Tilt OHEGOn CTATClIAll, Sclra, Oregon, Thursday Monlng, April 12, 1845
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From First Statesman, March 28, 1851 '
THE STATES3IAN PUBLISHING COMPANY I
CHARLES A. SPRAGUE, Editor and Publisher
Member of the Associated Press i .
The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for publication of all
news dispatches credited to it or not otherwise credited in this newspaper.
Extend Lcnd-Lease
The congress has passed and sent to the presi
dent a bill extending the life of the lend-lease
administration for one more year. While the act
is self-limiting, Senator Taft sought to tack on
an amendment to the bill that would terminate
furnishing of supplies to foreign nations with
the end of the fighting, but the amendment was
defeated when the vice president broke a tie
with a negative vote. The language of the meas
ure as adopted "denies any authorization for the
president to enter into any agreement with for
eign nations covering postwar rehabilitation
and relief. The object is to prevent this coun
try being made the almoner for the whole world
when the war stops.
This does not mean that this country will
deny assistance to countries like China, but that
any such undertakings must be approved by
the congress as relief or rehabilitation meas
ures, not put across under the disguise of lend
lease for the winning of the war. These ques
tions are deferred for future decision, which is
sound policy.
Lend-lease has cost this country a staggering
sum of money, running into billions. But we
must admit the goods furnished have been of
tremendous value to our nation and to the
United Nations in assuring a victory over the
axis powers. Our trucks helped the Russians
carry on the offensive which destroyed great
German armies. Our tanks sent the British
helped stop the Germans in Africa and then
helped roll them back into the sea , at Tunisia.
Our supplies to Marshall Tito in Jugo Slavia
and to the resistance forces of France helped
defeat the Germans in those countries. Yes, we
' have reaped large dividends in military victory
from these' huge investments.
It is probable that much of this lend-lease
account will be written off the books, when the
audit of the war is concluded, Russia may
make substantial repayments, which it is able
to do, given time. Britain itself may be in such
an economic position that it cannot make much
repayment. Australia has furnished great quan
tities of supplies on reverse lend-lease. The
bulk of the account will simply have to be
charged to the cost of the war.
We should recognize the situation frankly and
wind up our inter - government accounts
promptly when the war ends, and not have the
continuing bickering such as followed the first
world war over our "loans' to associated coun
tries. This and reparations were a serious in
terference with world recovery because the bur
dens were too great to be borne except by pay
ments in goods which our country refused to
accept. There should be, and will be, no ficti
tious assets in these lend-lease accounts. We
cannot expect much recovery thereon. Our
realization has come in the victory and returns
will accruje to the indefinite future if the states-
men can write a peace that will endure.
Sweden Slams Door
The Swedes have finally gotten round to say
ing "Ay tank we have no room for the nazis."
They were stimulated to making this decision
by the recent influx of Germans. The Swedes
aw that if they didn't put up some bars they
would be overrun with chaps with the names
of Herman and Joseph and Adolf and Fritz and
Hans, who suddenly found they had business in
Stockholm and perhaps had a sick aunt in Gote
burg. Now the immigrant Germans will be
shipped back home unless they are genuine de
serters from the army or are in poor health.
Switzerland remains a country of refuge and
says it will welcome "the Unfortunate and in
nocent victims of this war," which is a worthy
purpose; but Switzerland says it is firmly de
termined not to receive any foreigners "who
have trespassed the elementary laws of human
rights.'' 1
Der fuehrer Hitler will have no place to go
except Japan, and will not be welcome there.
A former chief economist of the Deutsche
bank of Berlin says that the loss of the German
gold to the allies will leave Germany "in a state
of financial paralysis." Germany has a worse
sickness than that. It has military paralysis in
duced by allied shock.
Editorial Comment
DULLES, INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS ADVISER
As preparations continue for the San Francisco
conference, there is good news in the announcement
that John Foster Dulles, has accepted an invitation
to serve as an adviser to the American delegation:
Hi$ presence will do much to renew the ideal that
America's participation in the conference shall not
reflect partisan politics. His ability will add great
ly to the delegation's effectiveness.
