PAGE FOUR
ffce OREGON STATESMAN. Satan. Oregon, Tuesday Morning, March 13. 1S43
rej&ott
"No Favor Swayt V$; No Fear Shall A we
rrom First Statesman, March 23, 1831
THE STATESMAN PUBLISHING COMPANY fr
CHARLES A. SPRAGUE, Editor and Publisher .3
Member of the Associated Press i U '
The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for publication of all
news dispatches credited to It or not otherwise credited in this newspaper.
Transferred Transylvania
The impotence of the smaller nations was
shown again when it was reported over the
week-end that , Marshal Stalin ' of Russia in-
formed tne new premier r-eiru uroza i Ru
mania taht 17,400 square miles of northern
Transylvania was being returned from Hungary
to Romania. The population of 2,500,000 had
nothing to say about it: in fact they have never
had much to say about who should rule them.
f X CLX fc V liUilgOl J fcVV- mm - -----
' garian monarchy, Transylvania was given to
Romania after the first world war, when the old
Austro-Hungarian empire was being broken up
and when Romania wanted reward for having
sided with the western allies.
In 1940 Hitler, the new boss of Europe, gave
northern Transylvania to Hungary as reward
to Hungary for its easycompliance with nazi
demands. Now Hitler is Europe's bum and
Stalin is boss in eastern Europe. Hungary and
Romania go "thumbs up" or "thumbs down" as
Stalin tells them. The transfer may be quite
just; the significant thing is that neither Hun
gary nor Romania seems able to act on its own
but must await the favor of some greater
power. It shows how, as a practical matter, the
small nations are dependent on some powerful
patron.
An interesting sidelight on the situation is
the fact that soviet newspapers, hailing the
transfer as proof of Russia's faith in the new
regime of Premier Groza, declared that sabotage
and terrorism in the province under the recent
government of Premier Nicolae Radescu had
made it impossible to restore the province earli
er. Radescu has been out of office only a week
and it hardly seems that Groza could have ac
complished such reforms in Transylvania in so
short a time. Could the disorders have been
inspired from the outside on purpose to upset
Radescu?
Premier Groza promises to "look after the
rights of nationalities living there, being guided
by the principles of democracy, equality and
justice for the entire population." That is a
M' a "CTT211 1A. - - A A 1
ime prospectus niu xic carry n ouu Ana wax
he be permitted to carry it out?
Two Measures in Senate
Action of the senate Monday in approving
the house bill to tax premium income of domes
tic as well as foreign insurance companies saves
to the state the sum of $2,000,000 per biennium.
Previously only out - state " companies were
taxed, but a federal ruling forbade the contin
uance of the discrimination. The Oregon com
panies of which the DrinciDal ones are Oregon
Mutual Life, Oregon Mutual Fire and Oregon
Automobile Insurance co. volunteered to submit
to state taxation so the state would not suffer
this great a loss of revenue. It was found that
a rate of two per cent instead of the former two
and one-quarter per cent was adequate. The
bill has passed both houses and will be signed
by the governor without much doubt. While
the local insurance companies enjoyed this free
dom from tat tnr fnr mjinv vsan. fViv ws
loyal to the state and were willing to yield their
exemption so as to save this income to the state.
Saturday the senate killed by a tie vote the
bill to permit clubs to dispense liquor on a
script system. While some of the established
lodges urged passage of the bill, behind it also
was an element which saw the chance to set up
clubs that would become veal drinking saloons
without the regulation or scrutiny of the old
drinking places. This liberalization of the Knox
law had been strongly opposed by past liquor
commissions and the senate committee on alco
holic traffic was unanimously opposed. Never
theless friends of the bill got 16 votes to reject
the report and place the bill on the calendar.
On the final vote Senator Fred S. Lamport, con
vinced that the bill would open the way to
worse conditions, joined the 14 who had sup
ported the committee's report, so the bill was
defeated. It was a real victory for the control
principle and Senator Lamport deserves com
mendation for his courage in changing his vote
said thus defeating the attempt to loosen liquor
control 'in the state. "
- - " '
Editorial Comment
THE TEACHEK SHORTAGE
Lillian Van Loan, director of placement for the
Oregon State Teachers association, has written an
illuminating article in the February Oregon Jour
nal in which, after showing the acute shortage in
Oregon, she produces the evidence to show that the
teacher shortage is a national problem. From her
survey- she finds that Oregon needs 417 teachers
right now and will need 1637 in the falL But. an
inquiry sent to all states brought answers that show
other states are in a similar, predicament. Some
states are worse off than Oregon.
