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About The Oregon statesman. (Salem, Or.) 1916-1980 | View Entire Issue (April 27, 1944)
i - TAGS 2 ; Iki CSOn CICmi Cdta, Onoa. Tsebr 39. 13 HU No Favor Sway Ui; No Fear Shall Awe" from rirst Statesman, March 23, 1831 THE STATESMAN PUBLISHING C03LPANY CHARLES A. SPHACUl, Editor and Publisher - . Member of the Associated Press - -. The Associated Press Is exclusively entitled to the use for publication ot all newt dispatches credited to it or not otherwise credited la this newspaper. ii , Back to Gold " The announcement was made last week ot a plan for an international currency stabilization program which would, after the war, serve to eliminate the countless troubles which inter national trade and banking experienced in the last twenty years. The salient point of the pro gram is a central fund amounting to some $8,000,000,000, which would be a sort of joint checking account for all the member nations. This fund, it is very important to notice, would be, according, to the words of the Original an nouncement, "in the form of gold and local currency in accordance with an agreed formu la," L e at a fixed relationship to gold. ' Without attempting a discussion of the pro posal in the higher levels of financial theory, this one fact does seem to be worth noting: the whole plan is clearly based on an acknowledged relationship of every national currency in volved to a known amount of gold. It is, in brief, a return to a world gold standard. Should the plan be adopted, and the prelim inary comments of congressional leaders ia Washington were generally favorable, as well as some British authorities, it will In many Ways turn back world international finance and banking to the days of before the last world, war with some differences, of course. - The idea is that every world currency will keep a fixed relationship with gold, and that fluctuations of this relationship will be com paratively slight, and of short duration. The franc, for instance, will be worth a gram of 2 4 -karat gold; the pound will be equal tb 10 grams; the dollar to three. These particular amounts of gold are purely hypothetical; but the important point is that a fixed relationship with gold will exist with every currency, and the value of various national currencies will no longer be half a matter of guessing, and the remainder of horse-trading and merely hoping. If the program goes through, it will eradi cate the chaotic v and uncertain international market of before the present war, when all values were uncertain, and only the most hardy speculator (or most convinced proprietor of a "sure thing") would dare risk his capital in other countries. Much trade, indeed, particu larly with those European nations which chose to go in for national self-sufficiency, was pure barter, on no higher level, financially speak ing, than the swapping of a horse for a firkin of rum in the New England of the 1700's. Oth er trade was accomplished by means of the ex change of money, but no one knew what one currency was worth in terms of another until a deal was actually made, and then the value went for that day and for that exchange only. Under the new plan, international trade and exchange of money will be governed by a fair ly strict and abiding relationship to gold, a fact which should take much of the uncertainty out of the market and thus stimulate the entry of more careful money. Needless to say, the more international trade, the more jobs, and the more world-shared prosperity. One other fact is worth mentioning. In the old days of 1933 when the subject of the gold standard was raised, it brought blows and brickbats from virtually every quarter of the new deal. Now Secretary Morgenthau, in a cooing voice, calls the new plan "the keystone to all postwar economic planning." This com- wriAnt is lnt riAarpr truth than snm nf th nAur deal remarks about gold 11 years ago. " As to who contributes a good chunk of the eight billion well, you guessed it. The only thing still to consider is that if the plan works (as it might well do) our money will be safe and we'll have more of it to go around. - Interpreting The War News By KIRKE L. SIMPSON Copyright 1M4 by the Associated Prers Two aspects of the current war news from Eu rope stand out to indicate that the