Mr. Dulles was Thomas E Dewey Y adviser on
international affairs in the 1944 campaign and, it
will be , remembered, international affairs, espe
cially in relation to the post-war world, 'were left
out, of the campaign controversy. Representing the
republican candidate, Mr, Dulles was directly and
thoroughly informed on the occurrences at the
Dumbarton Oaks meeting, where the preview of the
Sait Francisco conference was given.
Before that, of course, he was recognized as an
expect on international questions. He is chairman
of the federal council of churches commissi6n on
just and durable peace, he was secretary of The
Hague peace conference in 1907, member of the
reparations " commission and supreme economic
council in 1919, legal adviser for the Polish "plan
of economic stabilization in 1927, American repre
sentative . at the Berlin debt conference in 1933,
counsel to the American commission to negotiate
peace in 1918 and 1919. He is a writer and speaker
on international affairs. "
It is all too evident that extremely difficult ques
tions will have to be resolved when the delegations
of many nations assemble this month. To say that
all will not be smooth sailing is understatement In
deed. Complications growing out of the tentative
agreements reached at Yalta could, of themselves,
blight the San Francisco meeting, America's best
brains, most expert knowledge will be highly es
sential if results of the kind that this nation and the
world must have are to be forthcoming.
Choice of John FotsU-r Dulles is in line with this
need. Bend Bulletin,
The Winnahl
Once again John L. Lewis emerges victor in
his bout with the operators over renewal of the
contract for the mining of coal. Already he had
busted the Little Steel formula as it applied to .
miners; and now he has "(lone it again." He has
won a basic wage of $10 a day for his men
which contrasts with the $5 a day of the famous
Jacksonville agreement back in 1920. The in
crease amounts to $L50 a day. It does noj come
as a direct increase but by working the "fringe,"
as it is called. In this case the overtime is com
puted on each day's time over six hours in
stead of on the weekly basis of overtime after
40 hours. There is little doubt that the agree
ment will be approved by the war labor bdard
and Stabilization Director Davis. These people
didn't have the guts a year ago to face up to
John L. Lewis. All of them wilted but Wayne
Morse. They will have no stomach for renew-
ing a test of strength this year. - K
Lewis was able to prevail by virtue ot his
monopoly of labor. Only skilled labor can mine
coaL Coal is absolutely necessary for industry,
transportation and domestic and other heating. .
By dint of the country's present necessities
Lewis was able to drive his hard bargain. His
demand for 10c a ton royalty was just a fringe
demand of his own that he readily relinquished
when he got the increase he was after. 4 f
This will put the coal price at a point where
it will again suffer from competition of other
fuels, especially oil, when,the war ends. Wheth
er, mechanization of mining can offset the wage
. increase and keep coal competitive will prob
ably depend on other cost factors. Some mines
can operate; others cannot. What may build up
as a result of the increase is future trouble. Un
less the mines can sell their coal above their
costs they will have to shut down. So we may
be merely deferring the showdown until the
war is over. But that is better than having
work stoppage in coal mining now.
As the negotiations close, John Lewis can
look back over his shoulder with a leer at his
arch-foe, FDR, and say, reversing Kipling, "I'm
a better man than you, Gunga Pin."
- j i' '
Jones and Shipsaw ,
The senators are jumping all over Batt of the
war production board and Clayton former as
sistant to Jesse Jones on account of the Ship
saw aluminum plant deal. They are showing
that northwest development was stifled and pri
orities granted to Shipsaw and the money fur
nished by this country to build the power plant
and aluminum plant up in Canada. And our
pay was to come in aluminum at ,17c per pound,
which is higher than the domestic price.
This of course was one of the deals made by
RFC when Jesse Jones was Us boss. Jones was
the great financier whose retirement drew forth
such loud enconiums from senators. . ; Henry
' Wallace talked some about encouraging some of
the heathen to drink milk, but we don't recall
that he helped the aluminum company build a
big plant up in Canada'. Perhaps the difference
comes in who gets the "milk."
. .
