- , Army Plans ! On the eve of victory the war department gives definite information jpri its manpower needs for prosecution of the war with Japan. In brief the army will be reduced by about two million men to a total of nearly seven million men who are deemed sufficient to crush Japan. Those discharged will be those; in the older age groups, those with fainilies and those with long records of service. It will take a year to effect these discharges. Thi immediate job is to rede ploy the armies for service in the orient. Two thirds of these men will e brought back to this country and giverr furloughs before being ship-, ped across the Pacific. ,The airforce already is being diverted to the Pacific. I Inthe war with Germany 'the armies of the allies must have numbered over 12 million men. Russia is said to have massed four million men . for the assault on Berlin: Now for the Japanese war we plan to use ?nly seven million men. Does-this give any inkling of war plans in the Pacific? For island fat jack; not as many men. can be used. If the war is waged on broad front in China and Manchuria thn armies of great size would be required, if Japan concentrates its principal forces there. : Since there is no sign that Russia will enter ;the war in the far east, the only ally that can be expected to fur nish large armies is; China.' : So it may be the plan if the fighting is carried to China on a large scale, to build upjChinese armies. With victory in Europe eyes turn to the Pa cific. All this while qur country has been build ing up strength there, probably using the Phil ippines as a major base. Iwo Jima took out a . thorn in the side of the B-29s raiding Japan. Okinawa provides ah advance 'base which can be used to attack shipping and other Japanese islands. General MacArthur must be about , ready, for a major strike either on the China coast or in one of th home islands of the enemy. 'Master Plan' Some days ago The Statesman commented on the need for tracing back the diabolical plot which was executed in the tortures of the Ger man prison and concentration camps' Now the groups of editors who have been visiting these camps on invitation of General Eisenhower have issued a statement which says: The conclusion is inescapable that the nazis had a master plan ! for their political prison camps. That policy of calculated and organized brutality. The evidence we have seen is not a mere assembling of j local or unassociated inci dents. It is convincing proof that brutality was the basic nazi system and method. This brutality took different forms in differ ent places and with different groups. The basic ; pattern varied little. Actual nazi methods ran the gamut from de liberate starvation and routine beatings to sad istic tortures .too horrible and too perverted to be publicly described. Murder was common ' place.. "".-' - The master plan had master planners. Who were they, besides Hitler? Where was their bu reau? What documents did they leave? Here indeed is a f iejd for study in the psychology of the authoritarian rnind. It needs scientific in vestigation quite as much as the military de velopments need experts in military history. ' MtllVlliThfe. AiX the Nazis are ) I m ill r iiilllll m''jTl'! i! ' ''ii Ii1 kot in cictEt., and .J ' f W f I .V ...-ATH2FROHTL- . Ambulanco Bouoht . By Nw York lid Put to Good Usag Kenneth Dixon CiatrOmted kv Wtmm rutin. I fcr uiucwnt with The WaUaom But Gunning for International Amity News Behind the News (Distribution By PAUL MALLON j . .. ' by King Features Syndicate, Inc. Reproduction in whole or te part strictly prohibited.) I ; . 4- is Z, Does Not Choose to :Kun Mayor Fiorelld LaGuardia surprised the peo ple of Gotham by announcing himself out as a candidate for, reelection. Rd had generally been credited with intention tojlseek a fourth term.' Indications were that the "tattle Flower" would face a stiff fight if he had rujn. The old fusion of ; parties behind him was ofjfj. General O'Dwyer of Brooklyn, his opponent n the last race, was credited with greater strength. Now "Butch" bows himself out of the rafe, which was npjt.an easy thing to do, cpnsiderilig his love of poli tics, also the fact that he has made his living by .office-holding." jij : (.-;', " The peppery mayor wo makes all the .big fires tried hard to land! a federal job and Roose velt kept him dangling in: hopes for years. t Fi nally blocked front gettihj; the assignmert o head the civil government for Italy, LaGuardia evidently gave up hopes of: a federal berth. ( His attempted defiance, of the; curfew order cut the last ties with Washihgton,fIowever he did have a turn as director of , civilian defense a" job which he botched Woefully ' One should not worry juch about the New York' mayor, however. He has plenty of action and plenty of color. H is almost certain to breakout in a new place in politics. i m Shipyard Workers : . It is estimated that 16,000 shipyard workers have left the yards in the Portland area in the last ten days, homeward bound. They