TXXZ CZZOOU CTAT2CMAIL CALD-L OrJXSCn
1 "i
V-DAT EDincn
nnsn
ft
u u
FAC2 TBI
mB
War of Unprecedented Cruelty
Takes lives of 6,000,000 Men
.And Costs One Trillion Dollars
Holocaust Breaks Out
With New Fury After
Winter-Long Delay
Continued from Pare 3. Section 1
on Friday mornirig, Sept.; I, 1939,
when German armies invaded Po
land. ; j ' ;
Despising the Poles too much to
declare war formally. Hitler an
nounced only that he was; answer
ing "force with force. , -
With smug conceit he declared,
"I am putting on the uniform (the
field gray of the German army)
- and I shall take it off only in vic
tory or, death."
POLAND
; Hitler planned a blitzkrieg
lightning war and ( probably
never expected that England and
France would do more than wage
a token war when they saw the
uselessness of trying to save their
' Amazing armored spearheads
sliced through the Polish cavalry
divisions to Wht Wisla (Vistula)
trapped a huge army in the Kutno
area west of Warsaw and another
at Radom to the south.
In 18 days, Hitler boasted of
victory inw speech at Danzig,
. though it was Sept! 27, 1939, be
fore Warsaw, battered to a pulp,
surrendered. Hitler claimed 300,'
000 prisoners. . j j ,
; Taking cognizance of" British
predictions of a long war three
years Hitler declared he was
ready for a seven-year j war.
- The same day Joachim von Rib
. bentrop arrived in Moscow and
two days later concluded with
1 Russia the fourth partition of Pol-
and and an agreement to bring
pressure upon Britain and France
to make peace. if1
THE "PHONEY WAR
Great Britain and France served
an ultimatum on Germany on
Sept 1, 1939, and declared war
on Sunday, September 3," while
London hastily evacuated her
children and waited j breathlessly
for the bombs to fall. None fell.
This was the "phoney war."
On Sept. the French an
nounced that their- army had
come "in contact" with the Ger
mans, but the French preferred
to have the Germans throw them'
selves on the Maginot line and
struck into German territory only
for a tew thousand yards near
Saarbrucken. Their "offensive"
never developed.
The British were dropping leaf
lets on Germany all winter long
as H i 1 1 e r alternately threatened
"total war" and held out hope of
peace. . 1
NORWAY AND DENMARK
On April 9, 1940, the war broke
ut with all its fury. Hitler's!
troops slipped into Denmark and
Norway by sea and air. A; few
goose-stepping soldiers and a
military band marched in and
!. took Oslo. Soldiers jhidden in the
holds of previously-arrived ships
seized Narvik, Bergen, Stavanger,
Trondheim and the other coastal
points. . j
The British, caught napping,
landed a few thousand Allied
- troops on both sides of Trondheim
and later at Narvik, but were
.. forced to leaye. On April 30, Hit
, ler proclaimed a j complete vic
" tory, and within a short time Al
lied troops had withdrawn.
BATTLE OF; FRANCE
May 10, 1940, the great blow In
BETRAYS NORWAY
V - VI
i . -
X s
QUISLING betrayed Norway
and became a puppet die-'
tator in 1940; "quisling" now
is a synonym for betrayer.
the west fell on Holland, Belgium,
Luxembourg and France. The
fate of Germany would be sealed
for 1000 years by tlje outcome,
Hitler told his soldiers.
Swarms of parachutists descend
ed oh the airports near Rotterdam,
The Hague and Amsterdam, seiied
the bridge at Moerdijk, south of
Rotterdam. The vaunted Dutch
"water line" proved ineffectual
Holland fell in four days.
The Nazis overwhelmed.the Bel
gium fort, Eben Emael, and rushed
their columns across the vaunted
Albert canal near Maastricht.
Fire, Terror Spread
In three days, German tanks
surprised the French, seized Sedan
and were racing for the English
channel, with fleets of tnotorcy
clists spreading fire and terror
ahead of the armored detach
ments. . I
The Germans reached the chan
nel at Abbeville on May 21, 1940
and King Leopold announced the
surrender of his 300,000-man Bel
gian army on May 28.
Dunkerque, the Britisfy epic of
the war, in which a strange ar
mada of 900 warships, skiffs, tugs
and yachts rescued an army of
337,000 men from the beaches,
was over by June 4.
For four years, the Kaiser's ar
mies had fought to win Control of
the channel ports. Hitler! got them
in less than a month.
