'k -Th 02EGOII STATESMAN, Salem. Oregon. Tuesday Morning, ranuary 1 "IMS" page roua. vvC-ft'y 1 i . -; 13: t 'i,: 'V" -V lKJ: ; "No Favor Sways Us; No Fear Shall Ato" From First Statesman, March 25. 1851 . ! THE STATESMAN PUBUSHING COSIPANY CHARLES A. SPRAGUE, Editor and Publisher ' ! Member of the Associated Press The Associated Press Is exclusively entitled to the use for publication of all news aispatcnes crecmea 10 k or not otherwise credited in this newspaper. Truck Legislation , Prospects for getting through the legislature at the coming session the bill defeated in the last two sessions permitting longer and heavier trucks to operate on Oregon highways are re garded as brightened! by word that the railroad lobby will not actively oppose the bill at this session.-; -. ;i ;ir .V;-;:''v :t-1 i Railroad attorneys evidently fear such oppo sition might add evidence for the case which Assistant Attorney General Berge is pressing in federal court against' the railroadsj charging them with violating the Sherman anti-trust act. While 'having the railroad lobby sitting in the bleachers and not playing on the field has1 no effect on the merits of the big truck "bill, it would b a denial of truth to say such studied indifference will have ho effect on the fate of the bill; for the railroad Interests have been po rtent in defeating this legislation in the past ; Before the legislature passes this bill, how ever, it should first pass the bill applying a uni form and scientific schedule of fees for opera tion of trucks on highways. The studies show that the trucks are not paying now ' their fair share of the cost of the roads which art built and maintained by Ithe public. The law also .plays favorites among the classes of trucks.; ; Now is "the time ;to establish the new, ade- f quate and fair schedule which has been worked out; by. an interim committee after four years of intensive work. Further concessions to the trucking interests should not be made until ' equity in assessments for use of the highways is established. ... . I : -: 1 i It is conceivable that, combinations of special interests may combine! to defeat this new fee , schedule. It would be politically smart as well 'as fully justified tO" get ' the trucking interests to assent to the new schedule before enacting the bill for bigger trucks. Hitler Speaking? j ; Adolf Hitler broke a five months radio sU lence when he addressed the German people at the year's end. So altered jwas his oratorical style, however, that informed listeners like Louis P. Lochner, former head of the AP ,bu- reau at Berlin, has , his doubts whether'the . speaker was the genuine Adolf. If he was, Lochner says. Hitler is a greatly changed man. Perhaps when" recordings are compared with former authentic speeches' by Hitler critics will find altered enunciation or inflection to reen- force their, doubts as 'did those who measured the ears of Hitler pictures and concluded one was ersatz (the picture, not the ear). While the speculation has more point than -the still-surviving argument as to who wrote Shakespeare's plays, the fact remains that Hit-" ler still is the central motif of German leader ship. His name .alone still evokes the sacrifice which the German people are now called on to endure. In effect the people and . the Hitler -thesis of world power or downfall are now one, only the issue now is the elemental one of sur vival as a nation. I , Recent "events have proven that the leader ship In Germany has hardened the people for supreme, effort, which the demands for Uncon ditional surrender: and plans for carving of German" territory?! have strengthened. 'Hitler remains the symbol of loyalty and whether the radio speaker is true or false,; the Hitler symbol still has potency in the reich.! . r - - 1 " f" krKfMswmtwiUTtaVMhkwtMStw : , i- ( ' . ; Lnr . s I r r -m . Breaking With Franco Left wingers are demanding-that the United States withdraw its recognition from Franco's governmenHn Spain. The purpose clearly is to force Franco out of office. While that seems to us a desirable consummation the task is one for the people of Spain. We can't very well start bossing other nations around. I Granted thajt Franco was helpful to Hitler, the time is welf past now when that help; can be of value. It probably will be .found that Switzerland and Sweden also were helpful to Hitler, but we can't very well break off rela tions with them. -' J If and when the old, elected republican gov ernment in Spain is reestablished in that coun try we can very properly give.it prompt recog nition; but there seems no present advantage to ourselves taerminate