want to be early birds to get jobs in the old home town. At the same time this hegira is taking place, calls are going out for workers to return, to the yards to do work to complete contracts' and on ship repairing which now is providing jobs in Portland yards.' Recruiting is extended to over Oregon in an effort to build up a larger working force. f; -'V:r ' . Surely there should be no letdown in essential work. The long haul in the Pacific will require lots of shipping, and the toll of craft by enemy action and accidents is by no means small. Yet, ; aside from the importance of maintaining need ed shipyards work, it is a good thing for Port land to have the workers pull out.' There is no substitute local work in sigh when the ship yards fold. If these people can get out and find jobs without impairing the war effort it is bet ter for them and relieves Portland 6fa head ache. ' Notables Freed . , . , " The nazis didn't carry out all the executions they were accused of. With the opening of pris- on and detention camps who should turn up un harmed but Kurt von Schuschnigg, ex-chancellor of Austria, whose death was reported a few days agofLt. Gen. Tadeusz Komorowski, the ', "General Bor..of.the Warsaw underground; Dr. Hjalmar Schacht, ex-finance rninister for the nazis; the Rev. Martin Niomuller, famous Luth eran dissenter to the nazi ideology, Leon-Blum Edourd Deladier and Paul Reynaud, former pre miers of France. So extreme were the cruelties of the Gerr-ans one wonders why these men were spcrc J. Perhaps from fear of reprisals. - Tip your hat to Sweden. Its government .an nounced it had no condolences to offer on the death of Hitler. Dublin papers please codv.: , From his speech promising blood and sweat and toil and tears Prime lilinister Churchill has never fed his people optimism. -t But the remark in his Tuesday speech in the commons is a clas- . sic for understatement, wljeri he said in reply to a question that the war position in Europe-"is definitely more satisfactory; that it was at this time five years ago." Itfay, 1940, it is recalled, was the time of the! blitz through the Low Coun tries and France, when allied fortunes were at the lowest ebb. 1 j Interpreting . The War I! News By J. M. ROBERTS, Jr.' , With or without benefit lof official London Moscow-Washington V-E- day proclamations, the war in Europe is over. - J iljl r 'It had degenerated Into! 'a rat-hunt in Germany even before general unconditional surrender papers ' aingned in Reims made outlaws of nazis still bent . on resistance anywhere. : :"':). ' How long it may take & kill or disarm the lait sniper or run down Germans responsible for shock ing, crimes against humanity is unpredictable. The slate cannot be wiped clean for a new start in Ger many until that grim mission also is accomplished. The victors are so pledged; to that as they were to bringing Nazi Germany jibjectly to its knees : in surrender. There can be no mercy for the merciless. . Nor can it be doubted that. every Allied and pos sibly Russian agency for. depicting before Japanese eyes the relentless retribution to be visited upon Nazis responsible for the horrors found in Germany 1 will be re-focussed for that Service. There are ob ject lesson values in that' which conceivably could: affect' the duration of the; war against Japan. Aside from that aspect, however, the German sur render sets definitely in motion Russian-Allied ma chinery long ago agreed upon not only, for occupa--tion of Germany but' fori maintenance indefinitely1 of the meaiisfor'destroyfngjat its source the" first , sign of a recurrence there of the war mania that; led the nation to its doom, ' " '- ' -Current reports from Allied air' centers' indicate that the core of long range Russian-Allied plans for dealing with conquered : ;Germany is air power. Preparations for establishment of more or less per manent air bases in and; around Germany that! would keep every; nook i and corner of the reich j. within hitting distance in ja matter of minutes rather than hours are well underway. And with the ruins of the doomed cities about them no German of this! or the rising generation can doubt what that massed f air power would mean for them If It ever became? necessary to call it into action to stamp out recalci- ; trance in Germany) : - f . a ; ' v - .