The teacher shortage In some respects she finds
is a blessing in disguise, although those are not her
words. The blessing is that the shortage Is bringing
educational problems to public attention and con
sideration. It is resulting in some work being done
to offset the inadequacy of teacher preparation and
: the improvement not only of the teachers' status but
of their preparation. Illinois has issued 2800 emer
gency certificates and Pennsylvania has 4000 such
teachers, a patent that some of the teaching in that
state is low in the scale of preparation.
In brief there seems to be no state from which
any other states can now attract teachers except on
a basis of salaries paid. . In Montana it is expected
60 per cent of the teachers now educating the young
people will drop out after the war. Many "who are
eligible for retirement are still teaching. ," ! -
Mrs. Van Lcanjcites the "gains'' thus far accru
ing for the teacher shortage as pointed out by Art
ton Thompson, acting director of the bureau of rec
ommendations at the University of Minnesota. Be
sides salary increase these gains include better
teacher morale with better public appreciation of
the work, teaching ' combinations Improved,, more
democratic school administration, fewer one-room
schools, less emphasis on age and greater public re
spect tor tne teacner as an individual urezon i,iry
.Enterprise. , . . . . .... -
War Weariness - I
An Associated Press dispatch from Washing
ton says that authorities there are apprehensive
over the attitude of the public as the war in Eu
rope approaches an end. The military leaders
fear that a kind of war weariness wiir set in af
ter the first outburst of joy over victory oer
Germany, that the people at home will explct'
an early demobilization of troops in Europe, and
may be disposed to drop ar production id
hurry into production for civilian needs. ?
Somehow we grow tired of Washington's fears
about the people of the country. The "authof i
ties" in Washington have guessed wrong about
the public mind right along, First they feared
"complacency" but the record shows that fhe
public has met virtually every call. Then they
have feared how the public might react to bad
war news.- Now they dread the end of the War
in Europe lest the people drop their war tobls
and go on a prolonged .'celebration. The "au
thorities" are dead wrong. ; The people of he
United States are determined to see the wars,
both wars, through to the end. If anything trey
are more bitter against Japan than German
they haven't forgotten Pearl Harbor and Efa
taan. Workers in war industry are not going! to
drop their tools immediately after V-E day;
most of them will want to hang on to good-paying
jobs. . ' -J . . . I '.
There is no need for Washington to condition
the minds of the people. The people readdlhe
'papers and follow the war.news and expect, to
continue ot make sacrifices Until V-J day. And
they do not need to be wet-nursed as to tifeir
thinking by Washington "authorities.' As tar
as war weariness is concerned, why the Ameri
can people are just getting their muscles! in
good shape. - "1
Vote-Trading
Trading votes in
ing days is as yisib
loting as though it
I
the legislature in these clos-
e in some of the recent bal-
was announced on the floor.
There is no other way. to explain some of the
votes which members have cast. They may? be
able to explain things away to the satisfaction
of their constituents, few of whom track down
just how a member votes anyway. But how
they can live with their own consciences after
some of the deals ! they have made, is known
only to themselves. Even : God would have a
hard time figuring jthat out, I
!
The state makes a profit on liquor sales. j It
shares in pari mutuel betting and gets license
money from pinball machines. Now a cigaret
tax is proposed to help! finance the schools
which are required to teach the harmful effects
of stimulants and narcotics. Only one mjor
vice remains "untapped" by the state for rejve
nues; but give the state time, give it time! i
Interpreting J
The War News I
By KIRKE L. SIMPSON J '
i ASSOCIATED; PRESS WAR ANALYST
j m - ..... g
German reaction to the surprise breaching of the
Rhine defense moat at Remagen by American for
ces has been on too restricted a scale thus far to in
dicate enemy plans for dealing with the situation.
No sizeable counterattack nor even a concentration
of depleted Nazi air power has been reported since
the first American patrols reached the east bank.
