Sir A ' - -t i ' a J ' Jt The- OIGON STATESMAN, Sclem, Oregon, Saturday Morning, March 17. 1313 page roua i i I Hi if tefion NUNNt - MM . I ft "No Favor Sway Us; No Fear Shall Atoe" From First Statesman, March 28, 185Z THE STATESMAN PUBLISHING COMIY . ; CHARLES A SPRAGUE, Editor and Publisher , ' . .. Member of the Associated Press I v The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to th use for publication of all news dispatches credited to it or not otherwise credited in this newspaper. Churchill on Peace Plans for Britain Over the Peak . f From time to time there: have t been predic tions that when the war in Europe was oyer and effort was c6nfcentrated on the war with Winston Churchill remains the master phrase-maker of the time. He can roll his ora torical periods with a flourish none can excel In this day. His style is characteristic: a fresh ness of diction and sentences cast in a prose rhythm. Speaking as party ledder of the Conservatives at a party conference the prime minister made it clear that he plans to carry on the task of heading the government, even after the war. He turned his thoughts therefore in the direc tion of party policy in shaping the government policy of the post-war period. Recurring as is his wont to the task in hand, Churchill uttered this sentence, which reminds one of phrases in simi lar tone in the house of commons and to, the American congress: The continuous and ever more rapid prog ress of t$e war against Germany and the nazi tyranny leads us all to hope that the giant foe against whom for more than a year we stood alone, unflinching and undismayed, will be forced intp unconditional surrender, or beaten to the ground in chaos or ruin. ' As to postwar plans Churchill plumped strongly for private enterprise, scorning the so cialist program "for nationalizing all the means ' of production, distribution and exchange. He said, again in the old English spirit: We are determined, he said, that the native genius and spirit of adventure, or risk taking in peace as in war shall bear our fortunes for ward in profitable work and trade for our peo ple, and that good and thrifty housekeeping, both national and private, shall sustain our economy. One wouldn't class Churchill as much of a new dealer or a Henry Wallace revamper of enterprise. He said: This ;is no time for windy platitudes. The Conservative" party had far better go 'down tell ing the truth and acting in accordance with the verities of our position than gain a span of shabbily bought office by easy and fickle froth and chatter. ;......, All this will tickle the ears of the conserva tives in Britain and on this side of the water too. But we wonder if Churchill really knows what his own people are up to? The British program of government and business seems to lean heavily on government bossing, on cartels and cradle-to-grave, security. And Labor may take over if Conservatives really become conr servative. - ' ' Senator Wheeler The state senate did honor to one of Its vet eran members, H. C. Wheeler, Wednesday, when it adopted a resolution of appreciation for his long service. Wheeler served in the house from Lane county for three terms, 1919, 1923 and 1925. He is now serving his fourth term in the senate, having entered with the session of 1931. His major service has been on ways and means committee (chairman, 1933) and education, which he has been chairman of for many ses sionsrFirm in his convictions Wheeler has been one of the stalwarts of the senate, and his quiet manner has won him many friends in and out of the legislature. ; Before coming down for this session Senator Wheeler told his constituents that this would be his last term. In his 81st year he can retire from the stir and turmoil of legislative sessions and relax at his home in the beautiful Pleasant Hill section of Lane county, one of the oldest settled districts of the upper valley. He has earned an honorable retirement. How Come? i ; Our state department has gotten around to in quiring "How come?' with respect to the coup in Romania, by which Premier Radescu was ousted and "previously little-known Petru Groza was installed as his successor. If our country or Britain had been permitted to have news correspondents in Romania we would have had the facts. They are excluded. All our news comes through the Moscow filter and that fil ter is still red.; ; Editorial Comment FEDEKAL AID FOE SCHOOLS In the Oregon legislature, the enactment of an augmented plan of state aid for public schools is apparently near. : We have discussed such plans before now. We would now like to discuss a plan for federal aid for schools which has been placed , before the