diplomatic relations with the Franco government which is "de factpn if not "dejure." - ' Installment Refused ! Finland, though badly! knocked about by the war, was ready to pay , the installment on its debt to the United States, but our government after some hesitation decided it couldn't ac cept the tender. It seems we are not on speak ing terms with Finland,' so it wouldn't do to unbend sufficiently to take her check on ac-. count. ' Finnish ' finances j in this country are under a freeze and the treasury wasn't willing to thaw but' the accounts enough to take the Installment payment.' j However we can credit intentions. When the wars we can openshop and do land and take her money in payment of, to us. The fact that Finland alone of Wreck Near Ogden The west was terribly shocked to hear of the Southern Pacific wreck near Ogden where over 50 were killed and some 60 injured early Sun day morning. ; It is one of the worst railroad wrecks in the history of the west. The news ac count gives the familiar report that "railroad officials refused to hazard a guess as to he cause of the accident but ordered an immediate .investigation." ' ; j I )' ,: ' The details appear to resemble closely those of a similar bad wreck several months ago on the C it E I Ry near Terre Haute, Ind, In the fog the fast-moving rear train crashed into the more slowly moving train ahead. But fogs are common in train operation; and the questions arise over why the rear train ran hy the block signal, and why the engineer failed to see on the open causeway over waters of Salt lake the lights of the train ahead. j - I ; . Granted -that the fog obscured the Vision, . what is to prevent similar wrecks on foggy nights? Unless and until railroads adopt auto matic train controls such wrecks will continue to occur ; when the, human factor ! wavers. " Why must this slaughter gj on? When will the interstate commerce commission wake up J and require installation of modern safety con trols using the late discoveries of electricity? Surely a beginning can be made even in war time.: - i'r i - .,. . :" One would think, too, that the railroads would see the necessity and the economy of ap- . plying the latest and best controls to prevent collisions. Clearly the lesson of Terre Haute was not !learned. ; 7 Interpreting - The War News Tmimnrs Page 1)-- ( Continued From News Behind the Neivs By PAUL MALLON (Distribution by King Features Syndicate, Inc. Reproduction In whole 1 j ? or In part strictly prohibited.) ; i Finland with! good are all over! then business with! Fin- lebt ur K1RKE L. SIMPSON f ASSOClATtD PRESS WAR ANALYST The time lag imposed by the' Allies on revela tion of development in the battle of the Belgian bulge continues, to mask the exact situation. ' But there seems little doubt fn view of a belated report of an additional six mile American advance west of Bastogne, however, that; an enemy retreat from the dangerous western loop of the bulge to escape entrapment is in progress. - j While the direction or width of the new Third army forward surge in the Sf Hubert area Is not indicated, a six mile advance there would certainly put American forces astride a considerable section of the Bastogne-Marche highway. It also prob ably would restore Ian important section of the Liege-Rochefort-Arlon railway to Allied use. It would virtually close the gap between their army forcer to the south and First army division on the northof the Bastogne-Manhay waistline position, splitting the German bulge through the middle. - With that advance the , original corridor carved out by Patten's men to rescue the gallant garrison of Bastogne must have been eliminated. The line so far as it can be traced has been flattened out on the southwestern angle of the German bulge to such an extent that enemy hopes of regaining possession w me. town can De out slight. I! ! debtors stands ready to meet its obligation , goes far to promote a kindly feeling towkrd . the country which was caught in the vied of two powerful neighbors. : -000 as penaltj) for joiningthe nazis in an! at tempt to recojver territory, and Finland will pay this, in goods, heavjf- as the burden will be. Editorial Comment 1 Senator-elect Wayne L. Morse of Oregon Urges the Republican party, to& adopt a progressive labor policy to play it full role ia American life; He jays collective bargaining ; here to stay and can function better under Republican principles than under, the sort of policy' he has seen, at work in Washington. . ... . .j ... . . This is a subject on which few men in or out of public life are so well qualified to speak. Not a .professional labor leader, but former dean of the University of Oregon law school, Dr; Morse,' too recently to be forgotten, won the respect of both sides in bitter Pacific Coast labor disputes he ref ereed. He is a Republican who has served i with distinction on the Democratic Aaninistration's War Labor Board, and a candidate elected to the Senate with the support of the AFL, the CIO and conservatives even of a strong anti-labor tinge. To these discordant elements in bis support. Dr. Morse . declared he would: offer no bargain, no program, ..'