v
PAcs roui
! CnSGO:? CTATESMAIf. Cet!tzau Ortsotu Wednesday Morning. December 13, 1844
2- n
. Reluctant Ilaroea
N , . Mcrch bio Ectle . ;
, " Ten Pocwf Apart :
;,;AT7IEn:C:iT!'; , . 1
1- ;
'Jro favor Sways Ut; No Jtar Shall Awt"
i rrom Tint Statesman, March IS, 1831 j
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TIIE
V.
STATESMAN: PUBLISHING COMPANY
CHARfiFS A. SPRAGUIV Editor and Publisher.
; Member ot me Associated Prm A ,1
The Associated press is exclusively entitled to tbt use tor publication of all
new dispatches credited to It or not otherwise crediud la this newspaper.
Giving Alaska Back to Indians
Two years ago Alaska was a. hot news spot
because the Japs had occupied the tip islands ot
the Aleutian chain and It was feared they would
march along those stepping stones to the penin
sula Itself. Now the war has moved far away
and Alaska is in the news-doldrums as far as
the war itself is concerned.- Alaskans no longer
radio Washington calling frantically for troops
and planes. Instead, they are "cussing out'
Washington and Secretary Ickes in particular
put of fears that Ickes is about to give the coun
try baclq to the Indians, tr
The Alaskans the white Alaskans, that is
do have cause for alarm. For the government
has just concluded its fifth public hearing on,
the claims of j Alaskan Indians to lands and
rights based on their ancestry. Certain Indian
.tribes are claiming, fishing i rights along some
2000 miles of Alaskan coast as well as rights to
adjoining lands. Land claims include sites, of
some of the present cities of Alaska and of many
of the fish canneries dotted along-the coast, v
Wail the government bearings are said to be
only for the purpose of finding out just what
the Indian rights are, there is a fear that on the
basis of findings Secretary Ickes. whose depart
j ment includes; the office of Indian affairs, will
I want to establish reservations under the Wheel
i er-Hbward act, and recognize the Indian claims.
The-Indians themselves are afraid of these
i reservations. JAt a recent, convention of the.
V Alaska Native; brotherhood resolutions oppos-
V ing such reservations were adopted because the
Indians fear Ihe "office of Indian affairs will
thereby jenk us further into wardship and thus
deprive us of the practical exercise of our citi
zenship rights." They also) pep '.that to exprp
prlate the lands occupied by the industries in
Alaska, . particularly canneries; ; would disrupt
industrial lifedn Alaska "to lour own injury as,
.well as the injury of white people."
It seems foolish to give the breath of life to
tribal claims based on occupancy of land under
primitive conditions back at a time when the
Russians iceded Alaska to the United States.
Those claims must be very shadowy.
As a matter of fact the status ot the Indians
within the states is quite obscure. There are
still reservations. .Indiana are still regarded
seme of them, as wards. ' Yet Indians have vot
ing rights, and; many Indiana are entirely inde
pendent ot government allotment or control.
On the "whole Ut may be said that the white
man's treatment ot the Indian? has never been
good. First, the theory was simply that "a good
Indian is a' dead Indian.", Then, Indians were1
herded in reservations but were neglected by;
scheming agents and exploited by greedy white
men. Now the policies are those of generous
.guardianship With ill succss in integrating the
Indian into the wrjnans civilization.
? Nobody seems toihf'Khe; answer to the?"In
dian problem.!' Indians ought not to be kept
forever as wards, yet it doesn t seem right by
Staying on the War Job - -I
It is clear that the calls of War Production
board chairman, J. A. Krug, and of high offi
cials in the war and navy department for sus
tained or increased production art not just cries
of "wolf, wolf l" " The consumption of war goods
: continues on a colossal scale. In the face of this
, demand talk of reconversion to civilian produc
tion Is being soft-pedaled.'