national congress. , In some respects this plan is similar to the state plan, for where the state plan would aid school districts, the federal plan would aid states. Each would get the money from the general fund, which means that almost any sort of tax might eventually . contribute to the expense. '.Neither program of as sistance would take into consideration the amount of money that taxpayers of a district had paid Into the state treasury or that taxpayers of the state had paid into the federal treasury. The state would distribute its largess on the basis of child popula tion; the federal government would shower its bless ings on states in which relatively insufficient pro : vision had been made for education. There would ' be drought for those states where conditions were relatively good. v ' Not that the drought would be apparent. It would - not be discerned at alL It would merely seem to the delighted educators that more money was com ing their way. No indication that this money was costing anyone anything or at least no indication that the money was costing the recipients anything. The illusion is a common one when disbursements are nude from pooled resources. . . . But here is the way it would actually work. There would be $300,000,000 to distribute. Of this, Oregon would receive $1,891,478. Toward the $300, 000,000, Oregon taxpayers would contribute $3, 242.000. ' . Yes, Oregon would be one of the donor states. You see, conditions are not so bad in Oregon after all. Our Pacific coast states are three of the 17 which would pay more tharr they would receive. Maybe it would be better for Oregon to run its own affairs. By the same token, maybe it would be better for the districts of Oregon to run their own affairs.'- "-' V The federal measures to which we have referred are S. 181 and H.R. 12S5. Like proposals have been before the national legislature in its past four ses , sicr.3. Eer.i Bulletin. ' ----- Japan, the pressures on this coast would grow heavier. There wasteven a warning to Jrortiana to expect a big inflttk of population to take care of the huge volum J of shipping. The States man! has been 'quite; skeptical about these pre dictions and alarms It seemed clear that both the railroads and the ports were handling about all the traffic they lould. It also seemed rea sonable to expect pat when the pressure of supplying Europe's twr wa off the east the facilities of rail anf ports there, would be di verted to help with: the Pacific war, using jthe Panama canal for shipping. ? i This is 'what is (transpiring. - Vice Admiral Vickery of the maritime commission said Thurs day that large suppl shipments destined f for the war in the orieftt were being moved out' of east coast and gulf ; ports "because west coast ports have not the capacity to accommodate the shipping." Also, he added, failroads could not possibly move all the: supplies overland. The fact is that our bases in the far east are getting well stocked now foil big-scale war op erations. Huge dumps have been established on island bases. There will be increases when the European war ends because of the desire to finish up the job as quickly as possible. But the port of the Gujf of Mexico and of the At lantic' coast will' participate in this business. There will be no shrply mointing peak of traf fic or of work on tljiis coast;! ;J In this same interview Admiral Vickery dis closed that the merchant shipbuilding program for the war will be pretty -well concluded in 1945. Many yards'; will convert to ship repair, but the big job oH; laying down hulls will; be completed. Already the employment peak! has been passed. Now there ate 170,000 fewer ship yard workers than a year ago. Clearly the bloom will be off he boom bjr the year's end. l . 3 I - . J - Dhtrtbata by Kin Vaatvrw Syxlhmta ky arrant wKh Tfca Waahinstoa Stay Not Many More Bridges Left to Burn Behind Him News Behind the News f: By jPAUL MALLON : j (Distribution by King Features Syndicate, Inc. Reproduction in whole for in part strictly prohibited.) F "I .! New Hampshire There was something gripping about the re port that the citizens of New Hampshire meet ing in special towi meetings, expressed them selves on the question of approval or disappro val of the plan developed at Dumbarton Oaks. These New Hampshire folk'can make no final decision. That rests with the people of all 48 states acting through; theijfchosen representa tives. But the people of this old New England state felt the matter was important enough for them to pas! on b. formal voting. So in town halls all over the ftate, from busy, navy-yard-city Portsmouth tothe snow-bound hamlets up in the White mountains, the