pacz roua
The CHIGOII STATESMAN, Salem. Grecjon, Tuesday Morning, December 5, ISM
Ana-Tcnk Gunner: -Can
Job Medics .
Anytime He Wants
.AT TVJ1 FRONT! :
"Afo rarer Sway Ct; No Fear Shall Awe
, from First Statesman, March 23. 1831 x
TOE STATESMAN PUBLISHING COMPANY
CHARLES A. SPRAGUE, Editor and Publisher 1
Member of the Associated Press - j
The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for publication of all
news dispatches credited to it or not otherwise credited In this newspaper.
State Department Reorganization . Rioting in
The department of state has been in need of
thorough-going reorganization for years. The
ancient edifice creaked and groaned from its
aged tirnber.j Secretary Hull never got around
to the house-cleaning which was needed. Ed
ward SteUinius, : jr., the new secretary,! uses
, a' new broom within the first few days of his
taking office, knowing full well that if he wait
"ed very long the. cobwebs of let-well-enough-
alone would soon bind him. " i
But his reorganization will be met with ming
led cheers and groans. There will be cheers over
the firings and -groans over the appointments
- .for successor?. Loudest groans will come from
theleft wingers who thought they won the re
cevk election, but are finding out that while ;
ther did the legwork they lost the, rewards us-1
ually attendant on political victory:
Discharged as assistants are Adolf A. Berle,
jr., Breckinridge Long and G. Howland Shaw.;
Shaw is sr career man in the department; Long!
was third assistant secretary of state in Wilson's ,
second term,! and returned to the department in j
- Roosevelt's first term, and is a man of broad
knowledge of international affairs. .Berle came
in as assistant in 1938 from a responsible office
in the city government of rjew York City. To be
of maximum value the cleansing should be con
tinued into the department's sections Where
, policies usually originate and where they al
ways lodge for execution (one way or the oth-
ef). ';. t " ' " ; 'I- ' . ..V," : . J"
But what a bewildering assortment does Stet
tihius draw in for his new staff! .The selection
of Joseph C. Grew, former ambassador to Japan,
is the best of the lot. Grew is a career man in
- diplomacy, a man of character and substance.
His experience will be invaluable to the young
secretary. The prime mystery Ji the choice of
Will L. Clayton as an assistant. He had just
been relieved as surplus property administrator.
Clayton is one of the world's biggest cotton mer
chants, a Jesse Jones protege from Houston.
He comes from the southern business hierarchy
who are anathema to the true new dealers.
As though business was not adequately repre
sented with 'Stettinius, ex-GMC and US Steel
official, trid Cottonbroker, -Clay tori, another of
-the posts of assistant secretary goes to Nelson
A. Rockefeller. He is to take charge of relations
with other American republics. Rockefeller has
been doing a great work in this field, with the
customary Rockefeller devotion to duty; but the
business coloration of the appointment cannot
be overlooked. i
Another surprise package among the new
faces is Archibald MacLeish, named assistant
secretary of state to direct public and cultural
relations. MacLeish is a fuzzy -writing poet who
is now librarian of congress. He seems ill-cast
for this assignment hot because he is a poet but
because of the kind of poet he is.
Of the lot Grew alone is a veteran in the field
f,of foreign relations. Stettinius is a tyro and
' ' -Rockefeller limited to the" Latin-American field.
Clayton's appointment marks a victory for Jesse
Jones over the Henry Wallace crowd, and the
roars that will go up from the latter's friends
will rend the sky. Jones clashed with Wallace
on foreign buying, and the business was" conr
solidated under the department of state. Now a
Jones crony takes over, which will make the
new dealers feel they have really lost the elec
tion. A pinko-poet like MacLeish as propagand
; 1st is a pale offset to Clayton in the highly important-office
of foreign economic affairs.
There will be immediate efforts to place the
responsibility, and probably Harry Hopkins who
seems to be the White house fixer will get the
credit (or blame) for the t choices. Hopkins is
now a "tired new dealer? who has run out on
his old friends. While the left-wing democrats
prayed for radical changes in the state depart
ment they did not expect to be sold down the
river -not as far as, Houston, Texas. I
Their ernBaffassmenf TS oTrnlnor" Importance
however. The real fear is that the new crew will
not only have no more imagination than the un
derlings wholiave made many and seriousWun
ders during the Hull regime, but that they will
not prove very competent as diplomats. Right
. when we need to put our best foot forward in
the complex and delicate affairs which are com
ing up we put in a green team? some of whom
come from the wrong street.