.except a fair deal. , - j -. The fair deal that won him support from such divergent elements, and not some formula of labor taffy, is what Morse is urging Republicans to make cardinal in the party's progressive labor policy. The fair deal is the basic philosophy on which the Republican party was established and the one upon which it has stood, with credit to itself and the nation fa the advance of the United States to its world position. . " . .... . . , ' There are frictions in the flexible social rela tions that characterize' the American system. These i are exaggerated fcy prejudiced extremeists at both poles who preferj hostility to reasonable compro-: mije. Wt do nbt believe, however, that either group will have its way. We do not believe that the. extreme radical fringe will be able to destroy the American system. Neither do we think their ' extreme epposites are going to eradicate collective bargaining in principle or practice, or halt organ-'; Jzed labor's legitimate rights or its legitimate will tar share more fully In the American economy. ;. We believe with Morse that the Republican party major offensive effort in the Bitche region as front must sincerely take a progressive attitude on labor line advices suggest seems highly doubtful. ' liow if it i3 to play , its role, and further that the Repub- , ever, Nari leadership cannot doubt in any event , J.-an principle is vital If American ideals sre to that it has already succeeded ir stalemalin" ths lr,e jmd Erosper. Can Francisco Chronicle. . Allied Saar basin offensive indefjuiely. , , " a meeting of -Women of Rotary a few weeks ago when the Rev. David Nielsen discussed the re turn of Japanese-Americans' to this coast, a subject Which arous ed her interest ' il - Loyal to the cause Of woman suffrage, Mrs. Bishbp took the lead in encouraging women to become interested j in politics when the right to vote was ex tended to them. For! a long time she,. conducted a study class on political questions S for Salem women.. U i Ms. Bishop held a lifelong interest in woolen manufacturing las Was natural, for her father had i been a weaver) in England land became a manufacturer here. i - j, , i . :" She encouraged the Bishop fam- 'lly to engage in woolen manufac turing, and assisted with her money and counsel; There was one rule which Mrs. i Bishop had for the family which is quite revealing: each member of the household must have a job of work to do on Monday . morning. Even after her sons were grown ; and j away from home she used to remind them . to .have their work jaid out for Monday morning. Her idea evi dently was that to start the week right was to end the' week right, with', work performed.. She had the organizing faculty and the will power to see things through, and : sought to inculcate similar qualities in; her sons," Mr. and Mrs. Bishop were very generous with all good 1 works. They , helped many ! people per sonally, and no worthy philan thropy of the community went unaided by than. Mrs. Bishop continued her own liberal sup port of welfare agencies and took an interest in their work. , The town seems poorer in its leadership - with Mri and Mrs.1 Bishop gone. Probably never will . there be a' couple Just like them. But .other and younger hands musti take over the community' tasks which , they shared so long."' That is the urgent tM o n d a y job of work" for those who now mourn the passing of Mrs. Bish op. .., WASHINGTON, Jan; 1 (Part V) I have traced (column Sunday) the fact of nearly, two- W ! V , UV servicemen not voting for eith er Roosevelt or pe wey' f and contra s t e d it with the high ly o rganized political action of the Congress of i Industrial; Organizat ions and its Ww 4 basic j principle, i denying the , democratic concept si individual ' -liberty; as being. a good thing, , and interpreting freedom just as the fascists and communists do. ' Where we seem to be heading in all 'this is toward a new form of"" a capitalistic . republic con trolled politically and economi cally by the unions. , "t Paol Malloa Cost Rica passed ' social se curity law in 