1 ; I P f 7caihcr - . . I i Saturday maximum tern I yen tare 74, mlnlraam 35. j Elver . ft . Cloady northern part Sun- I day and ever state Monday. Showers ever and west of Cascades beginning Sunday night. Cooler west el Cas cades. : 1(1 IrK PCUND2D :C31 I Nil- SCI 9D -r 11 O'V V Vi I I .IV I V VS vj. '! it' if it i ; ' One of the opinion polling or- g animations comes tip with find ings that the average American is confused regarding the bill of rights. The poll statistics showed that 23 per cent of persons in - terviewed said t h e y had never heard of the bill of r i g h t s or weren't sure they had: 3 per cent had heard of the bill of rights but could not identify it; ; 15 per cent gave confused or in . correct identifications; and 23 per , cent gave response indicating -a reasonably accurate idea of the content of the bill of rights. - Now if we were to look at the , ,s cold statistics we wpuldj ..conclude , that the American I people are very ignorant of vitally important .-facts about their government and :. J' its fundamental. laws. While it.is true that as to "book knowledge' the score would be not nearly as high as we would, like on -any . test, the fact is that most people 'have a practical working under ! standing of the contents of the bill of rights even if .they, can't ' tell the .story of; its origin or , where it is set forth. ' I Whato . I meant , Simply this, - : that people know they can say their piece without, interference, r that they can go, to any church they want to, that they can write and publish their, opinions,, sub i ject only to limits of decency and laws of libel, and, in wartime, the national security. , Here's a crowd of men, they are talking on various topics, , One of them "sounds off' and ' vents his feelings With some Ve hemence. Some one else rejoins j and tells ,him to shut up. What does he say? Why, he promptly i- replies, "This is a free country, ain't it?" So it is, and so does Mr. John Citizen know it. . : i The citizen knows that there Is freedom of religion in this ' country, that there is no state : church, that he can attend church or not as he' pleases. He also knows that he can't interfere with the rights of others to at , tend church of their choosing. The r phrase "this is a (Continued on Editorial Page) Senator Bone To Succeed j - -T. yt 1 ' ' f- ' J udge 'tian&fc H ry f ;i f WASHINGTON, ! AprU 1 -P) President Roosevelt, appointed 61 ear old Senator Homer T. Bone . (U-Wash.) a judge of the ninth circuit court of appeals today and 12 minutes after the nomination was received the senate confirmed it unanimously. . j : - j none s acceptance , of the . ap : pointment and " subsequent taking : of the oath, of office to succeed the late Judge Bert E. Haney ' would remove from the senate one of the president's staunchest sup porters and open the war for the appointment by republican ' Gov. Arthur B. Langlie of Washington f a new republican senator. This would reduce the i democratic 37 republicans and one progres I Bone, now in r M said he had no statement n when he would' take his new office but tlere were rxrts he -rlv.'. Wl repo" "e ."t. . y uie Kuveniur. none aoes not 01 ficially leave the senate until he : takes the oath as judge and there have been instances where a court appointee continued to function : for several months as a member of congress. ; i Bone s appointment l e 1 1 the Washington politipal : situation up ' in the air, inasmuch as the senator ; had been expected to be a candi date for reelection. ! ; There were indications Reps. Coffee and Magnuson, Washing' ton house members, might become candidates for the democratic sen atorial nomination in a state where the republicans won . the governorship but lost the senator ial race in 1940. Service Vote Sets Problem WASHINGTON, April 1 -(H The armed forces set "out today gave vote of confidence to the to solve a new supply problem state executive board here Sat how to get ballots as well as bul- urday in decisively defeating a re lets to those of the more than solution opposing the action ot 10,000,000 service folk who want to "?ote. .! President Roosevelt having per- mitted the compromise service suf- Resolutions adopted at the state frage bill to become law without convention had divided, one favor his signature, army and navy ex- ing, by a small vote, an anti sub- perts were in a series of huddles today to plan the distribution of the ballots and arrange for get ting the votes back to the home states. Because the army has more men and also because the roving life el a sailor may Interfere some - what with his vote casting the r rmy likely will have the bigsest iob. It will be Up to the army postal tervice to get the ballots overseas r.nd bring them back, This also involves the transportation corps, rs worry is mail f shipping KEJETY-THIBD YEAH Truk Gets 5th Maid in 72 Hours Japs Send Up Night Fighters Air Blows Tied . Up With Navy's Attack on Palau ' By REMBERT JAMES US PACIFIC FLEET HEAD- QUARTERS, Pearl Harbor, Ap ril - l-i-Brushing aside Jap anese night . fighters, " army bombers - gave Truk its fifth pounding in, less than 72 hours, Admiral Chester Nimitz an nounced today, This time' it was ia a night attack Thursday (US time) that set off explosions, damaged an air strip and barracks. It was the first time the enemy has been re ported using night fighters from the Truk bases. Seventh air force Liberators bombed Dublon Moen and Eten islands in the Truk