' page roua ' :i jf ' r , ' ' ' " ; v " -Mo Fat-or Sro. U.; W. fer Sfu.ll Awf '- -J ; ; L JStfe -- I ' VPOUCI'. ....AT THE FRONT! - ---Mi 4 TUE STATESMAN PUBLISHING C(MIPANY CHARLES A-SPRAGUE, Editor and Publisher; Member of th Associated Press . - f The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to th use for publication of all . . j .- nthrwii credited in this newsnaner. news aispaicnes creaiiea w w - - . - 4 i 1 i A Year of "Unrah" i "Unrah" as the UNRRA (United Nations Re- lief and Rehabilitation Administration) is popu I larly called, has been set up for a year and quarter. It has spent millions 01 aouais Casually lists We confess to being skeptical on the casualty lists covering Jap losses as announced by Gen eral MacArthur. On Leyte the number reported was around 115,000. on Luzon likewise a very I :hasnV distributed enough food baskets yet to large number. We ondfr how touch is body f eaual what the Salvation Army does at cnrisi- couni ana now mra gucux tmK. . , , , I mas time in a good year. Of its $2 billion dollar It is always possible afer an engagement fo budget, $117,091,869 has been appropriated by ' 30 member governments ana J government s have contributed $8,370,000 toward the $10, 5 000,000 allocated for administrative expense. I UNRRA has sent missions to various nations of South America to find out what supplies are t available, and has sent missions abroad to see , what the needs are and how they may be met. , But aside from very limited distribution of ; foodstuffs to Greece, which stopped when the. i shooting took in UNRRA trucks and men, vir i tually no relief has been provided. "Unrah" has its excuses. Yugo-Slavia would ; n't let its agents in. Russia wouldn't admit its : representatives into Poland or permit them to supervise food distribution there. Italy is still , bossed by the Allied commission of the armies. France and Belgium haven't asked for its help. As a result there is mounting criticism over ,; the' failure of UNRRA 'to provide the relief which reports 'reveal is desperately needed. i The worst impediment' to field operations is lack of shipping. A few days ago Acting Sec retary of State Grew announced that a limited "number of ships had been made available for I moving supplies to Italy; Poland and Czecho slovakia. Shipments are being started toward i these last two countries although the USSR still withholds visas for admitting "Unrah's" i agents to enter them. Agents now are entering l.Yugo-Slavia following a recent agreement It I now is expected that by April 1 and after the I relief program of UNRRA will be really func tioning. J For financially independent countries like France, Belgium; and The Netherlands, UNRRA I will not furnish the goods, but is supposed to assist mem. 1 ney nave tne ; means, Dut again suffer because of lack of shipping and of break down of internal transport systems. The far easti$ also in the scope of UNRRA's responsibility and a conference was held in Sydney, Australia, last week to develop plans to meet needs in liberated countries as fast as the Japs are driven out. While inimeiate providing of provisions, fuel, clothing aj?d medical supplies and service is generally regarded as the principal task of UNRRA, the organization itselt seems to put more emphasis; on rehabilitation, getting the countries in shape to help themselves. One of , its most important and difficult tasks; is care of displaced persons. It is estimated that about 12,000,000 peopje in Europe have been displaced from their own national territory. In addition, there '.are thousands who have been displaced within the boundaries of their countries. In China some 40,000,000 have been displaced. Instinctively the majority will want to turn -iback to their home villages and towns. But when they arrive they may find only ruins awaiting them. . . 1 It will take a competent, understanding or ganization to assist these homeless folk to re store their homes br erect new ones. UNRRA -cannot finance the reconstruction of the war ? wastage in Europe and the far east. It can provide channels in which energies for rebuild ing may flow and provide counsel and organi sation for the refugees. Already UNRRA has in the Mediterranean area camps of some 50,000 Greek and Yugo-Slav refugees who await re patriation. While we grow impatient for lack of evidence of progress in getting bread and fuel to cold and hungry people and critical of the seeming Impotence of UNRRA, we have to realize that it suffers many handicaps the need of getting actual instead of just paper cooperation from the supporting nations; approval of allied mili tary command and of governments of liberated countries; and then allotment of provisions and . transport facilities. One thing is