In Oregon shipbuilding keeps highest priority
for manpower. The call now is for more land
ing craft and special-types ot navy vessels. Be
cause of the need for more ships the labor en
rollment in yards in the; Portland-Vancouver
district actually has increased substantially
since mid-summer. It must be sustained for
an indefinite period to turn out the shipping"
'. .that will be. needed.'! " ;f " : j,: i- 'i M
The stiffened enemy resistance gave a jolt to
the lumber industry also. In November the gov
ernment's central procuring agency placed or
ders for 214 million board feet of lumber, or
nearly three times the October! orders of 80 mil
lion feet. The bulletin of the West Coast Lum-
bermeri's asociation comments:.!; 1
Thus after trial steps on the primrose path
ot reconversion, the west coast lumber industry
la-again on the hard road of war work, with
. the certainty that victory on both fronts lies
long way ahead and that tremendous amounts
of lumber wUt. be needed at every stage,
The present urgent demands are for Douglas
fir for; truck bodies (war grinds up ja lot of
trucks), and for crossarms for the signal corps.
-Then there is a demand for lumber for naval
installations in the Pacific, for construction of
docks, warehouse, hospitals at beachheads and
a never-ending supply of material for boxes
and crates. '- : NQ', V"?-: v'."
In plain language we people at home have
our work cut out for us. Instead of figuring
how soon we can get new machinery or new
appliances or new lumber for housing we must
get our sights on the real target: more war pro
duction.' Thjs means for Oregon more ship
building, more lumber production, more food
production. . Keep the hopper of war filled so
the men doing the fighting will not want for a
single necessary item. The lengthening cas
ualty lists bring war home and the necessity
for full cooperation on the home front.
mm M, - r i
.1 rM,if.S r ')T.iiS
- Wiefc mi Itr tue SWImm tyaiim - , i
ft e -iew-
neglect to let
nomtcally insulated
alien world.
fj
them become socially and eco
racial! fragments in an
' ; ' i't
Complete the Quota
j With a million and a quarter dollars to go the
sixth war loan is a long, way from being com
pleted in Marion county. Not 'only is there a
shortsge in purchases of E bonds, which are
held only by Individuals, but there is need for
purchases of bonds in bfg gobs 1000, $5000
and $10,000 at a clip to fill out Marion county's
quota by the end of the week. : ,
These big loans do not just float themselves.
.They require support from all people in propor
tion to their 'means. Those" who have not pur
chased should : do so at once; those who have
should make an effort to increase their pur
chases to bring the drive to a successful con
clusion this week. ' ,
Buy to Hold
Purchase of war bonds is recommended now
as a means of preventing inflation. Retention
of war bonds until the country's economy1 is re
stored to full civilian production is recommend
ed to avert a blowing of the price-top when the
' War ends.1 ' ' - , j . . , '
I It is recalled that the worst inflation of the
last "war came in 1919 and, 1920 when people
sold- their liberty, bonds and rushed to buy
goods. In the latter part of 1920 and in 1921
there was a precipitate decline in prices be
cause of swollen inventories which could not
be disposed of. Pressing high incomes and pro
ceeds of cashed war bonds against available
supplies of merchandise when thisiwar ends
will produce similar inflation to be followed by
similar sharp deflation. t i s
Marriner S. Eccles, chairman of the federal
reserve board, is working on plans to prevent
such a catastrophe. The secret is simple: people
should hold onto their war bonds.
It is in the people's own-interest to "buy to
hold" war bonds until they mature,' or at least
until production of goods gets back to normal.
Interpreting
The
News
. . ..K1RKX I SIMPSON -'
ASSOCIATED PUSS WAR ANALYST
Too many sauerkrauts in the Saar for easy
-goig. :7" lt. .. - '
Editorial Comtnont
i . PRICES ML'ST BE KEPT DOWN , '
- - One hears much about war prosperity and' afflu-
ence derived either directly or indirectly from in-;
duttries that are related to conduct of. the war. i
, Wages and profit have undoubtedly been swollen,.,'
so far at some persons are concerned,' and despite'
, higher income taxes the present war appears likely
to produce such a crop of war-born fortunes as.,
were harvested from Vtorld war No. 1. "
i Yet now as then a large portion of the American ;
public has derived no benefit, but only harm, from
war economy. These- are the people with fixed in
comes, including the military personnel themselves. "
The office of war information in support of WIS
- op position to cracking the - "little steel formula," '
wage yardstick has issued a report of survey results
showing more than 20,000,000 persons in the United
States who are subsisting, on low wages or incomes
whUh are inflexible. , -..
As prices rise, and anyone knows that for most
people the gavernment-Usved .figures showing a
price level boost of between 20 and "SO per cent'
since 1941 are too low,' he purchasing power, of
each victim of the fixed income declines. In ef '
feet, bis income grows smaller and smaller, day '
by day. . . - . . , ' " ' . .