1943., ' - - theory of freedom as being or ganized control " of the indivi dual through unions and feder alized, power.; The analysis is an effort to bring into the light for plain discussion the appre hensions evident here as to where this country is going, do mestically end internationally. There was great fear of fas cism in the Country1 before our war ' victory became visibly . pro bable. Fascism is a dictatorship by rightwing ; elements, ; conser vatives, it was evolved by Mus solini and perfected by Hitler as the only means of combatting communism which was a dicta torship by the leftwing elements. ' - They I had the f same methods and ideals, I believing frfeedom to be the organization of the indi vidual to theservlc e of the state, contrary to the old demo cratic basic principle which held .that freedom is individual lib erty, j . 1 I' ;. - Neither represented the yearn ing of any great bodyj of the people. They were conceived at the top and imposed on the peo ple.! They'- were revolutions in which highly organized minori ties got control of the people, the bulk of whom are not and cannot be expert in politics! They did not come from elec tions, yet they adhere j to the system of elections. Both Hitler and Stalin held elections, gen erally winning them 100. to 1 because the people dared not vote any other way," unless they wanted to be killed or j ruined. To make their living, the peo ple had to vote the way In which .the highly organized minority at the top told them to vote, i i - JEven so, no dictator has been able to maintain himself; in of fice without, periodic purges to murder and suppress the oppo sition! In any kind of a political system, opposition always will arise. ' ' - , : :; j , Now no important segment of our people want either fascism or" commnnism. Yet there is a very popular movement for the Nazi faUure to take Bastogne from Its American "THE YOIINO IDEA" Rv UTofials garrison marked the turning point in the German 1UVW -. 117 MOSSler wuumvr-aoacK. j Bastogne is the communications Key to me wnoie center area of the bulge. Without it .the German commander's hope of Teaching the Meuse valley either to the west or to the north on a scale to force, American evacuation of the Aa-chen-Roer bulge into Germany was doomed to'fail ure once the shock of surprise had passed and Gen eral Eisenhower had Regrouped his armies. loss of the western loop of the Belgian would convert the German foothold into relative shallow dent but one suffidently wide at Its base line to make it a difficult job to. reduce! it and throw the , foe back behind German frontiers. - There are in timations In some front line dispatches that de spite the progress of Patten's troops, Allied pros pects for turning the Nazi gamble offensive into toe worst German defeat in the west are waning. These has been littldfor severaf days toiindicate any substantial American gains oa -either the north or south -shoulder" positions at the eastern base of thebulge." -: H -,;;.riCii.'r,- , , - , In the light of the situation in Belgium, reported multiple Nazi counter-attacks in some strength both east and west of thBitche anchorage of ( the Id French Maginot line in the Karlsruhe frontier angle to the south look like a diversion move. . The Bitche attacks probably are aimed at f orcing return of some part of the Third army to the fiaar area, thus relieving pressure on the southern face of the Belgian bulge. ,. I i That the enemy has the means to mount a new i-s. mc C-. tut fc ItoteJ h, !., tm.' "1 think tt would be utterly goonbh t make new resolatlons, whea I haven't even breken last year's yetT - But Is it possible to have that? Can you have capitalism and union control?. Can you maintain democracy 'under un ion control? . '; j . If you have the union wage class In economic control, it would ! make aEL capitalism work toward its; ends higher and higher wages which would force higher: and ' higher; prices with less and less profits, Incentive, private capital.