sure, though, that if "Unrah" doesn't really get rolling by . mid-summer public criticism will grow louder and sharper. ! Editorial Comment OK STATE RETIREMENT FUNDS .; Persons interested in the use of (the state game : . fund for the promotion and the -development of .fish and game in Oregon are protesting the proposal made in the senate bill 204 for th payment of a pension from the fund to the widow of the lata tMatt Ryckmtfn. It is set out in the bill that Mr. Ryckman was an employe of the game commission for 23 years, that he received "only modest com pensation for his services and "by the long and 'faithful service of -the said Matt Ryckman and .the small compensation he received therefor, a duty arises to reasonably provide' for said widow. It will be interesting to observe the action - taken by the legislature with respect to this pension bULWe are told that the compensation described in it as, "only modest and "small" was, in the later years of employment, $4,200 year and if those-adjectives fit that pay and a duty has been created to provide a pension then the legislature, in fairness to the surviving dependents of scores of other state employes, has an obligation to. car for them, also. -"U We leave it to those who feel that game fund money should not be used for pension purposes to . express themselves regarding this bilL For ourself we suggest that the situation given publicity by its allegation calls for remedy by the creation of a sound .state employ pension or retirement fund. Social security, within the meaning of tha - federal law, is not available for employes of the state and of lower levels of government. It should be made available. . . . - . . We did not know Malt Ryckman. "W do not know why It was that, as this bill asserts, he died leaving no assets other than his home Whatever the reason does not the case show that while he was earning he should have been forced, as are ' federal and so many other employes, to participate in the creation of a fund the existence of which would hae removed the justification, if any does exist, far the introduction of this senate bill 204? . Bend Bulletin. . ,-. . 1 for a commander to compile accurate lists of his own casualties: dead, wounded! and missing. . Those who report at roll call are accounted for; others known to be dead or wounded are so listed, and all others may be designated as missing. But how is it possible to make the count of the enemy) so quickly,: perhaps even before the ground has been won, and especially under modern methods of warfare in which one shell may blow a dozen men to bits, or m bomb may bury them? f f f I i We readily accept the report that enemy losses are greater than our own,' but we aren't too sure of the accuracy of reports of enemy losses.' .They are made f too quickly ;and too positively to carry full Confidence. j j The casualty lists from Iwo Jima were, in deed, disturbing: 3600 listed for th first 48 hours of fighting. But aside from the first re port that losses were "moderate,", quickly re vised to indicate heavier losses, 1 there has not been the slightest attempt to j minimize the seriousness of this struggle. The reports have said plainly that this was thevtoughest go of any of the operations on Jap-held islands. The fierceness of the fighting and th enemy's pre parations for defense are reminiscent of Ta rawa. It is most sincerely hoped that the experi ence of prior invasions Tarawaj Saipan, Pele liu will stand the marines in good stead in the conquest of this rocky islet guarding the approach to Tokyo. I Klamath Basin Water The Klamath basiii isjup in arms over pro posals to carry some' of its water over into the central valley of California for use in irrigation. California is perpetually thirsty, and, seeing the great stores o water in the Klamath country, far more than il presently used, would like to siphon some of the runoff over into th Pit watershed and down to the pool in the Sacramento river. ". f f .1-j Army engineers have . assured the Klamath people that nothing will be done to the injury ; of the Klamath basin, ; but at a hearing fin ; Klamath Falls the fir$t of the week the Klamath ' people made it clea that nothing would be done to share Klamath fwater With California except ..over 'their dejad bodies, f " f .! I j : Which leads'Aip to this question: What plans do the Klamath people have 'for lining the water surplus which the' basin now has? Their best defense would be a plan action. of affirmative Pay for election boards is increased from i $3 to $4 a day. These jobs are usually "pin money? jobs, and have not be"en so popular lately wheh pin money was just pin moneyi M Interpreting The War! News By KIRKE il SIMPSON f ASSOCIATED PRESS WAR ANALYST - . . !, : I : -i ) PMrOU4 br Tiam Tmrm BrxUttte bf iwnt wMk Tk WvUastcm Star Fcbmary Thaw The aerial curtain-raiser for the culminating Russian-Allied winter attempt to reach the heart; of bomb rocked Germany wth land ! armies is on. j London reports of 7000 planes teamed up in '.an attack that poured explosives into German rail hubs for 24 hours at a rate of 100 tons per minut can have no other meaning. It looks as a knock out air blow at Nazi .internal communications , In preparation for virtually simultaneous Russian and Allied ground attacks, to; crush In the walls of the last German defense itadel. I f f Judged by its size and east-west scope as well as by its strict limitation! to rail hub targets, no other construction could be placed on the massive air blasting over Germany. It outmatched every previous exhibition of air power in this war. j ! Yet the attack conformed strictly to the- Amerf can air policy of striking only at military targets, not to terrorize civiliah p?ulation$ War Secretary Stimson told a news conference in Washington. If the conclusive attacks of the winter campaign by Russian and Allied armies are close at' hand, the rail hub targets selected hold the answer to German ability to survive the two front storm.! Through them must shuttle the men and sup plies from side to side to prop faltering defense lines. With her sources of natural or synthetic motor fuels lost or badly knocked, out by air, th German web of hard ; surf aced roads is an unde pendable prop for German battle fronts. The gaso line to drive motorized supply and troop: caravans as well as tanks and. mobile gun; mounts is fast" leaking away. It is upon her vast rail network and coal and even wood burning .motive power Ger mans must increasingly rely as the final clutch ot the war in Europe takes hold. j r I That is the outstanding significance of the cumu lative Allied air concentration against rail targets that rose to unprecedented power In the Washing ton's birthday mass sorties. It too clearly fore shadows Russian and Allied ground action on a hardly less unprecendented scale, j , $ r The daylight . bomb deluge was preceded by British night-shift attack! sweeping widely over Germany . with the kid of the first 'bomber's moon" In weeks to reveal their targets. Daylight conditions generally over Germany were reported hardly less favorable for f pin-point attack on rail" Junctions and assembly yards. : ; . Authorative recapitulations of the damage don were lacking as this was 1 written.! There could b no doubt, nevertheless, that Nazis means ot meeting new major attacks on either front quickly and adequately had been gravely impaired. It will -take days to restore blasted communications even if weather conditions do not invite immediate further air attacks on the same scale. And within thos days the Nazi expected culminating . break through blows on the Oder-Neissej line in the east and the Roer-Maas line in the west may fall - -'- How long Germany can stand the ever increas ing strain without an internal convulsion of some sort none can say. It seems clear, however, that this most devastating and. far spread Allied bomb ing attack while directed at military targets must have some effect on German public morale. ; . The! Literary Guidcpost " " !" By W. O.' Rogers "TKOOPERS SWEST." y Frfce ParkbUl (Farrar Rloehart; S2.7S); "THE TEN GRANDMOTHERS,- ay AUc Marriott (University of Ok Uhoma; J); "KICKAPOO INDIAN TRAILS," by Lsulsa Green Hoa , (Caxton; S2Jf). j ; One little,; two little, thre little Indians, some of them as good as gold and some as mean as posion that's the subject of this column. j ; j : Parkhill, lone novelist among these three authors, weaves a yarn, or) lazy-squaw-stitches it, out of a young Army doctor in love with a girl and mad about a surgical device he has invented, an Indian agent as Sanctimonious as he was stupid,! jan j attack on -the agency by Utesjwho had good reason : for being angereff and a siege of an army force behind upturned wagons on the bank of Butterfly creek. It all took place, supposedly, in 1879. It's a good story with which to while away an evening, and has a smart twist at the end. It pic tures the Indian of more or less traditional fiction; you will rec ognize the bloodthirsty fellow as the: ; one you as a boy Used to imagine you were when you raced around the backyard let ting our warwhoops and scalping your playmates, i j : It may be the Indian of fact, too, thought it is not the one described, sort of from the dis taff side, with hardly, a toma- hawk waved and hardly a shot fired, by Alice Marriott and Louise Green Hoad. Miss Mar riott, an ethnologist, 1 lived for two summers among the Kiowas; Mrs. Hoad was born in 1872 in Whiting, Kans., near the Kicka poo