(-That might be due in part to desire of Nazi fonv
manders to await clearer evidence- than is yet avail
able as to just how; and in , which direction Allied
leadership would attempt to -exploit what certainly
was an unexpected success. For the first three
daysaf ter the east bank lodgement was gamed,
First army efforts appeared aimed more at widen- .
Jing the bridgehead than at .deepening it Pressure
seemed greater northward;; upriver, also, fhan
southward although more favorable terrain for ex
panding the bridgehead liesdownriver..
In any event, Nazi sensitivity to the extreme
north flank of the line along jthe Rhine is obviously
unrelaxed. It is in that arejTfrom Wesei to Einme
rich or Arnhem Berlin broadcasts now locate' the
missing British Second- army, unmentienedf for
many days in j Allied official reports or field! dis
pitches. ; .. j , " ' , . - '
Nazi commentators say J a tremendous Allied
build-up for new Rhine crossings in the north Is in
progress,- which may be true. The flat, fopen
ground of the Hanovarian plain east of the lower
Rhine offers better prospects of maneuver warfare
than the hilly, largely wooded terrain back of the
Coblenz-Cologne stretch of the river. With thefodds
in numbers, motorized equipment and particularly
in air all in Eisenhower's favor, maneuvers to cpme
to grips with and destroy German armies ht the
field must be a prime Eisenhower objective, j
It is likely, therefore, that the German command ;
is unwilling to pull "heavy forces out of the line in
the north to meet the Remagen bridge threat mtil
convinced that the Allied success there has brought
about a complete revision of previous plans.! An
even more dangerous situation could result from an
Allied crossing of the Rhine in the north where no
. natural obstacles exist to help contain it tha has
yet developed from American seizure of the Re-
magen bridge. ' , . . j ,
That bridge is too vulnerable to sustain securely
a. powerful striking force c the east bank. Judged
by field reports, the first immediate need after Its
. seizure was to rush sufficient troops and guns over
to widen the east bank footing up and down stream
in order that numerous other means of crossing the
"river by boat or by pontoon bridges could be es
tablished to supplement the bridge. . ,
Nazi reports credit the first army with having
put up to two divisions east of the Rhine ik the
first three days. That would imply a total o any
where up to 40,000 men with auxiliary elements.
It would take much greater forces both to Secure
and consolidate a bridgehead now substantially a
dozen miles wide and three to four miles deep and
also to furnish ample striking power for strategic
exploitation of the; unexpected opportunity, j .
. If Nazi military commentators are to be taken at
face value, however, General Eisenhower, Respite
the Remagen crossing which changed the whole tac
tical and strategic picture on the Rhine overnight,
has not yet abandoned his, original plans tot forc-
.int ititt rtyer in the mouthy ... .....-.,,.
.V LATER.
S . j i .
mm .
wj mCTim mam n naMwtn
Ont of the Frying Pan
Tho Literary
Guidepost
By W. Q. Kegers
"POBT PHYSICIANS - by Mary L
MeDenonsh (Charles G. Thomas; S5) .
This "anthology of medical poet
ry written by physicians" is a
curious and unexpectedly inter
esting "compilation. Doctors, it
seems, though scientists, have
souls, and more than 100 of them
have been bared by Mrs. Me
Donough, wife of Capt Stephen
J. McDonough, AP science writ
er now on leave. " ' f
Some physicians put perscrip
tions In rhyme so they could be
memorized easily; others, per
haps tired- of ailing, bodies,
sought relief in poetry. Their
subjects include ''Dissecting
Room,' "Paranoia,' "Tuberculo
sis," "Before A. Corpse," "The
Way to have Handsome child
ren." . f
It is to be hoped that some
were better doctors than they
are poets. But some could not
possibly have matched in. medi- ,
cine their poetical achievements.
Among them Oliver Goldsmith,
Oliver Wendell Holmes, Francis
Thompson, Keats, Smollet and,
among : contemporaries, William
Carlos Williams. -- f
Tk BEDSIDE TALES," iatr4ac
tiea by Peter Arae (WlUUm Ttmn;
S1JS).
There are 54 stories in this
omnibus. Those you will remem
ber, or ought to, include Sher
wood Anderson's "I Want to
Know Why," Ring Lardner's
"The Love Nest," John Stein
beck's "The Murder," William
Faulkner's "A Rose for Emily."