synchronized victory campaign planned at Teheran to smash Germany is now in full swing. They heavily under score the opinion of Admiral Ernest J. King, American navay. commander, that Germany's de feat "can happen" in 1944 and release Anglo American power for a total attack on Japan. King's statement, made to a New York audience, a notable contribution from allied military i spokesmen. The American naval commander is not given to over optimistic utterances. He has full knowledge of the realities in all war theaters. That includes unquestionably the timing schedule drawn -.. up at Teheran for bringing final pressure to bear on the foe In Europe from east, west and south simultantously. He also knows the state of readi ness attained on all three fronts since the Te heran conference, v. Against that background" can 'be set official axis reports that the short-lived hill on the Black sea front has ended with resumption of the Rus sian drive at the Galati gateway to the Balkans. It is obvious, that the allied air battering of the Bucharest, PloesU Budapest and other Balkan centers is coordinated operation. In effect, it rep resents the first phase of closely-linked Russian and allied military moves in the 1944 campaign although it is doubtful that - the Balkan theater is rated. as a critical front in either Russian or : Anglo-American eyes. ::; At best, a Russian, smash, through the Galati gateway could knock Rumania and Bulgaria out . of the wax and perhaps ultimately, jar loose- the nasi hold on the whole Balkan peninsula. It could . drive the foe back into bis Inner citadel and inten sify the economic strangulation to which be is be ing subjected. But neither the Balkans nor Italy otlzr prefects for. a 'quick drive into Germany - itself. . The road to Berlin from the east lies north, not south, ot the Carpathian mountains, across the rolling plains of Poland. It is' there that the col . sninating Russian attacks te break through into Germany will ccme to match the Anglo-American lnvaski frci frrrr. " . ''. Tax Simplification J ; Headaches are fresh in the minds of thou sands of income taxpayers viho fumed, fret ted, and yes, even swore, While attempting to complete federal income tax returns recently, To these comes good news from Washing ton, for if recommendations o the house ways and 'means committee are accepted by con gress, it will be unnecessary for the 30,000,000 to 50,000,000 individual taxpayers returns for next year. Under this plan the withholding against wages and salaries is revised, effective next January 1, to deduct the lull tax liability of persons earning up to $5000 jyearjy. The pro- sets new burdens to file re- leans com posed bill eliminates the victohr normal and surtax rates, yet keeps at about present levels. - mj Even those who will be requin turns will use a much simplified fo Action by the house ways ihd mittee is eliminating the cumbersome tax forms, heretofore used, followed a tlood of protest that came from every part of he country from angry taxpayers who did not? protest the tax payments but howled at the necessity of spend ing hours attempting . to complete a complex and,' to the majority, an unintejligible tax form. News Belli The News By PAUL MALLON I . HON. OLD SOU !i . ?fcr-;fin SUSP' 7 1 . 3r it" 1 lit - 1 to file tax I 7 UTv JTSSV vTV VI V " I The Not So Green Pastures ! 1 - - (Distribution by Klnc feature Sjlndieate. Inc. Repro duction in wbole or ia part atrictly brohlbited.) - WASHINGTOll, AprU 28 - This grand air assault on Europe is designed primarily to crush the German air force first requisite to inva sion by land. ; p Some say the campaign started 12 to 15 days agor but it actually appeared first in February. Then the scale of attack was enlarged tofrard; the point where, as many as 5000 to 6000 planesj could be used within a 24-iour period from United Kingdom airfields. That top record was reached last weekend, but the use of 3000 planes in attack within 24 hdurs has been a regular and ppractically con tinuous event lor rune weexs, interrupted Pat periods by Today 1 lever mustered type of target time. Each day's led attacks cen- i and airfields, ' p related plants, ration for inva- to be ready for in specific areas 500 planes into- have not been that unofficial learly 4000 Ger- lanuary 1, and rani Manea weather.' You can measure the l&ope of this ef fort when you consider that the height of the German assault on ngiana more than 500 planes. Concentration on a specifi also developed about the same communiques lately have reve tered upon airplane factorie with side attention occasionally such as the ballbearing worki.at Berlin and Schweinfurt. Secondary targets in the pas few days have been rail communications andnilitary instal lations along the northwestern fcoast, which are the final air requisites in prep sion.'