For these people there has been no Little Steel
adjustment to help them meet inflated living costs, .
and for most of them no relief is possible.
Nine million of these people are dependents of '
men and women in the armed services, says the
OWI. Six million are public employes; nearly
1,200,000 are aged persona on: public assistance :
?olls; another million Includes disabled veterans,
widows, or oepenaeni orpnanea cinidren ox wax
v:t:rs;ns, lrjir-2 to exist ca fixed penrioni; 158,000
Ten days short of the winter solstice, the allied
winter offensive in the. west has substantially
reached its first objectives; but by every indication
the grimmest battles lie ahead.
Formidable river barriers, the Rhine, the Meuse
and the Roer, still guard all criUcal gateways to the
Rhine-Ruhr valley. Industrial , heart of nazi-dom
in the north. - . 1 r " n :
In the smith, where converging American ermies
are bearing down on the vital Saar basm, source of
nasi war materiel, only the forefleld of Germany's
Siegfried line defenses west of the Rhine have yet
been reached or closely approached. Only from the
Karlsruhe corner .in the central Rhine valley south
ward to the Swiss border does the foe appear defi
nitely in process of falling back behind the Rhine.
Obviously the real test of German ability to wear
down" allied power short: of the Rhine is only now
beginning, At one point In the Aachen area ad
vance forces stand nearly 20 miles deep into Ger
many but still 20 .miles or more from Cologne with
its multiple Rhine crossings. The 300-mile span
separating allied troops in. Holland from Berlin,
has stood unchanged for weeks. ,-" 1
Below the Moselle, Third army troops which took
the Saar hvttride are at grips with the outer lay
ers of the labyrinthian! Siegfried line defense sys
tem that lies behind that river. And on the south
ern, face of; the Saar basin perimeter between the
Saar end the Rhine, Third and Seventh nrmy troops
are only now approaching German - frontiers well
guarded in . depth. - ; - i -.
There seems no reason to doubt that clearance of
the last nasi invader from French soil Will be ac
complished soon. From . the Karlsruhe corner to
the Swiss frontier, German rearguards are fight
lng only to achieve escape behind the Rhine with
minimum losses.
There is litue prospect of further major action
in that upper Rhine sector once the nasi withdrawal
east of the river is-completed. It should mean prob
able shifting of forces northward to more critical
sectors for both tides.
state end municipal -employes Urine on pensions
or retirement pay; 733,000 are dependent children
.on public welfare rolls; 83,009 are blind persons;
700,000 are persons subsisUng from social security
income and 400,0C0 are living on annulUes from
their own funds, set aside during productive years.
It is to avoid the disaster which inflation would
fnflict-upott-these-people-rrticidsrlylaswell as
AdHnce Friend, and Be Identified
LET
Tpromnrs
The Safety Valvo
LETTERS FIOM STATESMAN tEADTM
(Continued from page 1)
up: the privilege of handling in
termediate traffic within another
country For , Instance, should
the Canadian plane be permit
ted to handle; t r a f f i,c between
Paris and Marseilles? '
Separate , documents were
drawn up at the Chicago con
ference covering the first two
freedoms and then the third,
fourth and fifth. Some nations
'Were ready to agree to all.
The real breach between Great Herds of Oregon and for the sake
Britain and the United States of a few thousand dollars, the
RIVER FOLLUTION .
To the Editor:
Yesterday I was informed that
the very able ''work being done
by Major Merryfleld ; and his
small staff in investigating the
nature of river pollution within"
the state and his further program"
of compiling information where
by these waste products, can be
purified or, eliminated; is about
to be brought to a halt owing to
the lack ot funds. 1
i Oregon can enjoy a $100,000,
000.00 Income from the, tourist
traffic and the purification of our
rivers is equally as Important 'as
the eradication ot Bang's dii-
HS and T. B. from the dairy
tourist traffic' brought a greater
income to that state than did the
entire automobile industry a
jdtuation hard to believe . . .
and one wonders if the citizens
of Oregon are going to allow
such a constructive program as
IN GERMANY, Dee. .-(De-layed)-(F)
-As seen fxonv a
ditch, the two tall trees made a
perfect f rame
through which f
the column
slowly advan
ced. V :
Ten pacesi
apart. Com
pany A was
moving into
the combat
line, i ! ;
T h e men
walked upward
along a gradu-Kenatth L.