citizens turned jifut to discuss and to vj)te. The meetings were pre ceded by an active campaign of education too, as seems quite appropriate Ho a New England state with its traditions of ; education and de mocracy. The votie--it was- overwhelmingly: in favor of the Dumbarton Oaks program. But the result is incidental td the unique event of holdv ing over 200 town meetings on one day to dis-'" cuss and vote on a question pf national concern! -Citizens of New Hampshire do not propose to shirk their civic duties and; "pass the buck''; to "them guys" down in Washington. ' mn Interpreting it? 3 ! The War News By KUtKE L. SIMPSON ASSOdATETJ PRESS WAK ANALYST There are broad intimations from the west "front that American Third army tanks are on the loose again, ripping their; way up the left bank of the Rhine, in Germany Ws they race through France to & was start the Nazi retreat to fortified German frontiers. One armored unfit Was reported virtually half way to the Bingen bend, of the river above Coblenz. Air scouts spotted German convoys streaming east ward out of the Saar basin to escape entrapment. And a wide and deep gain by American Seventh army comrades coming to grips with the last seg ment of the once boasted Nazi westwall defense sys tem still in German hands tended to verify the im pression that an enemy collapse in the Saarland was impending. ;. ff ji The significance tof the Third army push up the Rhine toward Bingen is two-fold. Main communi cation lines serving all the northern half of ;the Saarland converge in the vicinity ofBingen.! If they are reached by American troops before ! sub stantial Nazi forces, still deployed in the northern half of the great industrial basin, Germany's , lit tle Ruhr," make good their escape . beyond!; the Rhine, another heavy bag of prisoners could result Bingen also stands, however, at the northwestern corner of a broad plain lying along the west bank of the Rhine from -that point to the Karlsruhe cor ner. ; That plain apparently offers General Patton's seasoned tankers the best terrain they have had since they stormed' across France. There are no natural obstacles West of the Rhine to bar their surge southward perhaps to effect a junction with, the Seventh army, in the Karlsruhe-Haguenau e glon to the south, dosing a huge trap on probably tens of thousands of Nazi troops. ' Nazi commentators admit that the Third' army break through southward over the Moselle i has placed such German industrial centers as 'Frank f urt-on-Main, Darmstadt, Mannheim and Karlsruhe , in jeopardy. All of them lie east of the Rhine but the danger of encirclement west of the river of a substantial part off te troops relied upon by the Germans to guard that all-important stretch of the river is very reaU If the looming American trap on the west bank is closed it could leave the whole wide stretch of the Rhine from Coblenz to Karls- ruhe virtually unprotected.- . ;':r.:: - : The importance i6f that cannot be over estimated. . It is the Coblenz-Karlsruhe span of the Rhine that : guards the best military approaches to the great central plain of Germany into which refugees from east and west have been pouring. A crossing of the river anywhere between Bingen and Karlsruhe -would expose such cities as Nurnberg and even' Munchean (Munich), Nazidom's birthplace, to early attack. -- t - The squeeze attack on the Saar basin holds glow ing possibilities of shortening the period of German organized resistance materially. It is bringing pow erful American armies jlirectly into that portion of Germany they have been assigned for occupation ' under Yalta agreements between the United States, -Britain and Russia; , .- . " j ;- WASHINGTON, March 15 "Mr. Roosevelt's rebuff by con gress on the draft-for-work bill is growing complete and overwhelming. Only one new deal sena tor :just one s u p p orted him (maybe of South Caroli na) on ithe cru cial test vote, unless you count Leader J Paul Halloa Barkley, whose job requries him to lead in whatever direction pointed, i j i . Such ardent Rooseveltian sup porters : as Guff ty and j Pepper ran to "the mild voluntary man power I substitute which every one agrees is not much of a manpower plan. Around the senate,; it has been said Guff ey, Pepper, et al preferred the CIO to the president when the show down came, although this obser vation contains ': some political i oversimplification. Even the house eased down in the vote Wednesday to an ex tent making quite apparent the futility of the president's stand 1 for a compulsory draft of work- -er- 1; ' I j. f . I How did it happen to stand with him In the' first place and pass the stronger May-Bailey bill? Well, the bill was promoted by the house military affairs committee which will do what ever the army wants ordinarily! It was rammed through the house because our army was not yet out of the hole caused by the German break-through, and Speaker Rayburh made support of the war department in this matter an issue of emotional prestige for the president : who then absent abroad. Even then Rayburn had only a 10 -man margin for compulsion against one of the substitute plans. . It is quite clear now ' that the house is caving in and in any1 event Mr.' Roosevelt cannot get a labor draft in any form; fur thermore, he must take approxi mately the weak senate plan or nothing. vf .:- ; .