-, ' . ; As the situation; in Germany after her complete; defeat has been long visualized by Washington au-K thority, there should be po -disheartening prospect! of years of service in Rhine or other strategic oc cupation bridgeheads ccfefronting United Nations! armies as after tne last war. Air power can take over the watch on the Rhine in reverse, it is felt The mere presence of the bombers at their assigned bases should be sufficient. SAN FRANCISCO, Maj The four nations draft of changes- to Dumbarton Oaks and Yalta constant ly reiterates several hew World freeing ideals Tcul-tural,,-arace,,! "language,") "re ligionM and (doubt it only if you have not read it) "sex." j Off the jeye, you might think raal Maiioa . the big four are following the happy habits, of national demo cratic platforms and promising all things to all men. The "cul tural" angle was worked j in by Nelson Rockefeller who has been dispensing! culture to Latin Am erica so skillfully the past few years that his deas grew her into a world program. The "race ' part of it is a plain and some-! what political-sounding (appeal for solution of- the Jewish prob lem on a world basis. .What is meant by freedom of "language" I do not pretend to know as most languages! are capable of being used freely, and often have been used too freely by nations. Like race, "religion' is of course an bid and basic American Concept of an essential freedom. 4 The eradication of distinctions, -between the sexes is a universal ly accepted ideal. Its inclusion probably refers to far corners of the world like India, as I. believe , the feminist movement in China has made great progress and may need many other helpful 'encour agements than those which can be provided by a world organiz ation (I mean economic ! encour jagement jand such thingsj) Down deep in this document however, are provisions Which -open up Vast possibilities for ac tion upon these matters! Under the assembly of nations has been placed an economic and social council which no one had be ', lieved would amount to much. . A similarly ' named committee at ' this conference, for instance, has 1 decided to go into such matters only. in general terms and avoid specific recommendations about tariffs, trade, finance, etc ; But the big four proposal en ' trusted to its permanent econora ! ie and .social council the new : task r of , "making recommenda tions for promoting respect for. human rights and fundamental freedoms." . It could presumably even go into the Jewish situation , in Russia, ' or the .condition by which the ' G r tek orthodox' church has become the only slate approved or allowed religion and where I believe only one of-, ficial in the entire Russian gov ernment is a Jew. It. could go ' into race freedoms, religious freedoms, language - freedoms and sex.' ' ;' . ' Indeed it is , charged to estab lish commissions for those pur poses one committee ' on ' eco nomic activity one on social ac- ' tivity, another on' culture, a fourth -on ,the pepmotion of hu man rights and committees on "any other field within the com-' petence (this is another new and good word coming for the first, time into international usage) of' the commission." ' ; f This means; a large permanent I organization ; to del v .farther afield, than the old league ever cared or dared to go. It adds con-' siderably to the structure of the new setup at the bottom, and in 1 fact gives it ;a character beyond ; j Dumbarton Oaks and Yalta. ; Appropriations for these inves- j tigations are to be provided by -the assembly, but the big nations ! apparently thought these endeav- : ora might get out of , hand and j reserved for themselves, the right ; to.-veto r appropriations, and, in i effe to' limit them. ' 1 tl,Other rights are mentioned in the "document but not .freedom i . ot press which I think ought at ; least' to be a free as sex, and; .might well have a world com- ' mission looking after it. There ; is the right of self-determination of peoples" from the Atlantic! charter. This ? will not however, ; result ' in anyf commission , going j into Russia or other nations, i l assume, as , no commission has ; been appointed for it In fact, I Russia held one election, in my recollection, j which : came out about 98 or 99 per cent for the one party allowed on the ballot, and that one , may . last a . long 1 1 time. Thus .there appears to be some conflict in the expressions on the one hand' for "freedom for all" and f$elt determination," on ' the other -! .;,:-;.;;-,. - .k These I tiiink are the funda mental changes from Dumbarton and Yalta -although there are others; They express many of the. yearnings . of many people, largely hopes without measures. But I think there is a very good chance much will be done in a promotional way at least about the added new freedoms of "cul ture," language," and "sex";' as Well as the old ones of religion and race which we have long! es tablished, f The Literary Guidepost By W. G. ROGEZS V WITH THE 7 AEF IN . GER ; MANY, May 4.