(Such tactics lead the wa; land assault every day.) The individual air attacks u; have brought as many as 1 single-headed action. The r specifically estimated except guests out of London calculate man planes destroyed since 5000 more indirectly destroyed from the bomb ing of the aircraft factories. J Also, War Secretary Stimsonhas mildly esti mated 20 per cent of the German air force now eliminated, incidentally, the I Germans have been practicing a policy of extreme conserva tion the last few weeks. They mo longer send up their planes unless our attack is aimed at an extremely important targef yThey are sav ing every ship they can for the invasion hour. - There is hardly a chance tht we are being fooled as to the extent of thl; damage. True, the Germans are exceptionally clever at air camouflage, once built a fake bridge across the Rhine to deceive our airmen, f But our people take extensive air photographs, after raids, not" only of the target hit, but of adjoining territory. These are pieced together car ffully and com -pared with old photographs ir:such a way as to make deception on any grand scale improb-. able." -' : . W.';- II -s;-- " ' Now the new Grand American assault into southeastern Europe from Italian bases gener ally handled in headlines as a similar action has an entirely different character. There, our planes are 'simply doing theirj utmost to help the Russians. ' . Since the. reds drove the nazis against the Carpathian mountains, the only German rail communication . to its southwestern front . is through the roundabout line of fthe Danube val ley. ; k:-: :-r-:e:-' - V- " , Therefore, we have concentrated on the rail road yards in Budapest, even; damaged river shipping on the Danube, and no longer seek out the valuable oil fields when we go to Ploes-' ti. Instead, we hit the railroads there. In fact, our rail bombing has extended to even Bucharest and Sofia. Thisis an immediate problem. When it is passed thet planes from the " ; Italian front can also concentrate on targets designed primarily to crush German air power. , Ik would be dangerous to attempt: invasion as long as Hitler can muster a formidable air force: His air arm must be crushed either now or in battles over the landing ftfoops. -" But once our firm air contrl is established , , and German troops have no ab cover, they will know how the French and British infantry felt, . exposed to bombing atUck in France, and the terrors we suffered at Bataan i when our air ..force was gone. " : fe if - ... ; In naturally wen-covered tlrHtoryy such as jungles, the exposure of infantry to air attack may not be important.-Againi at Cassino and Anxio, where Crermaa trtillerjl In irroundin j hnis was able to cover the lacs of German air power, the result was not fatal! Dut in the open i country f France, Belgium, kind nolland, it r could be another .story. N"-' v On much of that tama rnM4 fh rr.. infantry, finding it dangerous for costly to at- acx ceruun strong points, fiis used its . power as artillery in closest coordination.... KS1JK MBS THUK8DAT UM KC t'M RIm Sbiaa. j S:45 News. T:O0 News. I T :15 Farm and Home ProfTara. T JO Shady Valley, j T:4S MorninS Mooda. SO Good Ship Craea. S JSO Women's Way. i S:45 Wax Shop. A5-Strlcuy FersonaL SAO Pastors CalL as It's tbs Truth.! do News. :4SCampus TTeshman. 10)0 Hardy, News, j 10aS-Jack Barch. ; 100 Let's Be Charmins. llo Cedrte Foster. I 11:15 US Navy. ! 11J Skyline Serenade. 115 Around Town. : 11 :0O OrcanaUUes. i U:1S News. 12 30 Hillbilly Serenade. 10 News. Spotlight on Rhythm. 1:15 Lum n' Abner. 130 ruU Speed Ahead. JrOO Newi. ' SM Broadway Band Wafon. S:15 Don Lee Newareel. X :45 Radio Tour. 30-News. S M Concert Hour. 3:43 Johnson Family. earn ruiton Lewis. 4:15 News. 4 JO Lullaby In Rhythm. 