lagoon, hitting the Moen barracks areas and air strip. The Japanese ! on Truk have been hit from two sides by land based planes in raids which began Tuesday (US time) These aerial blows were co ordinated ; with t the strike by : American naval task forces on Palaa, Japan's strongest guard Ian of the road to the. Philip-" pines. . - . . i ' The army Liberators, making their. third night strike at Truk, encountered only; two Japanese night fighters. They failed to' bring down any of the raiders. ' The. rare report that the Japa- nese were using night fighters vas npse using xugm xigaiers as ifilSi4 night strikes- have been baving . a damaging effect It also showed that the Japanese are preparing defense measures with the evident expectation of continued Amer- I ican aerial attrition of the central Caroline base. ' ' ' ' A: With bombers coming , over nightly from the northeast and in the daytime from the south, the big Japanese stronghold has now been caught in a squeeze play by the same fliers who have been so successful against the enemy in the Marshalls and in New Guinea.' Besides the operations against Truk . Adm. Nimlti and Gen. : Deoglaa . MaeArthnr disclosed that other attacks were direct- . ed against Woleal and Eaoripak. 1 ito JlaltS IN SLZl Bosnia Thrust iipru -vnTaran Tito (Josip Broz). announced to- LONDON, April l--Marshal German, and the . forces ot Mar I shal Milan Nedic, i premier of the puppet cabmet m Yugoslavia, to penetrate further into liberated territory in east Bosnia - Tito's communique, broadcast by the free Yugoslav radio and recorded here, said that battles were continuing in east Bosnia but that Nedic's forces had suf fered heavy losses ' and been thrown back across the Drina riv er after they had penetrated near Ljubovija in Bosnia with German aid. Two german trains were de stroyed on the Zagreb - Belgrade line, the war bulletin said. . Farmers U hi 6ri Defeats Anti-Subsidy Resolution WOODBURN, Apnl 1 The Marion County Farmers Union I the state board in Interpreting the state convenuon as naving la- vored subsidies. ; sidy bill which was no longer, be- fore congress, while other reso lutions favored retention of sub sidies. ) After the " convention the state executive board met and ad- opted a resolution stating it would consider the convention as having 1 iavorea wiecuve wmiaia. s , I Wendell E. Barnett, president of the Marion County Union, presid I ed at the meeting. More inan iso were in attendance at ue meeung held In the IOOF hall and 14 of the 19 Marion county locals were represented. Dinner was served at noon. The next meeting will be held July 1 ia Ealem when it is 33 PAGES Jap Headquarters in Pcdau lslands Palau Attack Called Among Navy's Greatest SAN FRANCISCO, AprU lP) The assault on the Japanese nav al stronghold of Palau, near the Philippines,": by powerful Amer ican task forces was "described as one of the greatest surface and naval bombardments ever staged by the navy," stated a New Gui nea air base dispatch received to day from Olen Clements, Asso ciated Press war correspondent This was the first Intimation front - any '; Quarters that . the huge armada, which opened the miles of i the . Philippines, had. moved near enoagh to Palaa to shell that-stronghold. , ,- . -v . Clements mentioned the nature of the attack in a March 31 dis patch; dealing with a supporting raid by . planes of GenT Douglas MacArthur on the enemy air base of Hollandisi, New Guinea. The attack on ttollandia (Fri day)," Clements wrote,- "was all a pari of the widespread attack on the Japs at Palau far west of bat tered Truk The smashing blow. by Mac Arthur's airmen pinned down the Jap attacking planes and enabled (Adm. Chester W.) Nimitiz great task force of carriers and heavy warships to carry put its mission, described as one of the- greatest surface and . naval i bombardments ever staged by the. navy." Clements did not state who made i the description. Democratic Convention Date Can't Be Changed .WASHIllaTONa April Democratic, ; committee officials said today it will be impossible to change the July 19 date for start ing the party's national conven tion in Chicago because arrange ments have been ; completed for that date. '' - - l. . .: They made this known in com menting on reports from the west coast that the date conflicts with California state party conventions, fixed by law for July 20, and with July 22 primaries in Texas, r hoped the Farmers Union hall will be completed and ready for use. Ronald . Jones, state vice president of the Farmers Union and chairman of the county legis lative committee, was reappointed to that committee by Barnett. Oth er members of the group named were C H. Wilcox of Marion; Howard Mader, Junior state presi dent, member of the Bethel local; An tone , visuca, ml Angel; Jake Gilmour, Sidney-Talbot; P. C Mc- Loughlin, H. Kiefer and C. . Lewi ::;;). ;; i f :; In appointing the standing com mittees Barnett said he was nam ing some t the old group to work with new members for the gen eral ' good of all. : Gus Schlicker made , the report for the agricul ture committee and was renamed to that group together with Elton Watts; Lauren Stettler, Leonard Zielke, Gall (Cuts worth and D. I St. Johns. Birdie Crabtree reported for the educational committee and i . (Turn t Page 2 Eicrj A) Scdem, Oregon, Sunday Morning, April 2, 1344 0 5pq MM.IS Af KXiATOa MARIANAS : IS . : U PHILIPPINE IS. PALAU -t i wri IDavao CAROLINE L MOLUCCA IS. : ""'j