-It could not last any more than j a controlled capitalism j. by business could last ' : j ij I From the political side, un questionably the great bulk of. the people who pay the prices and the wages would not long stand for It. ; I ; ' - Once! you accept the basic new Idea ofj freedcMn as meaning fed eral confrol, you; cannot have either capitalism or democracy dominated by any group or class. It ; could i not s work. Only a strictly judicial type of govern ment, dispassionately maintain ing the interests of the whole, could make both ends meet eco nomically.! j j - ujt is it politically possible to i I have dispassionate government this country of such highly or 1 Kanized nimoriues? ;! . t hope ho one will think this analysis has a political, critical or propaganda intent I firmly believe no one can stop this cur rent trend of union political ac tion, except the union leaders, and 1 think they will uninten tionally! by excesshre zeal. In their own; behalf.;! l-:"'-" ' As to; our future form of igov-' eminent, the f a c t s of Europe show surface forms do not mean much. You cant have elections, even a reichstag, call yourself a republic as Russia does), and still have dictatorship by the right or left The true difference between' those ways and ours to date has been that we allowed political opposition and they did not This Is the ' real dividing line. , t : '. - .. Democracy dies when genuine political opposition to the party to power dies. Is ; murdered or suppressed. This; Is the test of whether individual .liberty ex , Ists. , -.. , iiU :: -,i Call your state or' movement Dy wnatever. pretty ; name you think will be enticing to the great biilk of people who have insufficient time Si from their daily living to keep up on the fine points, of political matters, . and can be made 3 to believe practically anything by highly organized propaganda methods of interested experts. Your state will have real freedom only as long as ;a chance is held out to opposition to g a 1 n control by peaceful means. . ' ' When that chance is closed, fascist jor communist methods come Into play naturally indeed cannot e avoided. These , un wanted fotces will come Into ac tion In this country, only as op position: dies, Iff elections be- , a any one party to power at ny time (democra- c or republican) cannot beaten. u :..'xn.t be Portland Ha Second Driest Year in 1944 ' . JTAND. 1 i-Parti Kecond driest year In " vwtth only : 27.08 inches of . rainfall-R7a inches less than normal. .- ;' j . AU-time low . for precipitation was 1329, with 23.1Hnches. S month was the driest December since 1378. , 2ih AT THE FRONT! IN I BELGIUM. Dec28 (De- layedj-dar.-; on this critical ixou ma-try little flrarr"1 about h f 4K dAUffhbOTS '' t - w on defense.; Here was four-star mys tery. The outfit- commanded by Lt Pierra M. : Stepanian of Newton, Mass, was be ing fired on di- Yankeo pefendera Solvo Mystery of Thantom Tcmk' v - ; tiv h tanks. VMiteth lb Dixon Thequestion wasv "Where were the tanks?" fn They could see everything la front of them. That's why the r.mnt had oeen uuau" , slipped in throhgh. or dark ness were .iuuj n workable ? ' i ' " ; " . The last act was explosively exploratory,' so to speak, 1 but when the curtain dropped all 43, .r.mv hulls were wrecked and burned out j .. ' ..'.7 The drama enacted by combat engineer company C. was strict- ly ad lib.' However, the critici probably would have been pleased. "' ! " "r - - - ThPT had a river to cross. In- " fan try wanted a platoon posted on the-heights beyond the 300 foot stream; ; which was frozen " Unnr.ir.f th firtt thlna j T . . m the company commander by Lt Carl S. Oran of Kearney, Neb, learned was that the ice was not SSTSfli 41 huhVof wrecked," quite strong enough to support a move pos nui Assault column of infantry. ' burnea ouv , . -.....- xaaa out there in the .. So they began breaking It up w . covered no - man's - land, - m order to construct a standard, - U. .nil - . M 11 iJ tJ.,4. - their steel guts were vuiu- zioaung i.uvtunu. empty. SThey provided grim evi dence of how well the doughboys had been able tot see that terrain every time the enemy panzers struck. ":V'L- ' The wind drew a freezing cur tain back and forth. Darkness settled and all during that night direct fire came from the "phan tom tanks" j somewhere out ahead, almost at point-blank range an eerie barrage. 1, Next morning, an unidentified ; soldier had a brainstorm. Rear-. Ing cautiously out of his foxhole, he stared across the clearing as i the dawn's fog lifted." It looked f Just like it did thTday before or did it? -v' ; ,-v:!;. - " "Hey!" he 1 yelled suddenly, "count those tanks again!, -f Sure enough, there now were 43. 