-J; . y ; To attribute his defeat to the CIO, however, lis .ridiculous. I. believe the primary : cause was this: i ::!.: j ,: The- army admittedly made a mistake when it expected the end of the war last year and began; retrenching on) produc tion. In dismay it went to the opposite extreme and since then has been working -on the! offi cially announced basis that the .war will never be over, and is constantly expanding its de mands, (recently steel, alumi num, zinc, etc.) j j J At least they are following this ' policy in general, although I hear some private talk of in dividual and secret cutbacks be ginning in certain lines, Which they donot want made public. But the average congressman Is convinced the war: in Europe should be over, between April IS "and June 30. Manpowerer McNutt dutifully testified for the boss (the president has done all he could to win this fight for the army and himself) that there would be no retrenchment on V-E day, but everyone ex pects it must come the day after, in a great many lines at least Furthermore, the , president, army, 'McNutt and others j failed to make out a case of a national' crisis on labor, warranting such a drastic departure from demo cratic processes. There are sup posed to be some 87,000,000 peo ple working now. No official ev er claimed the shortage was more than 170,000 to 200,000 'workers. ; I . j And there were many answers offered to those figures! The shortages were in sub-standard wage industries, in certain lo calities, in special industries. Probably a-jcreater deterrent to war production was the union and money conditions. Unions fixed quotas in many war 'plants, limiting production.' W 0 rkers who could make big money, all they could spend, working four or five days a week, just) would not work longer. - J Tne Mead committee got this -evidence out of its Detroit in vestigation, if any evidence of such an obvious general con dition was needed. Yet we ; are supplying the world. ' I think a fair, objective ver dict on the months of fdebate and conflicting .evidence j would hold that the manpower short age 1 was limited and . that' the. condition did not come anywhere near Justifying a draft f 4 Not even the prestige and, un paralleled power of the- presi dent could overcome these facts and they could not ; be entirely obliterated by the official great administration publicity j cam-" paign. Indeed the only effective argument for the bill was that the president wanted it because he thought it would be popular with the soldiers, but that did not go in the senate, and is now - falling in the house. '; : ' ; j I wish I could report this as a great triumph for democratic processes a victory for the vol tintary way over the compulsory direction of citizens as j the masses but that is the effect rather than the cause. DTP 0330000 nrmrs "THE YOUNG IDEA" By Mossier (Continued from page 1) future of government finance, for Wall street (the market-place) is quite cold-blooded when . it invests its money. If it had its doubts the offerings would be in greater volume than purchases, with resulting price declines.' j What does this mean for fu ture bond marketings? That is . fwhat the bond men and bank ers are wondering.-! Don't be surprised if ' interest rates ! are hot shaved on issues of the sev enth war loan, due to come up in May. Great Britain last No vember discounted offering 2s of 195254 and offered Instead jltts of 1950. It. will not be" sur prising if our treasury doesn't either lower the rate or lengthen 'the term at the old rate.' Thus the ten-year. twos' might be suc ceeded by 15-year 2s; or the 2i ' 'might be-replaced with 2s of the same maturity, i - - There is a great amount of trading in government bonds, es pecially by financial houses. jThey have been able to make neat profits on the rise. Here-w jtofore the popular medium has; been the 2s,. because of their: jshorterinaturity. But with the I shift now of popular favor to I longer term issues because of the I belief that interest rates will con- ..tinue to decline the 2s are mov- 1 ing up. Considering their more distant maturity tneir increase should continue farther than the 2s which face an earlier matur ity and still earlier call date. Don't get excited Just because your bonds of these; issues have ' gone up in price, and rush down and sell them. If the issues of the seventh war loan are offered with lower coupon rates, men the older issues are apt to move ahead still, more. It should be comforting to holders of govern ment bonds, however, to realize that they can sell at a profit if they want to. That ought to help in the promotion of the next war loan. !