4:45 Roundup Revelers. f:0O March MUltaire. S:15 Superman. . 5 JO Music. 8:45 Gordon Burke, i .00 Gabriel Heatter. as Believe It or Not JO Cote Glee Club. , :45 Sports. . I 0 Excursions In Science. 7:13 Commentary. 1 20 Interlude. 7 JO Cisco Kid. 0 Pick & Pat JO Art Wilson. 8:45 Music S. -00 News. S:15 Rex Miller. JO Fulton Lewis, i :45 Music MAO Wings Over West Coast 10 JO News. 10:45e-Musie. 11.-00 Sign OtL ! KOD4 CBS-THtnUDAT-SM Ke. 00 North west rarra Reporter. :1S Breakfast Bulletin. 24 Texas Rangers. :45 Koin Klock. T:15 News. . T JO News. T.-45 Melson Pringle. AO Consumer News. ' US VaMaat Lady. JO Stories America Levcs. HS Aunt Jenny. . Kate Smith Speaks. US Big Sister JO Romance of Helen Treat 8:45 Our Gal Sunday. 100 Life Can Be Beautiful. 10:15 Ma Perkins. IS 30 Bernadine Flynn. 185 The Goldberg. ll.-00-Portla Faces Life, lias Joyce Sordan. II JO Young Dr. Malone. HAS New UAO Mary Marlin. 1 ' Persons. News. U:l5-Nelghbors. 12 jo Bright He 13:45 Bacawlor-a ChUdreau 1 W) Broadway Matinee. 125 Air-Flo of the! Air. 1 JO Tales from Neat and Far SAO Open Door. f as Newspaper of the Air. ' 8:45 American Women. 3 AO-News. I SaS-SUta Traffic. I 3 JO Meet Pat Lynn. 3:45 World Today.! SJ5 News. I 4A0-Stars of Today. f 405 Bob Andersen, News. JO Tracer f Lost SAO Galea Drake,. as Red's Gang. - JO Harry Flanneryi a news.- 35 BUI Henry. AO Major Bowes. JO Dinah Shore. 7 AO The First Unel 7 JO Here's to Romance. 8 .CO I Love a Mystery. sua passing; parades JO Death Valley Days. s:s news. t AO Music v I :15 Dsn Harmon, f JO Orson Welles. 10 AO-Five Star Final! 10:15 Wartime Women 10 JO Gardening withf Bouquet ii xo vrcnestra, 11 JO Orchestra. 1145 Orchestra. 1155 News. 11 AO Serenade. 13J0-4A0 a jo. Music i and News. z! Time. Ladies. Review. 'TOCDOCS KCX BN THimSDAT UN Kb. AO-Musical Clock. S:l National Farm is Home. 8:45 Western Agriculture. 7 AO Home Harmonies. 7. AS Top o' the Uornisg. 7:15 News - j 7 JO James Abbe Observes. ' 7:45 The Listening Post AO Breakfast Club.j. AO Christian Science Program. 05 Voice of Experience. JO Breakfast at Sardl's. 10 AO News. i loas Sweet River. j 10 JO Ted Malone. 10 JS Buddy Twiss. J 11 AO Baukhag Talking. 11:15 The Mystery Chef. 11:30 Ladles Be Seated. 13 AO Songs, by Morton Downey. ij:is wonywooa 12 ao News. 1 AO Sam Hayes. 1:15 Bob Nichols. 1 JO Blue N 1 -OS What's Doinc 3 JO Voices in Harmony. S.-40 Laoor news. 3:45 Music 3 AO Grace Elliott , 3:15 News J JO Ho Hum. 3.-45 Music. 4 AO Kelly's Courtha 4 jo Hop namgan. 4:45 sea uound. AO Terry and the s as dick Tracy. ; JO Jack Artnstn :45 Captain Midnight AO-Schools at Wart JO SpoUIght Bands. 55 The Story Teller. 7 AO Raymond Gram i Swing. 7:15 Appointment for Life. 7 JO Red Ryder. i SAO News. E ' 1:15 Lum and Abner j sae oregon s uvn. AO stop ana uo.. JO News. ' ..... . i llw ATI DUCT. 10 AO America's Towfli' Meeting. li AO concert Hour. 10 AO School Program. 10 JO News. 10:45 Art Baker's Notebook. 11 AO The Guiding Light lias Today's Children. 11 JO Light ot the World, 11 AS Melodies of Heme. IS AO Women of America. 12:15 Ma Perkins. 13 JO Pepper Young's Family , 13.-45 Right to Happiness. 1A0 Backstase Wile. las Stella Dallas. I JO Lorenzo Jones. 1:45 Young Widder Brown. 3 AO When A Girl Marries. 3 as We Love and Learn. S JO Just Plain BUL 345 Front Page Farrett. SAO Road of Ufa. sas Vie and Sade. . 3 JO B. Boynton. 345 Rambling Reader. 4AO-X. Kate. 4ai .News of the World. 4 JO Carl Kalash Orchestra. SAO OK for Release. 8:15 Tunes at Sundown. 830 Day foster. Commentator. 8:45 Louis P. Lochner. AO Music Hall. JO Bob Burns. 7 AO Abbott and CosteDo. 7 JO March of Time. AO Fred Waring tn Pleasure rime as Night Editor. JO Coffee Tim. AO Aldrich Family. JO Ellery Queen. 10 AO News Flashes. 10 as Your Home Town News. 10:25 Labor News. 10 JO Charles La Vera, Singer. 1045 Voice ot A Nation. 11 AO Hotel Biltmor Orchestra II JO News. - 13A0 a a. m. Swing Shift KOAC THUXSDAT-5i Ke. IS AO News. 10:15 The Homemaker's Hour. 11 AO School of the Air. lias Melodies tor String. 11 JO Concert Halt 13 AO News. 13:15 Noon Farm Hour. 1 AO Rid in" the Rang, las Treasury Salute. 1 JO Variety Time. . SAO Home Garden Hour. 8 JO Memory Book ot Musle SAO News. 3:15 Musle Vi' 4 AO American Legion Auxiliary. Mrs. Stanley Krueger, Chair man juniors, saiem. 4:15 Latin American Neighbor. 