Editorial Commont .
SOVIET FOREIGN STATEMENT
The Soviet Union's six-point statement of for
eign policy issued in this country by the Soviet em
bassy is a welcome and enlightening document It
rules out differences of political system as a deter
rent to cooperation and friendly relations with an
other nation and makes love of freedom and peace
their prime requisite. If further! renounces imper
... ialistic expansion by the Soviet government at the
expense of any other nation.
But most Americans will probably find greatest
interest in the officially announced principle of
"non-intervention in the Internal affairs of other
states. " '
This reaffirms the hands-off policy implicit in
the Comintern's .dissolution and, for all apparent
purposes; Jays the persistent ghost of a Soviet government-sponsored
world revolution.
These principles of foreign policy were issued,
over the signature of Cot A. Calln, who identifies
them as the program which the Soviet Union has
consistently followed throughout Its existence.
.Yk "'may concede, then, that frequent similarity
between the thought and actions of the communist
parties in the United States and Soviet Russia is not
to be construed as an alliance between the Ameri
can communists and the soviet government, of which
,the Russian communist party is the dominant politi
cal body. '
We may also also conclude that those who before
the 'recent elections attacked critics of American
communists as persons bent on alienating our Rus- ,
sian ally were not completely informed. For it U
clear in the Usht of the soviet Izn'zn policy state
ment that these critics were no more likely to in-.
Jure Russo-American relations than were the au
thors of articles in the official soviet paper Ix
" vestia which criticized Amcricia republicans. u
r.'ne r.c".'.l:r-Ci;rri
or tne masses to
interest.
- In Rome the
the Italian flag bearing the emblem of the royal
house of Savoy and ran up the communist red
flag with hammer and sickle emblem. In Athens
the E .AM (national liberation front) carried
out a demonstration which resulted in a battle
with the regular army. The Greek ' prfrne min
ister charged that "leaders of the extreme left
ate preparing the way to civil war.''
This is not surprising. The people have suf
fered; now they want hopes fulfilled. They are
deeply suspicious of old governments of any
government. Moreover the communist element
sees in the present confusion arf opportunity
to convert the country in a collectivist state.
The shadow of Russia not only as military pow
er but as a social idea looms across Europe. Small
i wonder then that the liberated peoples of Eu
rope in their bitterness, their! zeal, their aspir
ation should demand greatly enlarged powers
' for themselves.; Contrariwise, j the conservative
influences, the vested interests, political and
economic, are fearful lest their countries go
the way of Russia, and work to prevent such an
outcome.'. 1 '' .'" '''!'."'! "-''' '"
Order must be preserved. The fighting allies
can't be distracted from' fighting the Germans
by trouble behind their front: lines. But allied
control should be limited to maintaining order
where the regular government fails. Eventually
the' people of the several countries must work
out their own plans for? the future. Probably
the socialistic trend will be marked, but! it is
doubtful if any of the independent countries of
western Europe really go communist. ;
Bus Stop
Rome and Athens
A riot in Athentfeost 15 lives on Sunday. On
Friday at the end of an official review of Ital
1 ian troops rioting broke out in Rome. In Bel
gium there has been internat strife, since the
return of the government ta Brussels. , .
. It is usually of a pattern: thei resistance of
the guerilla elements to orders to give up their
arms, or to objections of the one-time under
ground to.the composition of the government. It
- boils down tb this: a determination on the part
conxroi me government in uieix
republican rioters pulled down
The work stoppage of the city bus lines Sun
day morning was a great inconvenience to hund
reds of church-goers, and was the worse because
no notice had been given. The grievance ( dis
satisfaction with the local. superintendent) seems
hardly reason enough to discommode the bus
riding public, i-'" ' '--r , i; j : s' i'
A bus system - operates as a. public utility
which means that both owners and employes
acknowledge a prime duty in serving , to the
public and so must subordinate what may be
regarded as "rights" in other lines of enterprise.