- j ! ill ' ill lM : t. O t ! i S5? - Hi ! !' V V i-'n'-T N v W gill I . II1 Jk. .A Cm. I HI Vf IWM FMta $r4ta, to. f T-ll 1 The Literary GuidopoDt By W. G. Roger "I know, bat theyTl take showers after the game, before Ihej . AT THE FROin'! Pappy Wanted to So What Thlsv j War Was like j -.- ..i' i.. ' ' By Lewis Hawkins (Substituting f or . Kenneth .. L I ! Dixon) - ' WITH lth U. S. ARMORED DIVISION t- (Jt) - Forty-eight-year-old Sgt Robert R. John son may be a bit out of touch with his 12 other children, but he's having no trouble, keeping an eye on his 21-year-old son James." PFC. James Johnson has Just ; moved into ;, the reconnaissance troop as a( gunner in the light Uix which his father commands. camnkyr , leather-tough r;- Sgt Johnson obviously T is happy to have his son fighting beside him, but with the conservatism of a Hoosierifarmer the family place is near Oreencastle, Ind.he goes slow on; predictions. ; " I thnk Jthe .boy will make a good gunner, but I wont know for sure until we get into ac tion," said I the senior Johnson. "After ill, he's been in an anti aircraft: outfit and their weapons are different from chu; ' ; If the youngster is nearly as good as his father, officers of the trdop f will be well satis fied. Lt Larry E. Reynolds, of Sappington Mo, summed up- the general1 sentiment pretty well by saying, fTappy Is one of the best men in our! outfit He's a better man physically than most men half his age, and apparently he doesn't .know what fear is.- "At Ration I saw himyclimb out of the j turret of his tank in a regular torm of artillery fire and man liis 50-caliber" machine while ; practically every other tank buttoned up." I Pappy ihat's his name to all ranks is a long way from lo quacious and when asked why, at his age,; he left his big family and little farm'to return to war, he declared, "I guess -I just wanted to bee what this one was like.- . .. ' Now that he's seen, ' in several sharp actions, he: declines to compafe Mj with the first World war. He served 19 months then with the 26th marine regiment attached to the Second Infantry division, fighting in Alsace and at Chateau Thierry. But he's prOundj that he's able to say, "I've stood, up to this one just as good as I did to the other one? I haven't been sick a single day in the army and I still can march or ride as long as any of these kids." j ' - ' - Johnson was born at Speed, Ind., and jboth his parents are still living near Mooresville, Ind, where bis father, Harry ' Johnson, continues active farm ing at j70 years. " Reared at Speed and in Edin burg, find, Johnson served a .- second hitch with the marines in . Haiti from 4919 to 1922, before . marrying Verniece Harris of mchmondj Ind, in 1823. After several years as. a sheet .metal worker in! an Indianapolis auto plant, j he started farming near Greencastje. '. After war came again, says Johnson, my wife and I talked it over and while she didn't want me to go at first I finally convinced jher that I should. We both thought the war would last only a short time and I sort of convinced) her it would 'be sort of a vacation for me and I prob ably wouldn't be away more than a year orjso. .-". 'y y' . "That was in June, 1942. I've no regrets that I enlisted again and I i refused one chance to get out after it was decided to re lease men over 28, but I do think I'd like to go back home after the war is finished oyer here. I don't think I want to go to the Pacific." j ' n - - Johnson tried to re-enlist in the marines but was told, he could expect only noncombatant duty as an instructor, so he went in : the-army4 : , Johnson's. 14 children eight boys and six girls range in age from 12 months to 21 years. Ten are underi 18 and live with their ; mother lnr Oreencastle. 