Mafinot Line Turned
In vain, Gen. Maxime Weygand
set "mousetraps" for tanks along
the Somme. Turning south on
June 6, Hitler brushed; aside the
vaunted French army. The Magi
not line was turned. k The French
government evacuated Paris June
10, the same day Mussolini Com
mitted his "stab in the backhand
sent troops into the border area of
France, where they dug in with
out any attempt to help Hitler
clean up.
Taking over the French govern
ment, Marshal Petain announced
on June 17, "with a broken heart,"
that he had been compelled to ask
Hitler, as one soldier to another,
for an honorable armistice.
The high point of the war for
Hitler came at Compiegne on
June 21, 1940, in' the railway car
where Marshall Foch had dictat
ed peace terms to Germany in
1918, and France signed an armistice.
urandly pleased by this re
venge for the "dictates of Ver-
sailles,f Hitler visited: the tomb
of Napoleon; --' i
I BATTLE FOR BRITAIN.
Most (popular song in Germany
was : - we re sailing Against jung
land." if Britain seemed helpless.
She has lost all but a few score
guns and tanks. aThe ! RAF : was
outnumbered. J She', fell back on
hastily organized home guards to
fight from haystacks and hedge
rows. 1 ' ' , : ; : . '! "' -. !
Hastily importing hunting rifles,
old ( tanks and World; war guns
from; America, Prime Minister
Churchill hunched his .head down
between ibis great shoulders and
declared, "We will fight on the
beaches and the landing grounds,
in the fields, : in the' streets, on
the hills. We will never surren
der" S
It was Britain's time for blood,
and swjeat, and 'tears.-
50.000 Britons Did i ,
GrimJy, 700 Spitfires and Hur
ricanes! opposed the entire .-German
lirf orce. British fighting
planes mounting eight guns, and
radar, 1 which gave . warning - of
coming raids, probably saved the
British in the aerial battle that
lasted from August through May.
But 50,000 Britons died ! from
bombs. -' lLt 's, r- l :- !
September 15, 1940; when the
Germans lost 185 planes and were
forced! to switch to night bomb
ing, his been called ;one of the
decisive battles of ' the war
Waterlbo or Trafalgar. ; ti"
In September and October, the
Germans were assembling their
invasion fleet of 3000! barges and
4,000,000 tons of ships. Not until
1944 did Churchill disclose the
reason! why ' the Germans never
Invaded England the invasion
fleet ras smashed by the! j RAF
bombing command before it could
leave port. !
1 I THE BALKANS ,
Mussolini: believed; the Greek
generas had been bought off and
invaded Greece from; Albania on
October 28, 1940. three hours aft
er a 3 fe." m. ultimatium, and there
upon pune 1 one of the big sur
prises lof the war. j i jl
-j Instead of ; wilting, f the Greeks
foughtj Not merely did they am
bush and slaughter thousands of
Italianji a few miles inside Greek
territory, but they captured Cor-
rlza . ahd other strongholds i in
countet-invasion.1 I M i .
Hitler, who had not been in.
forme of Mussolini's plans, let
ms parmeri sweat in. his trouble
through the winter. One bv one.
Hungary, Romania ahd Bulgaria
naa lauen into the Hitler lineup
Romania on October 8, ; 1940,
when ilGerman troonu
following the iron guard's ouster
oi Jung Carol, Hungary on No
vember 20 when she joined the
i -
SYMBOL OF LffiERHY
WE'LL MAKE
OUR PRESENTS
I
likt a bat over the htod! . . . with
bullets, bombs and torpedoes from
every direction! I . . until the "Hon?
Japs learn the meaning of justice to
r
-,
'A
, -
Ja
. i
7
w
Ai"4
DeGAULLE, a minor general
tn 1940, rallied war-scattered
Frenchmen and grew in: stats
ure to be Free France symbol.
axis alliance, and Bulgaria , son
March 1, 1941, when she signed
the Rome-Berun-Tokyo pact. Now
the screws were put on! Yugo
slavia.'!, i i- Hi '.:.
Belgrade Bombed '
But an uprising upset the Yugo
slavia pact with Hitler,- and on
Sunday morning. April 6. the Ger
man dictator launched bis Bal
kan campaign with a ferocious
bombing of Belgrade.
Striking: from Bulgaria,' i the
Germans in three days had brok
en across the Vardar valley, sev
ering the links between Greece
and Yugoslavia, and had reached
the Aegean, ! seizing Salonika, f In
vain a tiny British force! which
had been rushed in fromj Africa
made a stand at Thermopylae,
The nazi mechanized divisions
marched into Athens on Aprilg 27
and again the British carried but
a costly evacuation, this time
from the Peloponnesus. if
The swastika had floated over
the Acropolis only about thtee
weeks when Hitler struck , his
most audacious air-borne blow,
invading Crete on May 20, 1941
Ten days later the British ad
mitted the loss of the island. !