-(Delayed HJF) Side to kids attending Horace Mann school for boys In New York city f - - do you guys t ' remember how you raised enough dough 'to buy an 4 am bulance for use on the war fronts over seas? -i Well, you ought to feel nrittT COOd ' about it today. This morning a long cavalcade of ambulances, trucks and jeeps rolled across the', combat line, over No Mans land ; gome 20 miles Into German ter- x ritory. , Flying' flags of a tern- porary truce it was bound for Antengrabow prison to get more than 1200 captured American soldiers as well as thousands! of other allied prisoners. v y Ambulances of the 308th med ical battalion were along to bring: out the wounded. They needed , those ambulances badly, - - but . even so it was slightly, unnerving to sit in them and wonder what would happen , if the Germans decided to double cross us. j But they didn't -- and allot of men were brought out j : The point is that the first am bulance, driven by Pfc. Willie Copper, Danville, Va carried a little metal tag saying it. had been donated by you boysj of Horace Mann. . I , You might write something about that,? .said Sgt Phil Pin nis, of Foxcroft Maine. "Those kids probably will be glad to know their ambulance is doing some good." 1 "Yeah - - tell them we really needed it said Cpt John ling, of Madison, Ind. "The last jone " we got was shot up." ) Ihis GRIN AND BEAR IT By Lichty "THE BBST IS YET,' erase (nrr; j What a meandering book is! There's a new subject on every page, and of )course several in every chapter,' and there are- al- most more chapters than I can count since they're numbered in Roman numerals that reachj al most to the limit of my Roman numerology, j j ' " But : what j paths, often j Just downright pleasant and often' very thrilling,; Ernst picks for his meandering! It's about carpenter ing, cruising and bowling; about deafness; left-handed robins and the Inner: temperature of birds; about J. Edgar Hoover, Mayor "I am the law" Hague, correspond ent Karl Marx of the New York Tribune, Hey wood Broun, Edna Ferber, Russell Leffingwell, Jud ges Brandeis, Holmes, Cardozo, and critics . . . including book critics; about when are books and plays obscene and about JErnst's courageous and effective defense from j the ' Corns tocks of Joyce's "Ulysses" and Schnitzler's "Casa nova's Homecoming" and other .works. . ; : I : ; ! - ' "I am sure I know the; gang who. did the job," he says Of the murder of paymaster Parroenter, but it was not in his opinion the two men electrocuted for it: Sac co and Vanzetti. I ; His next to last chapter is de-, voted, with fateful timeliness, to the Roosevelts: "Much of the past IS years of my life has; been colored and enriched by Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt" I " ! If Ernst talks to jurors the way he writes for book reviewers, it's no wonder he wins cases, j "SHOTGCNNINQ IN THE ! LOWLANDS,- ky Kay P. Holland iBarac; flJS). rohn Taintor Foote believes ''no other living creature knows as ' much about ducks as Ray Holland" . , . and this lis the Holland ; he means. This; book, tastefully illustrated, Is meat for every hunter. . j "DEAK ITTH," eai4y ay Nenaaa " Eruu (Random Hat: Si). -A BELL TOR ADANO, hy raal Osaara (Kaopf; ft) . . a flramati ' saUoa af die aarel ay 3km Heaaey. -1 REMEMBER MAMA - atay la twai -acta kjr Jaka tm DiMca -(Bu. - aaart, Brae; SS.S). There is probably ,a moral of iome kind in the antics of those liberated Yanks as they rode the trucks of the motor cavalcade back through miles of German territory to freedom. j Some who had been prisoner s:il .m- u vvai OAwrw-i . fJ3i v'; : 1 e Ckx7va. foe. "Hon. Spy report stupendotis moral victory! CJS. Navy spend mnch ; time and money, learn te identify wily Nippon battleship . ma batUeship left to identify!" Futids Ready f""'. ;-;:";-". :;-'-!'; ;. Fdr Training Therapists ' A f ritical shortage of qualified physical therapists which j endan gers he proper care of infantile paralysis Victims has caused the national foundation for infantile paralysis ; to appropriate f 167, 600 - for tha training ofthese vit ally Reeded specialists, according to Dr. Wi J. Stone, chairman of Marion county chapter of the na tional foundation. " , : Scholarship covering 1 tuition fees, 'maintenance, and incidental expenses based upon the needs of the indivadual will be awarded to qualified t persons -to approved schools of physical therapy. 5 . To; qualify , for a , scholarship one must be a graduate nurse, or a graduate of a school of physical education, or have completed two years-of college training including courses in biology and other basic sciences. -.Complete information concern ing these scholarships may be ob tained from Eugene W. Hall, Ore gon state representative of the na tional foundation, 603 Park build ing. Portland 3, - (Continued from page !) There will be no wild celebra tions among the troops. These men have seen too much death and suffering." 1 Though our exultation be re strained, our v gratitude should . know no bounds. In the past five and a half years our country and the .world have passed through deep . perils. , A fanatic monster, . . heading the most hideous system , ever conceived, by the human mind, was on the point of con- ' quering the world. The bulldog determination of the British, the . infinite capacity of the Russians for taking punishment without breaking, the generous response ; of this country under the leader ship of a president Mr. Roose velt who was aware of the is sues at stake, saved the World, saved western culture as it has been developed mrough the cen turies. With firm conviction that our armies fought in the ; right and for the right there- was con fidence, that the God of battles would finally bless