4 JO Traffic Safety Quiz. 445 Excursions in Science". AS On the Upbeat 8 JO Story Tim. 45-Ifs Oregon's War. . as News. JO Evening Farm Hour. ; t JO University Hour. JO Oregon's Own. AO Music That Endures. JO News. .- . - :45 Evening Ueditatftans. 10AO-Sln Oft (Continued from Page I) learned: some things, and. work ers too . Then there is a broad-; er understanding of dvH rights, a realization that 1 we cannot deny at home. what we fight for abroad. ' ."..' " Fortunately, our; farm labor situation in Oregon was never serious as it was in California. It may' be due to the fact mat our agriculture is stni farmr family-sised rather than "cor pora tion" agriculture. At any rate there was almost none of the bitterness and violence that 'were reported in the state to the south. It is true that farm wages were low, but farm in come was very low too; New, of course, conditions are reversed and farm ages are at high levels. It will be well if the LaFol lette report does remala a his torical document, and that con ditions never revert . to . what they were la the depth cf the depression. For out of such ma terials revolutions of one a-tn or another come and society Is never sure just which way the ertaillrhei crZzr be vrset SOW NBC THUSiSDAT 428 8CS. 4 AO Dawn PatroL Is .525 Labor News. AO Mirth and JO News. - ' . 55 Labor News. 7 AO Journal ot Uvipf. : , 7 as News Headlines. 7 JO Charles Runysnl Organist 745 Sam Hayes. 1, . SAO Stars of Today.!' :18 James AbbeT News. , - JO Music of Vienna. , 45 David Harum. - r - SAO Personality Hour. - OPA Head Reports Many Overcharges CHICAGO. Awil 2ttPV-Ches- ter Bowles, administrator of the office of price administration, re ported here that "Hundreds of thousands - of overcharges were discovered in a recent check of prices in stores throughout the country. "From now on," Bowles stated, "These OPA volunteer price checkups will be made each month throughout the country." ; He said . members of volunteer price panels were engaging in monthly surveys In a nationwide drive to keep prices in line with OPA ceilings, and added that with the cooperation of all concerned We have made a lot of progress." Kelly, you may recall. Is Tech. Sgt Charles Edward.Kelly, other wise known as "Commando' Kel ly; "Killer" Kelly and "Slaugh ter" Kelly. He halls from Pitts burgh, Fa but some of the best Texans in the 36th division bail from Places like Pittsburgh, Pa. He won the congressional medal of honor for killing something like 35 Germans back at Alta villa last September and that. was only one of his many exploits. - The story about his decorations said he knocked out five of the Germans by tossing 60 hh. mor tar shells out a window at them and then the argument started. Some experts said it couldn't be done. Others said . "but not under those circumstances." Still others said "Oh, that's jusf another tali Texas tale." Which was a mistake. By this time Kelly had departed, for the states on rotation but the honor of the 36th division was at stake saf i today they staged a demon stration with a Texan named XL Sal va tore Uzze of Chiaago, m, officiating at the TNT table, Among those present were var ious ordnance experts, a ' couple of nervous newspapermen and Major General Fred L. Walker, the 36th division commander who knew all the time it could be done. In order to keep from elimin ating; all the witnesses to the de monstration, Uzze removed the half pound of explosives from the shells but left the detonator charge m place. Even experts agree that as; goes the detonator so goes the whole shell. If you're interested In technical aspects, he then removed the out- 4P Elects McLean s New President A !new erl YORK April 26-(P-Ilob- McLean of the Philadelphia Ef ening Bulletin was re-elected here as president and Frank B. Nyes of the Washington Star as honorary president of the Asso ciated Press. , : .. - ; i' The board of directors named Hbuston Harte of the San Angelo, TaL, Standard, iirst vice-president, and Norman Chandler of the Lis Angeles Times, second vice president, -,.' -: ; , Kent Cooper continues as exe cutive director and general man ager; Iioyd Stratton as secre tary; F. J. Starzell and Claude A. Jagger, assistant secretaries'; X. F. Citrus, treasurer; Alan J. Gould, assistant treasurer, and Robert B&oth, auditor. Allied Mine Laying ders Nazi Traffic Comrades Insist Sgt. Kelly ; Did Sling Those Mortar Slietts i " ' By KENNETH L, DIXON - A , WITH THE AEF IN ITALY, April i9-(Delayed)-ff-You can put it down in your little book-that Sgt.; Kelly did sling those 63 mm, mortar shells like grenades at; the Geiccuuur at Alta villa, regardless of what the experts say. ' !