At least the drivers should have given the pub-
lie notice so people; would not standi a long time
on street corners waiting for buses which never
came. Our Salem drivers have had! such a fine
record of faithful service it was a great surprise
that they failed in this instance. i Y
The Vanport deputy sheriff rounded up a
bunch of negro gamblers and carted' them off to
the county jail. The big shot gamblers of down
town Portland still enjoy their immunity, how
ever. And there have been no recent reform
crusades rounding up a few Chinese running lot
teries. . ' I '
Efforts are now to be made to 'revitalize'!
the Republican party. They will start by knif
ing within the Republican national committee.
Interpreting j
The War Nevs
K1RKE L. SIMPSON 1 ' ;
ASSOCIATED PRESS WAR ANALYST j i
Surprise seizure by the American third army of
the Saarlauten bridge giving direct access i to the
. Saar basin puts the nazi command in a dilemma.
The nazis must either rush armor, and first line
troop reserves to seal off the river puncture by
quick; counter attack in force, or risk loss of the
Saar moat on a wide front to expose the Siegfried
lihe to broad based American attack. ;
There were hints in front line from the Saar sec
tor that enemy armor was being thrown in to limit
third army exploitation of the Saarlauten break
through. By every sign it could ill be spared from:
the Roer-Meuse areas to the north where British;
and American armies are on the verge of breaking
into the Cologne, plain! . .
Fron line observers estimate that the Germans
have massed most of their armor and at least a third :
of some 70 under-strength field divisions' behind
the Roer and the Meuse to protect the Ruhr. That
still is the potential scene of the most critical bat
tle for the foe. i ,
There is indicated German intention to make a
last ditch stand in the north, sacrificing the outer
defenses of the Saar basin beyond German fron
tiers for that reason. The American surprise punc
ture of the Saar gravely threatens to disrupt that
; plan, however. It was made by seasoned troops un
der command of General Patton, skilled at seizing
and swiftly exploiting any tactical or strategic ad
vantage. The fury of nazi artillery reaction to the Saar-'
. lauten bridge seizure disclosed enemy anxiety over:
the American success. - '
- The diversionary effect of that third army jump
upon the 'greater battle in the north, however, Is
apt to prove more important than its immediate
threat to Saar basin centers. It the east bank foot
hold can be ; held and quickly expanded it could
prove the break that General Eisenhower is waiting
for to throw in his own reserves in the north if it
forces shifting of considerable nazi reserve! south
ward to meet the third army threat
The other and most notable change in the Europ-.
'ean war map as the first December week opened
was west of the Danube below Budapest The Rus-
sian tripfe-threat sweep beyond that river in west
ern Hungary was moving at a pace which indi-'
cated nazi-IIungarian forces confronting it either
too weak to resist effectively whichever wayi red
army spearheads drive, or virtual .abandonment by
the nazis of divisions still retreating from the Cal-
kan peninsula.
i tr u
'''v
o
The Uninvited Guest
f
f
News Behind the News
By j PAUL MALLON !
(Distribution by King Features Syndicate, Inc. Reproduction In whole
I " or. in part strictly prohibited.) !
I WASHINGTON, Dec. 4-S-There
is no use in trying to deny that
much of business swallowed its
hopes hard last
. election iday.
A quiet pes
simism in those
ranks has been
evident since
then. One na
tionally known
corporation
head expressed
a widespread
viewpoint when
he said:,
accumulated re-
Paul Mallon
fWe have
serves and if Dewey had won wt
would have spent these ; in ex
pectation pf post-war expansion;
now we will save them for taxes
and eventualities which may be
imposed upon us."
Openly the big record-making
companies (CBS and j RCA)
threw up their hands and grant
ed Petrillo of the Musicians Un
ion a bounty up to five cents
each on the sale of every record
for no good reason except that
the government had failed to
bring p?trfllo to terms m a lotlg
strike." ; ' J .,
The musicians do not need the
money and Petrillo has only
promised he will expend it to
further the appreciation of mu
sic,1' The public, of course, will'
pay it, as usual.
A wave of strikes and greatly
increased wage demands are ex
pected by all after victory in Eu-
rope has relieved somewhat the
patriotic pressure upon the un-,
ions, etc., etc. , i
But there is another side to
the story, not being told. This
country already has run to ex- "
tremes. Thirty years ago it was
, dominated by selfish financial
cliques without any sense of so
cial responsibility or the good of
.the nation or its people. ... j '
They got theirs in 1929. They
got it because they became too
: big, took in too much territory.