'All looked alike, covered with snow, but the two which . But when a half-dozen frozen, GIs began breaking the ice, they didn't dare try to bridge the stream in day light under clear observation. It was a long, tiresome " task.' Such necessity promptly mother ed new invention., tv' "If these floating bridges hold men ?' up on water, why won't ; (Continued on page 8) . Your Federal Income OUR INCOME TAX SYSTEM ; Your income . tax is a major part ot the federal government's 1 method of paying for the ' war and all other governmental costs.1 It is figured by subtracting vari ous exemptions and deductions from your income and taking percentages of the remainder. It ' is based, on your taxable income from all sources, including wag es, salaries, ; bonuses, -commis sions, business profits, dividends, interest rent and royalties. The individual, income tax on 1944 income includes a "normal tax of 3 per cent and also a "sur- . tax" which begins at "20 per cent and , increases . by steps (fre quently called brackets) to suc cessively higher percentages for larger amounts of income. The victory tax which was in effect in 1943 has been repealed. The normal' tax and surtax are now the taxes for which an annual income tax ? 4retumML must, be filed on or before March 15, 1945. Under the "pay-as-you-go" system now in effect Dart or all (of the federal income taxes., of most employees was v withheld from their wages r during u 944 and turned over to the treasury - ployees thus had their taxes paid up in full before the end of the year. Individuals who were not kept substantially paid up by the wage withholding were required ' to make additional payments on the basis of 'declarations' of es timated tax. I;-;;-' - However, since both of these types of payments were only ap proximate, it is still necessary after the end of the year 1944 to file a "return" as! a general rule, not later than March 15 in order to rfeti-min- wm 4 UUUUUI of the correct tax. Persons who file regular returns will compute their own taxes, while wage earners with less than $5000 in come may elect to file their withholding receipts as a simple ana nave the collector compute the tax The Literary Guidepost . , , By John Seloy 1 -THB LAND OF THE RUSSIAN PEOPLE." T Alexaader Nasaroff (Upplncott; SZ). ' : ' I had, read a third of Alexander Nazaroffs "The Land of the . Russian People" before I realized it was Intended for the child . mind. I was liking It too., t Apparently :Jllr. Nazaroffs book is part of a' series designed to inbroduce the young people of the earth, and certainly the num erous peoples gathered under the Soviet banner take some Intro-. ducing. The author does It with verve, and also with Impartiality. Possibly a rabid) White Russian might object .because Mr. Nazar-1 'off does not -accuse the: present a Russian regime of barbarities; perhaps an equally rabid Red ' Russian might object because once in a while something good in the Tsarist, regime Is men- tioned. Most of us will continue to believe him a middle of the road man, but an interesting one. ; For one thing, he deliberately reverses the usual Russian grand tour, and I think it is a good idea. He pretends that he and his readers , are entering Russia at Valdivostok, going west across Asia on the Trans-Siberian 'rail road through the great forests of Siberia, the trans-Ural industrial districts, . the j Volga plains to Moscow. Then he makes a feint to the North, admits -that the young would .find little of in terest if they : returned to Val divostok that way, and instead takes them back through Kiev, return vI r-" . compute the tax. ' uuny aesens 01 central Asia, When v. and so to the Pacific again, i turn . J your :re- a. nd the tax has been com- w iLwuiura wim tne is a wonaernu tour. The prepara tion of his text was chiefly a matter of elimination; hes has ' thrown away a thousand times' as much as he has kept and he has condensed the small remainder. But I think a young reader could come out of the book with an ex cellent idea of the amazing bun dle of racial strains bound up in ; Greater Russia, of the philosophy 1 which unites them, and 0$ the way in which they live. The! pic-' ture , of s Russia moving slowly, with creaking dignity, out of the age of the Boyars is especially well managed. ' j .r- -, actual amount of your payments. If your payments were less than the correct tax, you will pay the difference. If your i payments were more than the correct tax, you will be entitled to have the overpayment refunded to you, or pdited against your estimated lay fn. 1 Qi k m ,. -Your return should be- filed Until 4L "iUi couector : of internal revenue in the district in which Visit nfi va wv.. . iega residence or Place of business. If vou don't know the collector's address, in Quire your local postoffice. ' JEWELRY I Craftsmanship I r ' " , 1 0 Frankly . . we're proud of the excel lent Jewelry manufacturing we are now- doing for the people of .Salem and vt- ' cimty AU of thi, work i, done in our own store by pur own craftsmen. 1 - Jv-,;- :ip-T:-. A full guarantee' goes with each Job we do. whether, it be tting . diamond! Or overhauling a watch. If m V Credit If Desired r ' Credit ir Desired