'Hard Scrabble Farm
The Literary
GuidepoGt
Br W. O. Stagers
Beachcombers at Seaside found a "new dish
on the table when the ebb tide set their table
one morning this week: cartons of fresh beef in
stead of clams. And it was labeled Armours
and Cudahy, so it wasn't sea cow. Presumably
the meat came from some vessel at sea, though
no wreck in the vicinity had been reported.
There is never any telling, though what the
great ocean will spew on the shore. That's what
makes beachcombing so interesting.
Interpreting
The War News
By KIRKE L. SIMPSON
ASSOCIATED PRESS WAB ANALYST I
Hard charging American Ninth army tanks are
on the Elbe river, last water! barrier on the road
to Berlin a scant 64 miles away.
At Magdeburg, Elbe metropolis. General Simp
son's leading elements also are within 115 miles or
less of the nearest Russian armies poised in mighty
strength on the Oder-Neisse line. The moment for
combined Allied-Russian action to split - Germany
apart appears at hand.
That impending United Nations junction of for
ces in the heart of Nazi Germany is the beginning
of the end. Coupled with, the British drive in the
. northwest already knocking at the gates of Bremen
and Hamburg, it will turn all north central Ger
many into an heroic scale repetition of the Ruhr
trap and shatter last Nazi hopes of any orderly re
treat into the prepared Alpine last stand redoubt
in the south. And it well may be the signal for a
three power proclamation outlawing continued re
sistance in Germany.
Yet American arrival on the Elbe is only part of
the fast developing pattern of an Allied assault
that is slashing inner Germany into mopping-up
areas. The Oder-Neisse Russian front east of Ber
lin is the only inactive sector of the whole vast
front encircling the dying Nazi reich. Even in It
aly, the long forgotten front has flamed to life at
both ends. There is small chance that any of the
score or more German divisions in Italy can escape,
except in fragments, to Alpine passes or ..through
them. "
There is some indication that the Russians on the
Oder-Neisse line have been withholding (heir final
effort to reach Berlin or outflank it to north and
south either until spring thaws diminish or until
Allied forces reach some pre-determined position to
the west where close tactical as well as strategic in
tegration of operations would be possible.
The Elbe In the Magdeburg area would seem to
fill that geographical requirement and if that is true
it will be only hours until the well rested and pow
erful Russian armies strike out to effect a Junction.
Frontline advices report American engineers with
river bridging equipment moving up already on the
heels of tank spearheads. :
The Elbe is Germany's last hope of any protract
ed stand to delay physical dismemberment of the
reich and isolation of Nazi troops in successive
pockets "for annihilation or forced unconditional
surrender.; It has been reached by the Americans
under circumstances that make it utterly improb
able that the foe can muster any semblance of for
midable organized resistance even ther.
"SAN MAE TIN: KNIGHT Of THB
ANDES,- by Kicard Kojas, traaa
xt kr Hmehcl BrtekcU n
Carlos VUela (DvaMeaay, Doraa;
3.50).
This biographer of the liberat
or of Argentina, Peru and Chile
is a welcome addition to our
growing North American litera
ture about South America.
Jose de San Martin was born
In 1778, on Feb. 25, three days
after the birthday of George
Washington, to whom the south
ern hero has been compared. He
died in 1850 in France, for more
than a quarter of a century an
exile from jealousy and hatred
in the lands he had freed.
His parents were Spanish, and
took him back to the mother
country when he was a child. At
13 he enlisted in the Spanish
army, fought in Africa and
France as well as Spain and is
said once to have confronted
Napoleon . . when he cast his
lot with Argentine revolutionar
ies he was consequently a train
ed and proven soldier. In Guay
aquil, in 1822, he met Simon Bol
ivar, .who seems to have been
possessed of ambitions which
the selfless Argentine did not
share. Toward the end of his
life he saw Sarmiento, future
liberal leader of his native country-It.
was a long and monmentous
span, during which the political
ties which bound Latin America
to Catholic Europe were broken,
ts the ties binding North Amer
ica to England had been broken
in 1 the preceding century. San
Martin's role in those historical
events is eulogized. To the usual
fervor of j the fond biographer,
the ardent and worshipful Rojas
adds the romantic j exaggeration
and over-statement which lift
San Martin into the ranks of the
gods; he becomes St. Martin, i
But this is less to be criticzed
than inadequacies of another
sort To SoUth Americans the
background of this story is fa
miliar; for us it ' should have
been filled in, perhaps with a
brief chronology or a historical
summary. Without some such
aids I found the book confusing.