AFRICA
The battle of Africa reajl
started in the tragic event of July
3, 1840, when the British sat
tacked the French fleet at Men
el-kebir. to prevent warshipsf df
their former allies from faliing
into enemy 'hands. 1
j ' Six times the battle swept back
and forth across the rim of north
Africa but in the end the Ger
mans could not win because they
did not control the Mediterranean.
The Italian fleet soon was driv
en into, hiding.';
.Marshal Rudolf o Graziani be
gan an attack on Egypt August
6, ' 1940,- simultaneously with .an
invasion of British Somaliland. He
got no farther than Sidi Barrani,
where the British under Wa veil
started a lightning comeback in
December which reached beyond
Bengasi. lj ; " ' . t .
Fail Back la Spring ! r
But the British fell back even
faster . in the spring when they
were forced , to . send troops -jo
Greece. Again in November, 1941,
the British launched an offensive
which relieved Tobruk shortly be
fore the last Italian1 stronghold in
Ethiopia surrendered. ; ' ; . .
Not long thereafter came Pearl
Harbor, and Hitler; declared war
on the United! States. His ulti
mate extirpation began to' loom
on the horizon then, for he had
turned the spigot which was to
produce a flood of allied war ma
teriel and meni-v. PA-' ..
But there still were black days
in store for the allies, and Sun
day, June 21,1 1942, v ranks with
the blackest of . them all. I
Rommel ' Takes Tobrak
I..
On that day, Marshal Erwin
Rommel's Africa corps .took. To
bruk in a surprise thrust, winch
carried him to within 60 miles
of Alexandria. A junction of Ger
man and Japanese forces on the
shores ; of the Indian ocean was
threatened. The Germans . were
preparing the ; summer offensive
which might break the Soviet Un
ion and which; was to take them
from Kharkov to Stalingrad.
. The allies had lost Singapore,
the Philippines, Burma, the Dutch
East Indies and parts of the Aleu
tians. Australia still was men
aced, despite two Japanese air-
sea defeats in the Coral sea and
at Midway, in May and June.
1000 Bombers in Raid
Almost the brightest spot in the
allied, picture was that only three
weeks before the British had car
ried out their j first 1000-bomber
raid against Cologne.
: Air and tank forces rushed to
Africa eventually' turned the tide,
permitting Gen. Sir Bernard L.
Montgomery's Eighth army to
score its great (victory at El Ala
mein in Egypt on October 23,
1942, and begin its march' to meet
the American and British forces
of Gen. Dwight D.i Eisenhower
which landed in Morocco and Al
geria on November 7.
Trapped on Cape Bon In Tuni
sia, the Germans and Italians fi
nally surrendered on . May . 12,
1943, ending the battle of Africa,
and the stage was set for the in
vasibn of Italy, Axis casualties in
Tunisia 'were placed at 341,000.'
KLi&siA - vassmo, esiaousneq ujc ica.tuiciu
' Until Sunday morning, June 22, at Anzio below Rome, and finally,
,1941, everything went well with on May 11, 1944, launched the; of
Hitler's war. That was the day tensive : which carried jthemj to
he loosed his invasion of Russia. Rome. On June 4 the Palazzo! Ve-
Joined I by Finland.- Romania, neziaj where Mussolini's balcony
Hungary and Italy, Hitler boasted stands, was turned Into si museum,
of the greatest .front in history t INVASION j I
2000 miles from the Arctic to the Two days after the first fatt of
Black sea. Stories from Berlin 8Q Axis capital, Ihe greatest am-
.UAU. T T .1 t . I I
kuvi uic nuis oeuevea wey wouia
crush Russia in three to six weeks.
Swiftly, the 4 German : armies
sliced through Russian annex
territories of Poland, Estonia, Lat
via, Lithuania, Karelia, Bessar
abia; swept across White Russia
and the Ukraine.
Moscow Never Falls
Russia ;nevef again will rise."
Hitler declared in October, 1941,
launching a "final assault" on
Moscow. Another final assault was
ordered in November. Moscow did
hot fair Then, at the right time,
the Russian counter-offensive Was
launched. The t Germans were
caught in the worst Russian win
ter in years, and the retreat along
the Napoleonic road to disaster
was begun. f
In August, 1942, the 'Germans
reached their high water mark of
conquest at Stalingrad, 1300 miles
from Germany's eastern border,
2200. miles from Hitler's western
front on the French coast.