Men never seem to know how '
to use power wisely. -
The fascist "movement in Ger
many and Italy would today be
strong had it not taken In' too
much territory. Napoleon com
mitted the same error. History
is unanimous with evident proofs
that those who feed on power al
ways commit suicide by their
unwise 'excesses. v
The unions are now at that
crossroads. Obviously they must
change from the Petrillo attitude
(radical czarist leadership) so
i
1 tlH I VFUNIr 1DHA77 liV MoSSler
! m J) I
i
SUrcftTOUl -
ftttift iitrrfHtime: alnr I
Coar. 144 ar UaH r
"That's .cur neighbor's boyI talked fcia out of feaylaj tornetr
prevalent among them or they .
will kill themselves. Their tend
ency to dominate the whole pol
icy of the country in the past few
years cannot continue indefinite
ly without building up a : public
resentment which will engulf
them, and no doubt lead : to the
opposite extreme. i
Some wise men I know, give
them another year at most on
their present line. . I think the
time depends on how they are
led. But their bankroll is getting
too big,' the messes on their
hands- are increasing, their pow
er is growing too great, j
I think, therefore, there is
more than an even chance that
events will mitigate current fears
in this respect a far ! better
chance than the obvious one in
dicating they will increase wages
continuously to the point of dev
astating inflation, ruin business
and cause socialising which is no
doubt the goal of communists in
their ranks.
So also with the fear of the
great war debt which hangs over
us. This country has the stuff
with which to make good, i It has
manpower, resources, production
and efficiency beyond any other
nation.- ' . -
An individual in debt can al
ways borrow money if his chan
ces for successes are measured
good. His chance of success Is
the real guage of his worth, not
the amount of debt he carries.
So also with nations, i Their
soundness will be measured, by
their prospects. ,
If we do not become too soft
after the war, we can become a
great trading nation. If we are
skillfull in developing foreign
- trade routes and trade compacts
in the wise exchange of our sur
, pluses for what we need, we can
find a new international life..
: ? The opportunity certainly ex
ists as never before. Also we can
salvage some of this debt if we,
are careful.
We have proved by this war
that we are still a strong nation.!
t Not soon again will any aggres-
, sor count us weak.
We can pay our heavy taxes,
carry our heavy debt, maintain
our democratic free enterprise at
its current war superiority if we
do not run to extremes, if we
have a mind to do it but par-i
itlcularly if we do just one thing
hold out the hope of success
and soundly maintain that prospect
J
DMribata4 fcr Kta Mm Brkate
hj imumU with Tha Waaaiactoa Sta
SQSJBOS
X)
(Continued from: page 1)
they felt would be satisfactory.
A previous study had been
made of such cost factor on high
ways as applied to various types
of vehicles, but further informa
tion was needed to base new leg
islation on. These studies were
made during the biennium 1941
43, and in 1943 the committee
was continued another two years.
Its work is now concluded and a
report with definite recommen
dations is made.
A surprising and yet gratify
ing fact about the committee's
report is that it is very brief and
its recommendation exceedingly -simple.
It- recommends impor
tant changes in the assessment of
taxes on motor vehicles but does .
so with a minimum of change to
the present system and with a
minimum of complication. Its
work offers a lesson to congres
sional committees on taxes on
how to Simplify tax laws. In
six pages it summarizes its own
history, its findings and its rec
ommendations. -
The committee finds "inequi
ties and unbalance' in the state's
present motor vehicle tax struc
ture due to: ,
1. Exemption of a large group,
of commercial vehicles ' from
payment of any motor transpor
tation fee. "
2. Utilization of variant bases
for computation of fees.
3. Use of "light? weight as ba
sis for computation of registra
tion fees. .?
4. Advantage of diesel-operat-ed
vehicles on basis of present
rates.
5. Failure of fuel consumption
to rise in direct proportion to
gross load, making the fuel tax
inequitable.
The recommendations of the
committee are:
1. Retain the present fuel tax
without modification.