And if I hadn't consulted a map,
though there is none in this vol
ume, I would have been lost In
some places.
British Medic Taken
At Dunkirk in 1940
Tells Fantastic Tale
By Wm GftlUftter
(Subbing for Kenneth 14 Dixon).
- - i
LEMGO, Germany A
British prisoner who recently
was in Danzig, then met the
American advance through the
Hannover plain reported seeing
eight German soldiers hinged in
one group from telephone poles
because they had refused to
fight any more.
The prisoner, taken at Dun
querque in 1940, had a fantastic
escape tale. He was a medic and
had been working four years un
loading coal in East Prussia. He
escaped, fell in with an 3English
speaking German woman with
four children who had relatives
In England. She befriended him
and obtained false Wehrmacht
papers for him which stated that
he was assigned to work for her,
helping to take care of the chil
dren in fleeing from Prussia to
Lage, near Bielefeld. In the
full uniform of a British soldier
he traveled through Danzig to
Lage just in time to meet the
Americans. I I
He said Danzig . Germans
wanted to declare the city open
and let the Russians enter, that
German forces were in confusion
and that many soldiers were
hanged for desertion. He said he
saw many hanged publicly. Both
he and the German woman re
ported seeing a great number of
German troops on the .eastern
front and almost none on the
western front in I the Hannover
area. Hannover, they said, was
a city of the dead, with not a
single factory working 3as a re
sult of American air raids.
The prisoner's story of many
Germans being hanged for de
sertion or being AWOL Was ver
ified by a German soldier at a
Russian prisoner of war "camp
who was a clerk In military
court. He said more Germans
were tried by the court and shot
in recent weeks for deserting
their Jobs than Russians.
"The SS also punished their
families,' he added, i
: near Bielefeld under command
of a fanatical one-armed Nazi
Their total effort did not equal
that of one well-trained soldier.
! American authorities are puzzled
about what to do with such
youths. They don't want to
treat them as regular prisoners,
nor turn them loose.
State legislative Committee
Appointments Near Completion
Committee appointments provided for by resolutions adopted by
the 1945 session of the legislature were virtually completed here to
day, following release of a list of personnel here Wednesday by Senate
President Howard Belton and Eugene Marsh, speaker of the house of
representatives. . - i
Legislative members of the tax
study committee are Sen. Earl T.
Newbry, Medford, and Rep. Giles
French, Moro. This committee will
be tomposed of IS members, most
of whom are to be selected by the
Armored warfare Is hazardous
for liaison officers and those who
must travel on their own, includ
ing correspondents. After the
main body of tanks of a com
bat command pass through, the
Germans often flock back over
roads because armored forces
never bother to mop up. j :
An executive officer, Lt. Col.
Lindsay Herkness of Philadel
phia, Pa started back to divi
sion headquarters the other
night and had his jeep shot out
from under him. He made his
way to a telephone, called his
commanding officer, Col. Sidney
Hids of Nashville, Tenn., and
said: "Sorry, sir, but I have not
enough strength to make the trip
back to the division."
The colonel sent & tank to car
", ry him through.
Court Names I
Budget Group
Lay Members
Lay members of the county
budget committee were named
Wednesday ; by the county court
to meet requirements of a 1 new
state law which requires mem
bers be appointed for three year
terms. To set the newly, designed
machinery in motion the members
this year were given staggered
terms, Ray Glatt, Woodburn, old
est member in service drawing the
one year term, M. G. Gunderson,
Silverton, the two-year term, and
Leo N. Childs, Salem, the three
year term. In the future appoint
ments will be for three-year
terms. - j
: Tuesday and Wednesday, May
22 and 23 were tentatively set as
the dates" for the meeting to fix
the budget for the 1945 fiscal year.