reservation. The Indians they write about ' would not: inspire boys to play Indian games. Miss Marriott's account begins in 1847, When her Kiowas were fighting ;Parkhill's Utes, and continues to 1942, when all In- News! Behind the News '- : : -.' I L c By PAUL MALLON i " ' , , (Distribution by King Features Syndicate, Inc. Reproduction in whole ; N or in part strictly prohibited.) ! I - jti J I. 1 Pan M alios WASHINGTON, Feb. 22 VP) All inner, as (well as public accounts of the Livadia under standing, indicate the Russian position has been accepted on most issues as the working basis for postwar. . j ; " The bulk of senators and rep resentatives have reached this private conclu- sion, excepting, of course the new presiding vice president, Mr. Truman, who thinks Mr. Koosevelt won practically ev erything. He is apt to be a bit partisan in the1 matter: The general run of congress is noting that headquarters for rep arations are to be in Moscow, the Curson line, was accepted, as well as the basic Lublin gov ernment for Polahd and the Tito dominating regime in Yugoslav ia, and most important-the vot ing setup of theiUnited Nations to handle future j war makers. The particular visible point that Mr. Roosevelt won has a prescription for free and se cret elections eventually in the many small European (Atlantic charter), and the yet invisible promise of 'Russian war against our enemy Japan. The limited evidence on the conference thus j clearly shows Messrs. Roosevelt and Church ill gave on the i political issues in order to get Jany agreement at all (Russia . clearly . was not eager) and they .preserved their democratic ideals, at least in the language of the understanding. You would not be able to guess it from the public reaction here, but congress does not like this. dians had joined white forces to , Furthermore, contradictory as it war on Germans and Japanese. There is a lot of; authentic in formation stowed away t in this volume, and palatably served. If you are seriously interested in the Indian, this is your book. Mrs. Hoad writes in the first person for her mother, who was stationed on the Kickapoo reser vation just after the Civil War. Offered as. the stories Mrs. Green told to children, it's ia bit ele mental; it certainly debunks the ferocious; Red' man. j ; may sound, congress, or the sen ate, will probably approve the settlement ! Such a momentum for some kind of a peace agreement any kind of a peace agreement in fact has been j built up that nearly any kind can be approv- ' ed. J.. ' Michigan's Senator Vanden- . berg, for a good example, is sued half-pleased f comment, pointing out he had won his point that the immediate post- . war governments! in these coun tries would be subject to later electoral review. Ohio's Senator Burton, back from . Europe, says the soldiers LOS ANGELESHSVMrs. Harper Sitler writes 30 letters a week to her five sons, in tH armed services and she's blind. After' long and discouraging' want a peace agreement and are pactice she learned to do it with not particular. a4 to what it Is. a typewriter. A sixth son, IS, People at large do not pay reads their replies to her. much attention to details of these "THE YOUNG IDEA" By Mossier international commitments, in fact do not attempt to under stand mem fully. S Everyone her seems to figure Mr. Roosevelt was re-elected last November because he claimed and was thought to be more com petent than Dewey to handle Stalin and Churchill in interna tional negotiattlons an indis pensible man for that task, in fact. g There is not much inclination to look askance at what he got out of it, especially with part of it not made public. Opposition thus far has just about been limited to Senator Wheeler. Even if the unpublished part of the agreement is as forecast, such fatalism has taken hold here that any heavy struggling is dis couraged, j ; x I Nearly everyone thus is try ing .to cast the best possible light on the achievement to the dis regard of its nature. It is being saidthat Russia was in control of Europe anyway, and therefore, if we got anything, it is all to the good. i j I If effective action to prevent war making by any of the Big Five proves impossible under the settlement, j well, then, we (an at least ourselves veto ag gressions by other nations in Lat in America. ' I If the prospect that "free elec tions" in Europe will not include democratic freedom of press and Speech in a preparatory cam-, aign by all parties, but may be ; Controlled by pressure of the dominant elements, then there have been some happy, if vague, reports that the Europeans -are So sick of totalitarianism, they ijnay electorally turn against' the dominant communist regimes In Poland, Yugoslavia, etc. I If the Poles lose, well, the poles