2. A small flat fee to apply to
all motor vehicles (in other
words apply the present $5 regis
tration fee to all vehicles), This
Is designed to coyer the adminis
trative charges and certain other '
"non-weight" road costs; in brief
what might be called the "overhead.-
3. Apply a graduated mileage
tax to commercial vehicles using
the highways. These vehicles
would beclassified into 12
groups, by gross weight. Ve
hicle owners would report their
mileage and pay the amount per .
mile which is chari
mile which is charged for the
class in ' which their vehicles
would fall. Th. rate varies from
3.75 mills per mile for vehicles
under 4000 lbs. gross weight
(which Includes load) to 17.68
mills per mile for.; vehicles of
over 24,000 lbs.' gross weight '
1 Owners ; who pay this tax
would then be entitled to a re
fund of the amount "they pay to
the state of Oregon for fuel tax.
The only exemptions allowed
are for federal (including rural
mail '. route operators), state,
county- and- municipal vehicles
and school buses. Special favors
previously granted to farmers,
gravel and log trucks and trucks
operating in cities and within
three-mile limit are withdrawn.
The idea of the report is to as
sess the cost of highway con
struction and maintenance strict
ly on the basis of amount of
wear given the roads; and that is
determined by weight the heav
ier the axle load, the greater the
wear on roads and bridges re
gardless of whether the load con
sists of logs; gravel, sheep or ce
ment '
- One virtue of the report Is that
the scale of fees may be altered
from time to time as conditions
warrant without, any need for
tearing down the whole struc-
ON THE WESTERN FRONT,'
Nov. ; 24-(Delayed)-(ff)- SSgt
Norman ZL Hlavac is an anti
tank gunner, but If he wants to
Join the medics
they'll be glad ,
German shells
hit his compa
ny's ammuni
tion pit, wound
ing two men.
One of them
had a . broken
leg. - :V.-'"'"
No medics HiAV
were handy and i'AV ,
the i G e r m a BKenntth u s Dion
shellfire was in- ' j
tense, so Hlavac got busy and
set the man's leg, using, a cou
ple of carbines' as splints. De
spite the conditions under which
the amateur medic worked, when
the wounded map was taken; to
an aid station professional, Ihe
was so pleased with the splint
that he left it untouched until
the patient reached the clear
ing station. There medics sent
back the word that Norman
could go to work with them, aiiy
time.
' Speaking of medics, do you
remember Pfc. Donald Wood
ward of Ottaway, Kan, the aim-
The Literary j
Guidcpost
By John Selhy ..') 1 '
THK 8HAPI OF . BOOKS 0
COMB," ky J. DtMll Adam (Vlk
. tec; SSJS). ! i .1 : ! f
. Once a person admits the use
fulness of writing about writing,
there is no limit to what can! be
done. J. Donald Adams does Ad
mit this usefulness, and now ;he
is publishing a book based on
some of the thoughts and atti
tudes that have "distinguished the
inside front . cover of the New
York Times book review section
since Mr. Adams took to writing
that page instead of editing the
whole. . j . i
Mr. Adams Is a most conven
tional man in real life, but hejls
not conventional in the sense
that he cannot disagree with
common opinion. There Is, for
example, a legend among writ
ers that popularity means cheap
ness, and to this Mr. Adams
never has subscribed. He is, i pn
the other hand, not sure that the
historical novel as produced bn
these shores will last This proves
that he does subscribe to the
strange idea that it is the pur
pose of books to last rather than
to form the mulch out of which
better ideas may grow. Paren
thetically, there are a good many
who will strenuously object to
some of the practitioners Mr.
Adams approves. His list includes
Kenneth Roberts, Walter Ed
monds, Esther Forbes,' James
Boyd, Le Grand Cannon ' and
Howard Fast The first and last
of these names may seem out
of place to some: . j
Mr. Adams' book is called "The
Shape of Books "to Come." By
this he means the shape of fic
tion to come, since hardly any
consideration is given the rest pf
the literary field except poetry,
and that briefly. Mr. Adams holds
a very high opinion of Elizabeth
Madox Roberts and of FJln
Glasgow, which is not remark
able. His opinion of Steinbeck
is, perhaps, a little higher than
some. He has caught Hemingway
perfectly, and especially well jln
the period when Hemingway was
in love with his love of blood! ;
, Mr. Adams states his likes and
dislikes much better than I can
restate them. 1 do not think his
conclusion that the fiction of the
future, meaning postwar fiction,
will be more "affirmative1 Is
necessarily valid, but I do think
that Mr. Adams' wishful think
ing along that line is an impor-f
tant straw in the wind.' 1 1 j
ture. Of course the original idea
of collecting something for sup
port of general government out
of operations of commercial us
ers of highways is out, because
the people (foolishly in my Judg
ment) passed a . constitutional
amendment capturing for high
way uses every penny that may
be collected from motor vehicles
or for use of highways. But it
will be a step forward if the bur
den of this support may be more
honestly apportioned. ii
Diamonds - Watches Jewelry
Are Yoa a Pauled
Santa OaosT
see the many beauti- ;
fill anH Ittlin slfta a i
Stevens St Son which :
Include: Diamonds.