-;;; ''-i, vAnd if you want to argue the matter, argue it with the 36th division yourself, I won't. Those Texans; just love to convince somebody. I'm c-c-convinced." ' , t . ,, . . er safety j lock, the f propulsion charges and the cap which sets off the ' propulsion -charges just as Kelly could have done. " Then while strong men flinched he grabbed the thin missle around its fat middle and banged its bot tom against a nearby concrete wall whereupon more technical1 devel opments .transpired.' The secon dary safety lock was knocked out by the jar. Then he dropped the shell on its nose and the deton ator exploded. Lt TJzze went on to explain that a misunderstanding over how a mortar . shell operates was the cause of the argument! But the finer points of bis dissertation were wasted on most of his au dience! because he kept banging I more shells on their bottoms and . then dropping them on their no ses. It ; was distracting, j 3 He also explained that Sgt Kel ly, besides knowing his mortar shellsj must have known was a chancct he was taking banging the loaded; ones around. One of them might have hit a pebble and gone off in! his hands, in which case any Kelly award would of neces sity have been posthumous. Or just the propulsion charges would have gone off, which would have scorched the sergeant more than somewhat However, he had burned out all his guns and the Germans were coming, and he probably decided it was six of one and half a dozen of another. Anyhow the the honor of Kelly and the 36th division has been saved (not that it ever needed saving) by the Texan from Chi cago who convinced the experts here today the Texan from Pitts burgh could have done it , And any other , doubting ex perts j haven't got a leg left to stand on for they weren't there at'Altavilla, and Commando Kelly was. I ' ww run All time TOCKHOLM, April 28 -UP) ied aerial mine laying in the Baltic sea has paralyzed surface traffic between southern Sweden a4d Germany. iTwenty merchantmen were tied up today at the Trelleborg quay awaiting removal of the mines by the Germans. jThe opinion of Swedish mari- e quarters is that allied mines are of. new construction, making them more difficult to remove. cjwixin New President 0f RepublicaifeGiib NEW YORK, April 26 P Rilph .W. Gwinn of Bronx ville, NY lawyer, author, farmer and business man has been elected president of the National Repub lican club. He succeeds Thomas jJCurran, New York, chairman of the New York County Republican The Safety Valve Letters from Statesman Resders To the Editor: : Western Oregon and Wash- ' ington contain one-fourth of old . growth timber in the United States. The discovery of some 2000f new uses for wood offers : new opportunities for . Oregon industries. Among them are plants for the production of su- , gar, alcohol and plastic from tree: formerly considered of lit tle value used only for fuel. Such new uses of wood will decrease waste of trees by 60 per pent; and will improve the industry and bring about better conservation and aid the keep ing pt forest land in maximum production. The new chemical treatment, which makes wood nearly as hard as steel will produce new kinds of hardwood, better, hard er and more beautiful than nat ural wood. The state of Oregon must do its part to encourage and ad vance the -production of such new products in all the com munities of our commonwelath. The major plant at Spring field in the Willamette valley for production of ethyl alcohol from logging , operations and farm waste should be enlarged and operated on a high product ive basis so as to produce large quantities of cheap alcohol used in the noamifacture of smoke less powder, butadine, the base of synthetic rubber and various other purposes. CORNELIUS ODONOVAN 210 Postal Building, Portland, Oregon. Stevens - ... v Pearls Single, double and triple) strand In lovely natural and "soft pastel colors. A must ' for your new sjaing suit " (I Credit v If DesirtJ i iiiiiii i ; , ; , .-. . ,; , - j 1S3 Vo. Liberty ; 1 . Picas IIU