There are selections; for fun,
for shivers and for sex, with sex
predominating. As "Peter Arno
says, "There are nights when
you want to go to bed with a
book." ;
"THE COMPLETE WORKS OF WIL
LIAM SHAKESPEARE" (BUMstoa;
S3J5,
This is Shakespeare in 1500
pages, a type easy on the eye,
two columns to the 'page with
the Temple notes, glossary, in
dices and a synopsis of every
.play; ornamental and handy.
"THE SELECTED WORK OF TOM
PAINE,' edited by Howird past
DaeU, Sloaa Pearce; SUS).
Paine was a "good and a great
man," Fast declares, and proves
it with this collection of "Com
mon Sense," "The Crisis Pap-'
ers," "Rights of 'Man," The
Age of Reason." In these times
when we are reassessing democ
racy, Paine's brave and brilliant
definitions should be familiar to
us all.
News Behind the News
By jpAUL MALLON
(Distribution by King Features Syndicate, Inc. Reproduction in whole
or in part strictly prohibited.) L
WASHINGTON, March jlO.
Mr. ' Roosevelt? reorganization
for the coming fourth (?) new
deal has developed into a mere
shift of name plates on! office
doors. ; :
Not a single fresh figure has
in the hands of a patent attor
ney who has made a career of
coordination and labor concilia
tion, William H. Davis.
The union chiefs were glad to
get rid of Vinson. In RFC he
cannot, block their wage increase
been brought in. Only one of the - plans. They think Davis ' will
long familiar
faces has disap
peared the
mobile counte
nance of the
banker Jesse
Jones (now re
ported in the
market for a
Washington or
other newspap
er in which to
express 'his
ideals and wounded feelings.)
The un-announced part j of the
shakeup .has definitely brought
the Tammany-schooled ward boss
Edward Joseph Flynn to the
president's right hand in place of
Harry Hopkins. After the Malta-Yalta-Livadia
confab, Hopkins
went back to the hospital and
Flynn went to Moscow for more
detailed negotiations with the
Russians in the namexf the pres
ident . . j
Flynn was only an assembly
man, sheriff and city chamber-
follow the same conciliatory lab
or course as stabilizer he follow
ed in the war labor board.
As a matter of fad; he will do
whatever Mr. Roosevelt wants.
He will up, down or hold as
orders come from ! the White
House, for he is essentially a
Roosevelt man. I
He has lately acquired some
political finesse, is regarded in
the inner circle "brilliant,"
and is ambitious.; His name will
become better known.
In his old place at the i head
of the war labor board, Dr.
George W. Taylor, a young col
lege professor, (labor, economics,
etc.) will follow the established
DaVis-Roosevelt line. He gen
erally voted with Davis, who in
variably followed; the president's
purposes. All these moves were recom
mended to the president by the
generalissimo of domestic affairs,
James F. Byrnes. He go Speaker
lain around New York ! before Rayburn, Vice President Truman
Mr. Roosevelt, while governor,
appointed him state secretary of
state, and eventually raised him
to chairman of the democratic
national committee for the third
term election. , I
Now apparently he is to han
dle both international diplomatic
and domestic matters, taking the
load which rested too heavily on
the ailing Hopkins. He will bear
it with more of a political and
less of a social lift The change
represents the substitution of a
consummate politician forj a soc
ial worker. j
. The announced part of the shifts
bear less significant meanings,
( aside from the striking disclosure
'that Mr. Roosevelt has not want
ed any fresh blood-or new ideas
in his fourth administration. Oth
erwise the changes suggest only
that labor and the leftwing have
improved their position at the
inner council table. - j " ,
Fred Vinson, in . the place of
Jesse Jones, is a man who knows
Washington ropes, and he win ,
pull them adeptly. The $40,000,-
000,000 -mortgage' empire built
up by Jones will be quietly ad
ministered, i - j
Economic stabilization will be
Signed Corps Men
Set Up Telephone '
System onilwo Isle
By Hamlltcti Fares
(Substituting lor Kenneth I
Dixon) ,
WITH THE FIFTH MARINE
DIVISION, Iwo Jima, Feb. 25-(Delayed)-vT)-A
telephone"
system comparable to that in the
average town of 65,000 popula
tion in the United States grew
from' nothing in the first five
days ashore on this little, island
in the Volcano group.