Watches, Rings,- Sllj:
Jewelry and Class-
A
ware! . I
VE DJGHAVE GIFTS CI 0U3 STOSE
Credit If I ( '
Desired cfV
bulance driver who talked the
Germans into releasing him af
ter he was captured one day?,
Well, everything seems to hap
pen to him. Although he's get-
ting to be an old hand at duck
ing enemy shells and sweating
out barrages, he says this was
the most nerve wracking or
deal of all.
He was evacuating a French
woman from a front line vil
lage when moans emanating
, from the Back of the ambulance
Y indicated he was losing the race
He halted the ambulance and
investigated. ,
A short time later, white and
: slightly shaken, the Pfc. crawled
behind the wheel and continued
down the road. In the back of the
ambulance the low moans had
been succeeded by lusty squalls,
-indicating that both mother and
the new baby boy, Donald, were
doing okay, ;
' The service company of the A
60th combat engineers now
claims a strictly cosmopolitan
field kitchen, specializing in It
alian, German and Chinese dishes-
' t
Sgt. Ben Juliano of Hunting
ton, LI, NY, whose ancestors
,: once served spaghetti in its na
tive haunts, handles the Italian
cooking. Pfc. Bert Seigat a New
. Yorker - who lived in Germany
until Hitler seized power there,
supervises the . frankfurter and
' sauerkraut menus. Pfc. Sang Yip,
once of China, now of Brooklyn,
supplies oriental receipts. (
Boss melting pot messman is
Staff Sgt Bernard Waterbury
of Broken Bow, Neb., who thinks
his crack kitchen crew can han
dle almost any food problem but i
one.
"In any language," he says
sadly, "a powdered egg is still
a powdered egg." -. f
New Industries!
Being Created
By Chemurgy
The "rapid substitution of new
wood by-products for steel and
other metals already can be fore
seen! for post-war years, and new
wood and cellulose chemistry is
creating tremendous new indus
tries, Willard i Mayberry, country
editor and high; plains Kansas far
mer, told the Salem Knife and
Fork club Tuesday night
The owner and publisher of the
Elkhart (Kan.) , Tri-State News
said that "chemurgy is the real
hope of the lumber industry as
well as all other phases of Amer
ican agriculture. In no other field
has the science of chemurgy made
greater strides than in the field of
tree products. I f
"The use of lignins, formerly
washed down the sewers of paper
mills and now saved by exploding
wood fibres, has opened a great
field of synthetic and pressed
wood, while the uses of wood
wastes for both alcohol and. su
gars is in its infancy."
The midwest rancher said the
farmer and stockman also had
turned to farm chemurgy which
he described as "the use of farm
surpluses grain, fibre and animal
through chemical process, for
finished products other than food."
i The club's session, at the Marion
hotel, was the" third of Its initial
season.
Scout Awards
Given at Camp
. Twenty-three members of Scout
troop 3, led by Scoutmaster Bob
Batdorf and accompanied by Paul
Deuber, spent the week end at the
Smith Creek camp. A camp fire
revue was held Friday night;
hikes, and an investure service
and award ceremony constituted
Saturday's program, and a church
service, hiking, tracking and na
ture service were held Sunday
Patrol leader certificates were
awarded Oren du Chein, Darrell
Glrod, Martin Knittel and Jerry
Boyer. Den chief certificates went
to Glen Kleen, Art Jess, Gennett
Elerly and Bob Miller, and paper
drive lapel pins were given Clif
ford Girod, Oren du Chein, Bob
Miller Jerry Boyer, Bob Dye",
Kenneth Dresner, Richard Magur
en, Gilbert Woods and Martin
Knittel. 'j I J-
tvMlj
I .cfXX: Fin
Mk m a m
v r . . 1 sr ssa
- Z v
rv.i
Credit If a