Two items of legislation of the
last legislature will probably
come before the committee, Judge
Grant Murphy said. One of these
provides that the state shall set up
an information service for return
ing Veterans. It also provides that
counties may name a coordinator
to work jointly with the state in
handling local problems. I
The committee will also be con
fronted with the fixing of a sal
ary for a county watermaster. A
watermaster was appointed by the
state engineer following the Ad
judication of water rights on San
tiam river and Mill creek. Irri
gation interests want the county
to assume a $1200 salary for the
new officer, equivalent to about
$200 a month since the job is not
a year round proposition, v
County Judge Grant Murphy
said many counties In the state
pay for only part time service of
a watermaster, using that official
in some Instances on other work.
U U M i V fJ
Hungry slave workers in Ger
many worry American soldiers
more than battle. There are so
many of them and the sight of
gaunt skeletons scrambling for
food shake the Americans. Cpl.
Woodrow H. Harris of Jaspera,
La., and PFC Eugene Ford of
Los Angeles, Calif., both of the
Second armored division, looked
around the cellar of a Wehr
macht training school and found
a good quantity of food. "They
loaded it into a jeep and started
a relief mission of their own.
"You never saw anyone ' so
happy," said Harris. "It made
you feel good."
The second armored division
hit a new record low in German
prisoners when it took an 11-year-old
Hitler youth, s He was
one of the , 200 found fighting
"THE YOUNG IDEA" By Mossier
The best biscuit maker in the
army, PFC Claudie Jackson, 24,
of Dyeisburg, Tennn who cooks
for the Second armored division,
wants no part of cooking in civil
Ian life.
He want" to own a portable
skating rink. f .
In the same kitchen is PFC
George McCerry of Philadelphia,
Pa., who used to cook in his
father's restaurant but spends all
his time washing dishes in the
army and does it by choice.
"No cooking for me," he said.
"There are too damn many com
plaints."
Trylng ta kiss me ea our first date Norbert Smith,- yoe're an
. . . -" old reee!"
Camp Expert
Gives Advice
Members of the Pioneer camp
committee. Cascade area council,
Boy Scouts of America, Wednes
day night were given some expert
assistance for their improvement
program by Ray Bryan of the en
gineering service of the organiza
tion. . Bryan, with headquarters
in New York, is touring western
states.
The meeting Wednesday was
held at Pringle park and was called
by Harry Scott, camp chairman.
Details of the present tamp with
the proposed improvements were
discussed.
: Attending the meeting were Bob
Elstrom, chairman of the Pioneer
improvement committee; A, C.
Haag, Bill Phillips, Lou Amort
and camp chairmen from the four
area district including Donovan
Kelley, Wesley Sherman, O. P.
West and Monte Russell.
(Continued from page 1)
results. They are inclined, and
quite understandingly so, to say,
"Well, if this is where we Want
to go, let us go there. Let this
be the order. Let us get on with
the business of getting out the
goods. Do it this way. ; They
fail to recognize that byr great
historical tradition in America
there has developed in our peo
ple, fortunately, such a love for
freedom that free I men resent
and resist dictation, whether that
dictation comes from men in the
navy or in the military relating
to civilian affairs, or whether
it comes from an administrator in
the executive branch of the gov
ernment Further, I think it
would be most unfortunate if
American management and
American labor were led to be
lieve, if the bill Were passed,
that the - senate of the United
States in passing it accepted the
argument of the military and the
navy that it ought to be passed
in the interest of military I mor-
ale." -'J,
Morse did a neat job of po
litical surgery in laying bare the
distinction between the ! mili
tary mind and method and the
civilian mind and custom! Of
course we all want to get on
with the war. Of course we
want to back our commanders.
But just as we must depend on
our military leaders to plan the
strategy and then to apply it in
the waging of the war, so the
military must yield to the jcivil
ian authority in the government
of civilian matters. It becomes
then the job of the president and
the congress to supply effective
' leadership of the people at home
so their contribution to victory
may be adequate and timely.
The late action of the i army
in ordering cutbacks In produc
tion is good evidence that the
senate was correct in its ap
praisal of needs for manpower
and in rejecting the administration-support
service bill. ;
governor. Purpose of the commit
tee is to conduct a study of Ore
gon's tax structure and submit
report to the 1947 legislature. Cre
ation of this committee was asked
by Governor Earl Snell in bis mes
sage to the legislature. . i .