' Signal corps , men operating
under heavy artillery fire, har
assed by snipers, laid more than
700 miles of telephone lines.
' Those lines; said Lt W.SK. Ro
gers, Jackson, Miss reached so
far into the fighting areas-that
"we could talk with the Japs if
they would put their phones in
to the switchboard. They did
just that on some occasions, but
merely to eavesdrop or to tan-1
gle American communications.
, Nearly two score 'phone ex
changes and more than 200 sub
exchanges were tied in with the
two central switchboards. Back-
stopping the telephonic com
munications were scores of ; radio-equipped
Jeeps, hand radio
seta and other transmitters and
receivers. .'
Maintenance was carried out
under fire by a staff under di
rection of TSgt John C Wayne,
Baltimore, - Md, who told of
. some of his men fighting snip
ers and pillboxes, to keep the
wires in service. '
One example of fighting'' to
lay lines is the story of Marine
Pvt. Robert P. Hann, Spokane,
Wash., as told by Maj. Howard
M. Conner, Patersen, N. J, f
"Hann," he related, "was as
signed to laying a line to the
28th marines at the foot of Su
ribachi (extinct volcano that was
one of the most heavily fortified
positions). He picked up a BAR
(Browning automatic rifle as
did most of the linesmen and
started out Before he had gone
far he ran into sniper and ma
chine gun fire. Hann dropped
his line and! went to work with
his rifle. He cleaned out two
groups of Japs then went ahead
and laid the line."
J Each of the linemen, Conner
said, carried approximately 135
. pounds of equipment ,on the
long climb up the beech.
Radio repairmen under the di
rection of Marine Gunner ' Hu
bert Thomas, 'Knob Lick, Mo,
also were praised by Conner for
their job in keeping "shot up"
sets in working condition.
In the big repair shop set up
In ; dugouts while - shells still
were falling all about 128 sets
were reconditioned and return
ed to service during the j first
five days of the invasion. ; -
Boosting morale of the entire!
signal group, f was "Tim,", a
black Belgian shepherd dog. Tim
has been used many times to
deliver - messages; to forward
posts, but his I proudest accom
plishment is laying wire. A small ;
harness has been devised which
permits him to carry a reel of
light telephonej wire. -
"He's always? calm under fire !
now," said Conner, ; "and . knows
when to jump into his own fox
hole." J
Tim also knows how to ferret
out snipers if tfiey begin to har
rass his master Cpl. Charles r.
Hablesreither, .Santa Monica,
Calif. I
Steely Cbpper
Not Available
" WASHINGT6N, March 12-W-The
war production board ' has
cancelled all, allotments of. both
steel and copper for "spot" civil
ian goods manufacture j through :
April, May and June. I !
Officials said f the action, taken
last week and dues for announce
ment shortly, will permit comple
tion of "very little" of the $195,
000,000 worth of spot civilian pro
duction approved for the coming
quarter. j ".-'"
WPB previously had announced
that steel miCs now behind
schedule, beset by floods, and ap
prehensive of aj coal mine shut
downwould bi able to fill only
a small part of the low-priority ci
vilian orders. The spot allotments
are honors by mills only after all
military and other essential de
mands are filled.
. :. . ,)
FIETARtLA APPOINTED
-' t
Appointment pf Jacob W. Pie
tarila as justice of the peace of the
Astoria district,; to succeed Arthur
W. Miller, resigned, was announ
ced by Governor Earl Snell here
Monday. j
"THE YOUNG IDEA" By Mossier
C. IWM fttbin Sprftita. U.
and the other inner circumlocu
tionists together on them, which
means his prestige i and wishes
will be higher from these ap
pointments. Indeed, it has; not been an
nounced, but Byrnes has received -carte
blanche on domestic affairs
from the president
From these changes I would
expect more politics and j labor
in coming decisions, and nothing
much new. -Definitely I think it
means no job will be done on
reconversion to peace comparable
to the initial war; production job
in which new business leadership ;
was brought in wholesale, j '
- Everything is to be in the
hands of the old-timers,; the tried
Roosevelt friends who will no
doubt follow the! line they have
been favoring, f ,
What the coming of Wallace
to the stripped commerce 'de
partment will mean, few will
guess until they can see! what ;
he does with it He is supposed '
to be angling to. get control of
the federal trade commission,
(now conducting investigations " f
of bigness in business), and" the "
federal power commission (which
I ekes is not likely to release
without a struggle.)