The great Red army counter
offensive began on Nov. 22, 1942,
at Stalingrad. It has been under
way ever since, with pauses.
Official ' Russian figures place
Russian dead, captured and woun
ded at 5,300,000, German dead and
captured; at 7,800,000. The Ger
mans have claimed as high as
10,000,000 Russian casualties.
ITALY '
The allies' invasion of Europe
r really began with the attack on
Sicily by Gen. Eisenhower's Brit
ish and American forces on July
10, 1943. Fifteen days later Musso
lini was ousted in Rome the first
serious break in the axis struc
ture. Striking swiftly on September 3,
1943, after completion of a 38-day
campaign in Sicily, Gen. Mont
gomery's troops invaded the toe of
Italy. The Fifth army of Gen.
Mark Clark landed at Salerno be
low Naples and, after a bloody
battle with the Germans, estab
lished a beachhead six days later,
almost simultaneously with an
nouncement of the surrender ,ot
the government of Marshal Pietro
Badoglio which had succeeded
Mussolini. The first of the big
three in the Axis had been knock
ed out of the war.
Through a bitter winter cam
paign, the Americans and . - their
allies made but slow progress from
Naples, fought the bloody battle of
phibious Invasion force of all time
touched "land la Normandy. The
D-day, for which American fac
tories bad been turning out weap
ons since Dec 7, 1941, had dawned.
Untried: American divisions
quickly proved they could ' beat
Hitler's best veterans. . . ."
The results were not long ia
showing in Berlin. .
"UE ARE HERE TO LIBERATE HOT TO SUBJUGATE!"
lij-l ?" 1 a Xj . tin
.1 - ,1- i,i ! , I .1 ' i ' ' ' l ,
ABA lcn-9 mechcmlxecl unit rous nolsUY 'down
1 fX'XW-XXv.i.XW
.;: j; " . " --i'-: , . . - .
If 0.
' ! : :w W.I.
lj To THOSE WHO
: ML V.
1 ' . 1
I i Som
II '
- -i
!
' died. ; ;. .
'
V'. i '. i ' ' '
,1
t i
. t I
i
SACRIFICED .
fi men'are awardecTtrtff
Purple Heart posthumously.
- - !' : ' '
, Soma live to wear it with pride
. . j -"-
and memories. Memories of by how
slim a chance they lived while others.
The" ipirit of those .who Jail and
. . j. . - . . '
of thosei whosurviveis the same
Each hero in battle WOULD give all!
I i t ' ' ' ;
Vith a full. understanding that only
the perpetuation of freedom is worth'
such sacrifice. W;
WE
jean help'the living and
honor 'our ""dead i heroes.Tonly by
doing a
the cobbled streets oi a small down
its machines .and men are not Greeted bj the sight of barred windows ... barricaded doors . .
or. cowering groups of poopls overwhelmed bj tho advsnl of a now terror. Thty crro AHiod tanks
driven by boys who llred In similar towns half a world away. The load ay goes up Americans!
Americemslt Thess tanks of war designed for fierce fighfingars broughf liberation to another
town of nslaved people. Otixens gather in tit streets to" welcomo fhs coming of those they know
to be friends in heart and spirit. They, do nof Spak the same language. They do not havs the same
customs but thsy understand each other afWty those who : hare fought the same fiendish enemy
can. These people who hare bred to see the bonds of tyranny lifted from their town know once more
the toy of freedom. They can now realize again the glorious feeling of speaking as they, wish of at
tending the churches of their faith. G&aren can see smiles on the faces of parents who hare not
had reason to smile for a long lime. Slowly the raTages of" fear ore wiped from the hearts of men
and women who hare llred without hope ix so lona. Where before fhey hare felt the; brutality of
the iron whip of Fascism they now feel the kindly helpfulness of democracy. They are once more
a free people. Instead of a people enslared by the bonds of fear. The Ideals of democracy which lire
io strongly In the bearU of all Americans, once! more bring the light of freedom to a darkened Europe.
I we can to shorten the warl,
i - ! i
PIGGLY-WIGGLY
iSUPER MARKET ' ' j
H. CAPITOL AND MARXET STS.
! SALEM
the tune of Unconditional Surrender! '
Vith that as our goal, there's no
rccrn for a let-down here at home. v
; Get in with everything you've got.
' Ctr.::rvs, wives! Buy Mere War
Csnds! ... for Victory!
D-l!d IlSm Slalion
Galea's Own Station'
1
D (ID CD K dD M
mm.
'464 State Street
i
?!
Salem, i Oregon
UW.VSAVmU
tSV.W.W.V,'ijjiuja:
3t
' !