our cause. So now our hearts should overflow : in gratitude for peace borne on wings of victory. j The hearts of millions, are lift ed that the risks of fighting in Europe are ended. But n hun dreds of thousands of homes the war was over when the sad news came of the death of loved ones. We cannot forget them now, for it was through their sacrifice - that V-E day is possible. Nor can we forget the men who came back, with broken r bodies or '. spent minds, victims ' of war's fury- In their honor we stand in silent salute, -and pray that a v grateful nation will never forget its obligation to them. The crown of victory is not without its thorns. Fascism and the war swept Europe into revol ution and ' on into chaos. The countries of Europe face; a su preme task in picking up the threads of peaceful existence, re forming their economic;; life, ' seeking political stability ! which will give their peoples health and hope. If the unity which pr vailed in war can be preserved in peace, Europe may get back to settled order, and back on the path of human progress. ' for nearly; two and a' half years - leaned out and tossed cigarettes to German kids. Others ' threw them pieces of candy out of the first K rations they had seen in a year.-. '; H ?L" v"- : - At the same time they shouted profanity at almost all German adults, whether .civilians or sol diers. It ; didn't; seem to make sense. - : V fl -; - - : . "It's prObably ; the first time In years they have been able to feel like they are top dog again," said one GI truck driver. "I guess - they gotta do something to show how good, they feeLwr Maybe that was part of it - -but it went deeper than that " During one pause a German '. soldier came up' and tried to sur render. One erstwhile American prisoner who bad been kicked around considerably in the Ger man prison camp hopped off the truck and knocked the German down. Then he got back on the ; truck. ' , From a half dozen nearby trucks from - men who had also been kicked around plenty by. the Germans for endless ' months - - came angry mutters. "What the hell did you do that for?" said one. . "Cut it out j Jack. He didn't do " nothing to ; you," said an- ' other. - r !! ' That was a cheap trick - -leave the guy alone he's through," was another. t You probably could get any kind of a moral you wanted to out of that incident All I know is that it left us with a "warm feeling. We had expected bitter viciousness out of these who had "been, under the German heel. Maybe they should have been that way - - maybe not. But that is what happened. You folks back home who found out about your boys be ing liberated from ; Altengrabow incidentally can give Pfc. Carl T. Weber, of Rochester, NY,- and Pfc. John L. Maloney, of Dun kirk, NY, credit for a big assist.' It was impossible to get the names of all 1200 Americans for the simple reason that they were promptly loaded into trucks and moved. It was necessary to climb into a truck and get all . the names possible as it rolled along and then jump into another. One correspondent could have gotten' a. tenth of the names following this procedure. Carl and John pitched into the job. They are members of the 83rd division which effected the liberation. They were both for mer neWspapenneh. Carl used to work for the Rochester (NY) Democrat and Chronicler John used ; to work for the Buffalo Evening News, the Dunkirk Eve ning, Observer and the Associa ted Press.. -M;." Even the three of us working together only got a b o u t 300 names.' But when I left the 3rd command post tonight, Carl and John were still working on noti ces so the boys' folks back home would get the good news as quickly as possible. Receip ts 848,988,897.91 Cash receipts of the state treas ury deportment, receipted and un receipted, as of April SO, aggre gated $48,888,8971, State Treas urer Leslie M. Scott announced here Monday. - Unreceipted . receipts totaled $,847,381.65.j Cash receipts include: General fund $30,224,949.80, state land board $660,9573, in dustrial accident commission $1, 900,531.98, board of higher edu cation $1,206,300.12, state board of control $48,710.06, state highway commission $11,938,681.56, unem ployment compensation commis sion $169,425.97, veterans state aid commission $365,927.19, vocation al $655,214.06, public assistance $429,070.74, 1 liquor control com mission $88,330.00, miscellaneous $164,065.22, state . school support fund $85,073.44 and state elemen tary school fund $1,050,641.64. .Unemployment compe nsation -commission trust funds deposited with the federal ' ; treasury total $67,187,000. ? Total bond invest ments aggregate $36,092,086.88, exclusive of bond investments carried in cash accounts of $14,-059,334.61. It is believed that repeated cold infections may progressively in ure the membranes in the middle ear, and affect the transmission of sound. . - . i i STSVEIIS Vv H OKI or TM t . vJOlAMOND Exqalsltely fashioned dia moad combination. Dlae whlte. Perfect . Divided Payments W 7 xoracruaaia jv- a 339 Court St i-