ally rlalng ''f- n.
ridge, entering the picture one
by one. Each drab, muddy out
line held the scene a moment as
it topped the crests It seemed
r suspended there against the gray,
smoky sky just before it stum
bled on.;,' v: ' - -
All along the rainswept slope,
the wet earth seemed to boil
with muddy 'mortar bubbles-'
bursting and splashing around
the men. -Now and then as a
man fell missing 7 tooth ap
peared in this moving "picket
ience.- - ,? :f
Sharp- through " the - rumbling,
undertones ef the frontline fight
ing came the whispering, warn
ing altzleofTttortar after mortSr,
each seeming to shriek "ssshhh! .
Ssshhhl bidding the war be
still until it spoke. And as eachj
whooshing whistle died,' seene-
, how a split second's aynthetlc si
lence was wrought as each ear
and eye and nerve awaited the
coming blast ,
Through it ail the doughboys
' walked slowly grim, strained
ten paces apart. I
Sometimes when a shell land-
a consirucuve program as 'j: .e
has been devised by Major Mer- I OUUV i laurUUll
ryfield to be halted because cer
tain industries within the state
want to enjoy the continuance of '
river pollution.
The Isaac Walton clubs, the
Rod & Gun clubs and the cham
bers of commerce should be the
first to demand the continuance
By LfLLTJS MADSEN
- Mrs. RJI.:, Ranunculus seem
-to do better if planted in the
' spring after danger of frost is
- ovtr. Frequently they will win
" ter kill. I have seen them planted
. out in autumn and come through
of Major Merryfield's activities aUrright for ayear or two and
wnicn u me neaiin oi uregdn as then disappear. If they are
was over the; question of control
of aviation. The United States,
through Mr. Berle, its represen
tative, held out against Interna
tional control of routes and of
rates. Great Britain wanted such
control. Britain ! Is ; fearful that
the United States, having devot
ed much of its I effort to con-:
struction of cargo and transport
planes while Britain, concen
trated largely on military avi
ation, would have too much of a
heads tart in the postwar period.
Berle rejected contfols in favor
of more con petition, andwanted
all five freedoms which Britain
likewise was fearful of.
As the situation resolves it
self, very little progress was ,
made. Instead of a general agen-
fy with real power to allocate
iternatlonal flying routes, ap
portion traffic and fix "rates
there will be required agreement
between or among nations indi
vidually. H- 1 !
- While the United States may
be in the forefront so far as pres
enaeronautical development Is
concerned, it is at a considerable
disadvantage for the operation
of world-gfrdling. routes. Great
Britain, on whose empire the
sun once 'did not set, "does have
territories scattered round tlie
globe, useful for air bases as well
as for harbors for surface ships.
The countries whose territory is
mo s f favorably located for
world-air routes are Canada and
Russia. Canada endeavored to
mediate the differences between
Britain and the United States.
Russia, did not show up at the
conference and evidently Intends
only to participate in bilateral
agreements. '
The United States has Alaska,
Panama and a few West Indian
Islands, Hawaii and the Philip
pines for offshore air bases; but
, using these ' alone gets us no
where. It would seem therefore
work that Major Merryfleld Is
doing should not, at this stage,
be curtailed.
' There will always be a howl
from 'vested interests' when
called upon to refrain from pol
luting our rivers as they are not
concerned with the health of
Oregon to the same extent! that -they
contemplate 'dividends' but
it is not so many years ago when
the Standard Oil Corporation .
was called upon to refrain from
dumping their trade wastes into,
the shores of Lake Michigan, yet
. with improved means of separa
tion that were devised, that oil
company was able to effect a
saving of 99.8 as against 92
or a saving of as Ugh as 100,000
barrels of oil a day.
The Argo Starch Company of
Illinois likewise was very much
discouraged when they, In turn;
were asked to refrain from pol
luting , . .' yet with improved
methods installed, their waste
products resulted in a great ssv
ing of distilled water and a by
product that helped to make an
Improved stock food as a side
line, ' showing very enhanced
, profit "t "v'
In 1940 the state of Michigan
that in spite of. our , ownership
of planes and our Jong roster of
capable pilots the United States
is not In too fortunate a position
! for postwar eir Jrafflc Our alr
i lines do not want to make
i flights. J us t for exercise; they
want to haul passengers and
i cargo end they must neve desti
i nations.
i We have not heard the last of
the issues raised at Chicago.