are split anyway (and in cidentally their protests, were Surprisingly, mild) I If Russia; directing repara tions, is apt to take slave labor 4ut of Germany, that Us not so ar from the Morgenthau plan f industrial seizure, which Mr. Roosevelt never j disavowed (this is a contradiction because Ger many would have to keep her Industries In order to pay the i-ind of reparations Russia will exact) ; ; 1 j This Is what you hear here a fatalistic! determination to ac cept everything in the best pos sible light, I with; fingers crossed. Rr Knth Cowan (Substituting few1 Kenneth L-v . , - Dixon.) NICE i- UP) What do they think about, these first service men and women to try out Uncle Sam's rest cure at this peace- time millionaire playground? CoL Thomas F, Gunn of Port land, Ore., director of the U. S. Riviera j recreation area, said frankly that the Initial groups of soldiers and WACs were guinea pigs and that the army was anx-. ious to get their reactions. Both soldiers and WACs were enthus iastic in! their praise of efforts of recreation officers to pro vide them a good time. Sgt, Mary Jane "Chicak". Young; San Diego, Calif., sum med it up this way: -They treat you like, an individual, instead of as a GI, and that's the way it should be when you are on a rest" 1 ' They raved about the friendli ness of the French, the sheets, the hot water and other luxuries o the hotels. The GIs liked the facilities for tennis, football and basketball. The WACs liked the music with their meals played by Italian service unit orchestras. But they have their beefs, too. There is no saluting "which is great," but while the GI does not have to wear a tie at din ner, his sister soldier has a class A uniform. The men are quartered at the Hotel Ruhl and the girls at th Hotel Negreso. Neither liked th midday luncheon dance planned as a get acquainted party. fWe went because we were told to, but we didn't want to," was the general reaction. They don't want to be told where to go or with whom to date. Many of these soldiers and WACs were on duty together in Italy. On the question of ro mance they were not over friendly.; The soldiers though th WACs were snooty. The WACs said they didn't want the sol diers forced to lunch with them, but that, since they had to do it,! they could have been more polite. Most GIs, unless they have lost their heart to some WAC in the outfit, want to meet other WACs or French girls. That's quite all right with the WACs, who would like to meet other soldiers. Some WACs said that while on rest they feel they should be allowed to date any man, soldier or officer. Dating officers by enlisted Jivomen is frowned! upon. They all want the army to go slow on "com-1 mand" dates. . - CRT I 0330000 Mf - I ! i ! -" ' . ' s& C . I b,Ui . ' " ' V-U'S, "They wouldn't fake dad and new he caat wear a vniform.' Safety Valve LETTERS FKOM STATESMAN READERS i ' ' . SUTTEKCUP LEGEND To the Editor: j " ! j Buttercups are usually our first wildflowers to bloom. Even the buttercup has roots deep in folk tore. Sweden has a buttercup fairytale about a miser: He was told there was a pot of gold coins at the foot of the rainbow. Be fore starting! out, he picked up a sack. - It was almost new. He could sell that i to the junkman. Taking another, an old : one, he crossed forest and meadow to the - Rainbow.' There he found gold coins. These he greedily stuffed, into his sack. Swinging this on his back, he started home across mountain-meadow. " He did not reach fiie other side of the mea dow till dark. ' He was tired from the long hike, j He laid down to sleep. The next morning, he found the sack, being old, had sprung a leak, j He had lost his coins." He recrossed the meadow, . but could ! find no .gold coins. They had all sprouted into but tercups! i Kiddies gathering February's first wildflowers may enjoy this Scandinavian bit of folklore. - i , i Sincerely, ..CM. Goethe I Sacramento, Calif. i (Continued from page 1) trees on the burned or logged off land. This suggests the pos sibility of improving the condi tion of the deer in the whole of the coast range, and the commis sion is considering the advisabil ity of extending the scope of the big game survey to western Ore gon as i soon as manpower is available." I hope the game commission does not have it in mind to burn down all the forests remaining in! the coast range in order to provide better browse for the deer! j. From forestry people one gets a report with a very different emphasis. The deer in the Tilla mook burn have increased great ly Jin numbers, several times as many as before the fires, it is said. j . . ' There are now too many deer for the winter forage that is available. So. they feed on repro ducing forest growth, nibbling the growing bud of Douglas