An appropriation of $20,000 was
authorized by the legislature to
defray the expenses of this com
mittee in conducting its investiga
tion. Te Study Districts M
The committee to investigate
and report on reapportionment of
Oregon legislative districts is com
posed of Senators Marshall Cor
nett, Klamath Falls, and Lew Wal
lace, Portland, and Representa
tives Alex Barry, Portland; E. W.
Kimberling, Prairie City, and Ned
H. Callowayj, Brownsville. ;
The committee on executive ap
pointments, geology and mineral
industries, is comprised of five
senators. They are Lee Patterson
and Irving Rand, both of Portland;
William Walsh, Coos Bay; Rex
Ellis, Pendleton, and Earl Newbry,
Medford. - .
; Other legislative committee ap
pointments: , ! i
Statutory -revision Senators
Irving Rand and Paul Patterson,
Washington county, and Represen
tatives Carl H. Francis, Dayton;
Robert A. Bennett, Portland, and
W. W. Balderee, Grants Pass.
Delinquency Stady '
Child delinquency Senators
Thomas Parkinson, Roseburg, and
Joel C Booth, Lebanon, and Rep
resentatives O. H. Bengston, Med
ford; J. O. Johnson, Portland, and
Paul Hendricks, Salem. .
r Veterans welfare Senators
Lee Patterson, Portland, and Ern
est Fatland, Condon, and Repre
sentatives Harvey Wells. Portland;
Frank J. VanDyke, Ashland, and
C L. Lieuallen, Pendleton.!
Prison investigation Senators
Frank Hilton, Portland, and Fred
erick Lamport, Salem, and Repre
sentatives H. R. Jones, Salem; Pat
Lonergan, Portland, and Jack
Bain, Portland. I
One senator and two representa
tives were named to prepare the
voters pamphlet argument in fa
vor of two bills to go on the bal
lot at the special election June 22.
These! include Dean Walker. Inde
pendence, Giles i French, Moro,
and: W- W. Balderee.
Bills Explained i
One bill proposes a tax to raise
approximately $10,000,000 during
the next two years for construc
tion of new buildings at the state
institutions and at the higher edu
cational plants. Of this amount,
$8,000,000 would be expended by
the state board of control and $4,
000,000 by the state board of high
er education. The tax would be
offset by surplus state income tax
revenues. !
The other measure- proposes a
two cent tax on each' package of
cigarettes sold in Oregon to raise
approximately $2,000,000 annually
for support of the public schools. '
suspension Ureters
Against Stores Stayed
PORTLAND, April ll-G-p)-Sus-
pension orders against four Fred
kMeyer, Inc., stores here were stay
ed today by the OPA until an ap
peal hearing is heard by a na
tional OPA hearing commissioner.
Attorneys for eight Safeway
grocery stores have filed similar
appeals from 30-day business sus
pension orders resulting from sale
of ration goods I for which the
stores accepted expired ration
points.
School Society Meets
To Plan for Work
The Oak Point school society
met at the school house Friday
night Mrs. Ellis Lauderbach and
George Kanuppe iad charge of the
program which consisted of games
and music by the school children.
Mrs. C C Comstock and Mrs.
Grove Peterson Were hostesses.
Mrs. Charles Wilson and Mrs. Z
Battel are on the program com
mittee for the next meeting.
Seven-Day Worki Week
Ordered at Shipyard
PORTLAND, April 11. -(p)- A
seven day work week was order
ed today at Oregon Shipbuilding
corporation yards where Kaiser
officials said the need for com
pleting pontons for army bridges
dictated- the speed up.
; A call for 2500 workers needed
to rush the work on aluminum
pontons was piling up applications
at the labor employment office
but only 800 are on the job today.
The teeth of the wolf agree in
every structural detail with those
of domesticated dogs.
STEVEIIS
I
Exquisitely fashioned dia
mood combination. Blue
white. Perfect ; f
Divided Payments' '
239 Court St.