! They will continue to haunt na
tions. Aviation is so promising
and at the same time so threat
ening a development that nations
will have to hammer out some
understanding on certain of these
fundamentals.
"THE . YOUNG IDEA" By Mossier '
er retired and disabled firemen, policemen and , Up to now. vrys reported nazi inov in the
'nBria, .i;iuauic va prcseai xxtraif Knun xnm xioer
where allied forces have gained a ratstantia! foot
ing on the west bank of the- flooded stream, points
to- a die-hard defense foot-by-foot of the whole-
west Rhineland. . - I
It is there that aided by winter weather cramp- ;
lng allied air support of -attacking troops, the foe .
obviously hajtak:ed.everjlhinavonjexhaufting al
te country i a .wnle,
-t tif'tp
that so much U beinglie will or capacity to drive ta cr beyond thtXr.i
jpe price level -dowftujAWs wbt"fT.-t,3r1. v ' -' v
a stake.
i Cordially,
ZlVGKlngswell,
: , 613, N. Fourteenth itreet
Tho Literary
GuidcpoGt
1 ' By Jeha Selby . '
THBT CALLED IT PCKPLX HXAKT
' ! VAIXST - by Marcartt Bark.
r i- WklU (Simon St Schuster; S3: "V.
j S. AT WAX." edited sy Tom Ms-
loeey (DeolL Slose Poarcs;
, Two picture books have bare
ly made it under the Christmas
wire. One is a leading candidate
for the worst title of the fall sea
son: Margaret Bourke-Whlte's
"They Called It 'Purple , Heart
Valley," a great Job In spite' of
the usual Camera Annual, called
U.Srat War." ' V
Miss Bourke-WhlU's book is
about the Italian campaign, and
it is another proof of the fact
that, in publishing, pictures are
not enough. Lately there have
been very few straight "picture
books," a trend influenced by the
decision of such ' magazines' -s
Life that text is needed for com
plete understand i ng . Miss
Bourke-White!s text is definite-,
ly her own she bed eeme help,'
notably from Edward Stanley on
the picture captions, but in the
main the' words are hers alone,,
and some of the opinions become'
interesting tor this particular
reason. . :
One of these is her conviction
that AMG is doing a bad Job In
Italy. I have no epace to pick
put instances;"the thing that will
amuse most practised readers is
.the feminine way In which she
describes situations she considers
failures, 'and. then drops. In a
vague. Justification of the "well,
it's a. tough job -anyway! order.
The closer to the battleline ISIss
. Bourke-Whlte gets, the better
: her text and pictures ' become,
" and she got very closed Whether
she -meant it or not in addition
tea general, picture ofi-five
months fighting in Italy the au
, thor has also provided a character-study
of one army corporal
- that is pretty close to perfection.
The man is CpL (later Sgt) Jess
Paggitt ,,
: Misa Bourke-WhiWrs"book Is
concentrated, a good balance of
text and photographs. "U. S. at
'' War" covers ' too many fronts,
none comprehensively, and has
too little text The photogtaphs
are first rate, thanks to the edi
tor, Tom Maloney, and Comman
der Edward . Steichen, USNR,
but the 'project seems to , me
much too ambitious. It Is a little
like one of those hysterical see-
' Parls-in -a -day tours they used
plahted early In the spring, they
will pome Into bloom.
Mrs. S.L.T., Wants me to name
Jastpne red rose. She wants an
entire bed of red roses and be
lieves!' that only one variety
should be used. If I nsme more,
she adds, she may become con
fused ; and not : know . which to
pick. She asks me to be sure to
, name my favorite red rose:
Right now I probably
would say Daily Mall Scented.
But a month from now, I might
decide I : liked Madator or
Stone or Etoile ' de HoUsnd
or any of the other fine red
Life insurance is "the economic
answer to increased taxes and low
investment yield," the Salem Kl
wanis club was told .Tuesday by j
William K. ! Hood ot Portland, dis
trict manager of the Mutual Life
Insurance company of New York.