fir seedlings in particular. The concentration of deer In th area; is said to be one of the greatest S in the stated with . a large proportion of does. And from forestry people comes the suggestion that an open season on does in the area would be a good thing. ' Western Oregon along the coast range is primarily a timber growing country, and should re main so.J; What wild life can be fostered without serious damage to' growing trees certainly should be given place, But the game ccnmissJon and sportsmen will have to observe conditions close ly to keep deer population with in forage limitations. WACs see smartly dressed French girls but those who want . to wear formals for dances are in the minority. "Civilian clothes can wait," said Sgt Georgiana K. iPeet, Ithaca, Mich, -"I'm proud of my uniform." T But Faye Smith of Cleburn, Tex, would like slacks for sports wear, especially when the weather is warmer. Both soldiers ' and WACs like progranviours to points of Inter-? (Continued on Page 11) . Your Federal Income Tax Ajrii YOUR FEDERAL INCOME T. ii ' Ne. 4 .;!'. fi '.Payment f Taxes ? -Most wag earners began to pay their 1944 income tax in Jan uary of that year through the withholding of tax from' their wages on each pay day. Wage earners whose tax was not all withheld and other taxpayers who expected to have some tax due and not withheld for 1944, with some exceptions, made cur rent installment payments of es timated tax to th collector ot internal revenue- on or before April IS, 1944, June IS, 1944, September 15, 1944, and January 15, 1943. On or before March 15, 1945, they should file their annual j Federal income tax returns for ; 1944 and show therein the set- j tlement of tax for the year. How- ever, farmers who did not tak advantage of the installment j method of currently paying ; their 1944 estimated tax had the i choice of either paying j the entire j estimated tax by January 15, j 1945, with a settlement on a final return by. March 15, 1945, or of filing the- return itself not later : than January: 15, 1945 (so that! the return will also serve as tha j declaration of estimated tax), ; and making payment in full at ' that time of the entire tax re-; ported as due for the year. In their returns, taxpayers should take credit for all taxes! ' collected through withholding! from their wages during 1944 i as Shown by their Withholding j Receipts, and for all taxes col-j lected through payments of esti- mated tax. The remainder of) the unpaid tax, if any, should be! paid not later than the due date of the return as explained above, j while taxpayers who have paid more than the total amount due will be eligible for a refund or credit ' Special rules apply to mem bers of the armed. forces in de-j termining the time, when pay- j ment of the final balance due! shall be made when they have! been outside of the United States, j as explained in article No. 51 inj this series. j Payments of income taxes j must be made to the office of the collector of internal revenue! where the return is required to I be filed that is, to the collector for the district in which is locat ed the taxpayer's legal residence or principal place of business. If he has no legal residence or prin cipal place of business in the United States, payment should be made to the collector at Bal timore, Md. Payments of tax may be mad in cash, or by check or monay or- der payable to "Collector of In-j ternal Revenue. If payment is ! made in! cash, the taxpayer! should request and the collector j should furnish a receipt If how- j ver, payment Is made by check or noney order, the canceled! check or the money order re ceipt is usually a sufficient re ceipt. . In the computation and pay ment of taxes, fractional part of a cent is to be disregarded un less lit amounts to one-half cent or more, in which case it shall be increased to 1 cent Individuals who exercised their right to postpone payment of part of their 1943 income tax until March I,1945; should by this time have received separate bills from the collector for this : postponed tax. In each case, the bill IU based upon an account which has been maintained by the collector as an Item separate, from other tax liabilities. There fore, to secure proper credit for payment of the deferred tax. and to avoid the confusion which would result from combining "Payments of several tax accounts in one check, money order or other remittance. th nvmn of a deferred 1943 tax should be made separately and should not ! . be combined with any other taxi payment. ( J-':-T.The End-V1"!!'"'-', ! i DIAMONDS ! ' ENSEMSLE3 - You mUX both hi liappy In the choice of an engagement-wedding iring ensemble . from our couecuon ot perfect Dia- monos: Divided Pay meats Store naari: :3l A. M, to C P. M. -