However, the irumors that he
also wants the OPA, WLB and
a few other top bureaus, seem to
have been concocted by his
spoofers who thus have already ;
started kidding j his efforts to f
: build up the commerce depart
ment ' into something leftishly
powerful. . I " -
In his first move he appointed
people who really know some
thing about small! business to
investigate that 'subject, hut so
many commissions have been
(Continued from page 2)
extends dates so installations are
dragged out for years.
The plea in the recent past has
been that the railroads lacked
money. Most of them have been
in straits for funds and their
credit has been low. But how
much did the Utah wreck cost
the Southern Pacific? A guess
might be $1,000,000 which seems
conservative. If the roads would
capitalize their loss from wrecks ;
that sum would finance very ex
tensive installations for safety.
Experimentation has shown some
very practical methods of train
control. I quote this from the
annual report of the Pennsylvan
ia railroad:',
I "The field of electronics has
produced improvement in many
types of automatic signals, in
cluding the 'cab signal,' which
reproduces inside the engine cab
the indications of the external s
signals, rendering accurate ob
servance of the signals entirely
independent of outside visibil
ity. The same field of science has
produced an 'inductive train tele
phone, permitting communication
between the ends of moving
trains, and between trains and
wayside towers, looking toward
increased efficiency of opera
tion. This device," after being
experimentally tested in opera
tion for several years, is now
being installed for actual operat
ing purposes on an important
part of the system."
V The Southern Pacific has done
pioneering in automatic '. train
control, in which a panel in the
dispatcher's office shows ' the
exact position and movement off
all trains within his division. In
its February Bulletin the SP re
ports on its experimentation with
radio, including "wired-wireless"
but says fas yet no definite con
clusions have been reached."
This "wired-Mrireless" is what
the Pennsylvania referred to as
"inductive train telephone. In
its operation a transmitter aboard
a train sends out waves of elec
tric energy which by induction
create corresponding waves that
will travel along any wires that
happen to be! strung on poles
alongside the right of way such
as telephone Or telegraph fires,
power lines, or even wire fences
if they are insulated from the
ground. These waves are not
powerful enough to leap through
the air for distances greater than
300 ft, but khey will follow
wires for manylmiles. This wired
wireless transinission does not
interfere with 'other electric cir
cuits, such as telephone conver
sations, that may be in the wires.
The receiving .apparatus must
be located within 100 ft or so of
the wire along! which the induc
tion waves a-e moving. The
sounds received are amplified
and transmitted by wire to regu
lar telephone receivers. Because
its wave length is longer than
usual radio Waves, this wired
wireless does hot interfere with
regular radio broadcasts.
; This induction radio or wired
wireless Offerl excellent pros
pects of promoting efficiency in
train operation. But it is not the
automatic stopping device which
is the one needed. That should
be the automatic train-stop or
train control Jsystem. The cab
signal system (is not fully auto
matic, but is j probably far less
expensive.
lit is clearly, the duty of the
interstate commerce commission
to get a move on, and to lay
down safety requirements for
roads withou letting them get
away with procrastination and
delay. The roads are in the
money now. Some of it should
go to protection of life and limb
of passengers and trainmen.
started by the
small business
government on
without results,
r1' terrible likeness makes me loek like a gawky, gangling
little enthusiasm attends this six
teenth or seventeenth effort
Yet' Wallace win have to ac
quire something important aside
' from patents, census, etc, to
which his management now is
limited, else this springboard to
a 194 presidential candidacy win
sag and break under his weight
Wait on this one to see- what
develops.- i
Thus are the lines being drawn
in rather than out-fcr the fourth!
term, solidifying and tightening
the-personal Roosevelt controls
-over everything, with greater
emphasis on political considera
tions and labor, directed by an
exclusive White House clique,
new in form but nevertheless
familiar v ' - ; "
1
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fin ' jclj ' ri
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4 umm exqvisHepias
wenders fa year
new; Easter salt , er
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