Hood sketched "the growth of
roses better. If one is using insurance, irom lis inception io ui
bed ot solid color in roses and FrejenT scope of more than 140
there is nothing' really nicer
one ahould definitely -choose one
variety. Different shades' of red
so often clash.
E.C.DV asks it fuchsias wUl
grow out of doors here. She says
they are-going to grow In her
garden! '
. Ans. Which leaves little for
me to say. But they j will grow
out of dpors.AneMt many of
the vaiiejties. In purchasing them
she might ask her nurseryman
or florist if those she is buying
are hardy. Several prove hardy
with a little protection. I recent
ly visited the Golden Gate fuch
sia, gardens and were, they lus
cious there! I am quite sure Mrs.
E.CJD. (judging from what she
says) would become thoroughly
envious of the San Francisco
fuchsias.- But many of them will
do equally well here.
ed too close they hit the dirt but
mostly they just kept moving.!
Twice men were hit The column
paused briefly. Then it flowed
forward again with sticky reluc
tance, like heavy motor oil on a
cold morning. ' " y 'J-'X '
(The dead of the company up
ahead still lay where they had
fallen. The pathway, was narrow
and mines were thick on both
sides. Heavy-footed doughboys
stepped carefully over the bod
ies oi men they'd swapped cig
arettes with Just a few hours be-
,fore -".j ; '
,$ome turned their eyes aside.
Some, stared1 fearful and with
. magnetised fascination at the
tern "bodies. Strangely there
. seemed to be no wounded on tne
slope. Only the walking and the'
dead, i -i :;., :.U -'
Jith faces pale and tight un-j
the beards and dirt, the sol-! .
diets neither hurried nor lagged -
as sheila- fell about them. Sttll
. there tfas no stragglmg.jvM r1 :
v ' " Xhere was a complete' absence i
of human sound. No one shouted !
orders, cried eut or talked. They j
, just pushed, on toward an in vis- j '
lbl enemy. Their Job ..was to
concentrate powerfully on' put- '
ting one foot ahead of the other
regardless of what happened.
Watching them do it made you
begin to tremble and you weren't
sure why. These men displayed
no heroics, no hste, no enthus
lasms. no crusading seat ; : -,
There seemed to be nothing
whatsoever to help spur them on.
But ; they, marched. t Their steps
seemed to drum into your brain.
These nien didnt want to go for
ward, that was heartbreakingly
dear in -every une of tneir tun
ching forms. : ; ,
It was even more clear that
their would not stop short of that
inferno beyond them. i
With the resignation of 'thef
damned, their forward motion
had become grimly irresistible"
And you knew that if they fell
I others would follow and they too
would keep on going.
Reluctant heroes en paees
: apart 1 .
Life Insurance
Held Essential
In Economics
Sfpven.QlS)
JIan Of frrs Land for
Use of Youth 'Aenclesi":'
George J. Veall Tuesday of
fered a tract bf land, bordering on
the Pacifichishway ' seven miles
outs of SaJeftJjfciSise by the
variCJs" you'Jj arcIej ot this
rlbfUlon dollars; told of its advan
tages In regard to income and in
heritance taxes; and cited action
of the government. In permitting
wage increases up to S per cent,
so long as the S per cent went for
insurances, as proof of official
recognition of insurance advan
tages. ' : '! ' Z
Plans for the Kiwanis Christ
mas party -at the Marlon hotel
Tuesday, ; December 19, at 6:30
pjru, were outlined by Dr. Ken
neth H. Waters. Members, their
families and friends, and as many
underprivileged , children, as pos
sible for members to bring, have
been invited.. -
Wr W. Chadwlck, Kiwanis pres
ident announced that Glen Mc
Cormack bad been chosen to the
club directorate to succeed Elmer
J. Berg, who was elected vice
president I ';'-
i
Diamonds - Watches - Jewelry
D
1
We have an exceptional collection : ot loose dia-
nonij. MaJce 'your lelcction tnd well place it In i
raouctbg o! your choice right here in our slore!
There Is siHl time to hsve your gifts purchased
here, engraved by Christmas. This is the "finishing
touch" for a gift that will long be cherished! .
Credit If
Deslreg
r
ii1. ...... i 1 1 tivti.t suueruig IrMa
aoie weatner imf.rovcme - tjo fcnng.sllid s:t . wr ;
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