4f Uncle Sam's allowances for this sizeable brood probably makej Papy one of the army's highest paid sergeants. Area's Tres L. Juds6n?s Subject j Lewis Judson spoke to the Hol lywood Lions club Wednesday noon "on the History of the Trees of Salem and the Willam ette Valley." t -y The Indians werej masters of forest tending, and controlled the growth of the firs and oaks by burning certain areas each year, he said, but so sure were they of weather conditions that they ne ver allowed the fires to harm their large fir groves, j ? j Several such fir (groves still stand, and the large) fir trees of Salem -are of such a grove, the camp site of ihej Chemeketa In dian village! Maple were the only natvie trees 'for "shade and long lines of them may be seen In most of the valley towns, jsaid Judson. Some notable trees are a wal nut planted by Sr. j'Willson, the black locusts at the old horse stage station at Belle Passi, the walnut at Church j and Court streets on the old Breyman place, the Redwood onj Summer street brought from California by Judge William Waldo, and the large fir on the southwest corner of the Bush school grounds, one time camp ground of an Indian known as 01d Quinabyl "I ; .t On the Bush property just west of the barn is one of; the only re maining uncut groVes of oaks. ust as it was before the coming of the white men. - Judson said that sentiment was responsible for the Introduction of many kinds of : 1 trees and also other plants, by th(jse who left their , homes in the least for the long journey to the Oregon coun try. Included among sueh trees. are our poplars, butternut, locust. walnut and many more. The "Mission ; Rose" is a good example, of plants to which senti ment is attached. A slip of that rose was given to newly-married couples for their new home, and received its name because given by Alonson Beers to Jason Lee ' and his wife. . t By W. G. Rogers -REPOKT ON TBS KOS81ANS ky W. Em WhlU (Hareaart. Braoca; A condensation of this White paper on Russia by the author of 1 the excellent "They Were Ex pendable" appeared recently in a magazine and was criticized heatedly. . I" r In the introduction to the book White admits there were some errors. "Some of these mis- -takes were favorable to the Rus- -sians," he writes; ? "some were unfavorable and these last of course I regret" He gives the - Russians their due, in passing. Stalin is "a . great man;" Russian : artillery, . "excellent fy the red ; army, "good." The soviet union han dles the race problem intelli gently. All the youths are at war. The Russians don't have enough fruit and vegetables. But he has more fault to find than praise to bestow. From the very first page, where he notes a soviet vice-consul's "creaky schoolboy English to the last paragraph, he voices suspicion of - and s complaints about the Russians. ; -:' y- - r The bulk of his book, written after! a trip with Erie Johnston and interpreters, is composed of findings like these: Russia is run by "combination city manager-Little Caesar types." The country Is like penitentiary. The army is as be draggled j as ' the - "Mexican' army. There are few paved high' ways. Stalingrad is only a little place compared to London. The factories are dirty. The Moskva hotel is like- a barn. Wash basin drams dont drain. To continue: Red diplomats don't smile; they wear badly cut suits! of I shoddy material. The representative of the commissar' lai wnicn was oixiciai Host re minded him of a pail of cold lardi The. women have bad com plexions4 The actresses have gold for stainless-steel teeth. . Does I he find nothing to arouse bis enthusiasm? Yes. He admires I very much some old palaces cf the czars, various ar cniuictunu, zeatures - - in p re- soviet villages, ' and the Bolshoi ballet . 4 . which as he explains is a hold-over from p re-re vo- lutianary days. . Scholaretiip Offered Legion j - j t Any son of a deceased veteraa of World, war I pr World war II who la actually In need of finan cial assistance to jcontinue his education, is eligible for one of the ten national commander schol arships to be provided this year In the United SUtes br the Ameri can Legion, ofdeeri of Capital post No. 9 said erej Friday. o iimiution, maximum or minimum, is placed on the age of the beneficiary ; of a scholarship. It may be awarded to high school graduates, or to college or uni versity students pt any stage of a regular course, without regard to age of the applicant! Application by any son of a deceased veteran, regardless of whether or not Stho ! 1ttM member of the American Legion,1 may be mailed E to Edgar Smith, department - director of education of orphans of veterans, the Ame rican Legion, 354 Pittock Block, Portland 5. Namel date, and cause of deathf of the veteran should be given with the appli cation. ; -i ).- pp'l''Sv''.jl'S' 1 sSJ 9U ' IS JEWELRY' GIVING TIME 1 A Gift From Stevens 7 7 . A COLD CROSS aad CHAIN IIER mm RLC Terms Gladly f Arranged I m' v kllL