n?W ?tss43iSB v solomom . OUINfAi lOiiSiif. TifW ISLANDS American warships: altackei the' Japatttse" naval' base! of Palan, less " "thai 600 miles from the Philippines;! what late Information yes terday described as "one of the -greatest sarf ace and naval bom ' bardments ever staged by the navy. Photo above shews the Inner 'harbor at Korror In the; Palaa Islands whew are located the Jap . administrative headquarters for their mandated Islands. Photo was made by Dr. Albert W. Herre, anthropologist of Palo Alto, Calif. Blap shews the central Pacific theatre where allied offensives have suddenly moved closer to .Japan. Farm Defermen Is Left To Local Draft Boards WASHINGTON, April its system of judging farm workers by units of production but at the same ' took : steps to draft as! possible under legal restrictions. j V- ! , . The action restored to local draft boards discretion as to tjefer- ments in agriculture, in line with a prediction by Senator : Russell (D-Ga.), Telegrams went to all state draft directors emphasizing that under the Tydings amendments a farm worker; must show that he is ir replaceable and regularly engaged In an agricultural i endeavor. ; es- sential to the war effort State directors were instructed to make certain that the ; local boards ( ufctierstand .. the 7 urgent need for men under 26 for com bat, a - need , which V President Roosevelt . and ; the armed forces have stressed.':'" .f- r i-..' Under "war unit system? a farm worker was supposed to produce 16 units before earning deferment An! elaborate scale of war units, in terms i of various ; crops and kinds of livestock, was worked out by the war food administration. There were objections by some members of - congress from farm states that the system was unfair, and Senator Russell announced this C week v that ?- Hershey had agreed to withdraw it'; . ' Today's telegram to state di rectors called for ."strict applica tion of the Tydings amendment including the provision which says that a man who leaves agricul ture without determination by his local board that such action is in thelnational interest will be im mediately placed m a class avail able for Induction." ; - . For more' than a year, regular. essential farm workers have been protected from the draft by an amendment to the ; selective ser vice act introduced by Senator Tydings (D-Md). " Today's order ' provided that men ' now ia 4-F (unfit for ser - (Turn to Page 3 Story VLY Julius Gebring IQIled In European Crash ; ; S1LVERTON Julius, Gehting has' had word from Switzerland telling him of the death ia an airplane crash of his nephew, Lt Gotthold Gehring. He is survived by a brother, also a lieutenant la the army air corps. ' m; "" Pacific Ocean f GUAM CNIWETOK UJCLANC n .PONAPE . KUSAH ADMIftAlTV (AP Wlrepbetos)! ' ISLANDS l-(P)-Seiective service today, scrapped as many of these registrants British Strike . Cost Mounts LONDON, April l-iP)-Britain is heading for invasion day faced with a mounting handicap of strikes ln vital, industry, , which made March probably, the worst month of the war in the number of men idle and working days lost The time has been lost despite efforts of the labor unions to keep the men at work.' 1 Three major strikes alone- two of which are continuing in volved at least 235,000 . men and cost well over 1,000,000 work days, according to unofficial but conser vative estimates. ; t 1 if . " . ' This was more than double the official total announced by the la bor ministry today ''for, February 272,000 working days lost in strikes- involving 102,000 workers. None of the present walkouts have been union-called or the re sult of jurisdictional disputes. In every case, the labor unions have counseled against a walkout and have urged mediation to maintain war production while a settlement is being worked out ; r. ; However, the estimated'March loss of man hours was greater than the strike total for the entire year of 1941, to which coal field disputes contributed about half of the 999,000 working days lost Snow at Crater Lake - Only Half of Ust Year' -MEDFORD, Ore, Aprfl' 1 -&) Snow depth in Crater Lake Nation al park is only half what it was-a year ago and motorists should be able to reach the lake in about six weeks, rangers today. Snow surveys V week showed 58 inches rr,cLLx en the Anne Springs ski "cours 3 compared . to 115 inches tt the corresponding time last year. 1 US -Fliers Hit Svi " sJ'- ' ''k..-. f: ' By Error 50 Killed; 150 Injured; Bad - Weather Blamed . , . - " - By AUSTIN BEALMEAR i ' LONDON, April 1 Am-' erican Liberators ) bombed in dustrial and communications targets deep In southwest Ger many today and some of their number accidentally, dropped in cendiaries on the' border city of Schaf fhausen . I in ; ' neutral Switzerland,' -causing" 36 to 50 deaths and heavy . damage. . , r . A US army communique in re porting on .' the day's operations announced that some bombs , had hit Swiss territory, blaming navt gational difficulties induced by bad . weather. -; , It did not further identify the area in which the accidental bom bardment occurred nor list the German targets of the fighter-escorted Liberators:" 'Thomas F. Hawkins, Associat ed Press correspondent,: in a dis patch from the Swiss city which is near lake Constance on the Ger man frontier, definitely ' declared that Schaffhausen , was hit and said at least 38 persons were killed and ' 150 injured. A Swiss com munique said 30 American planes participated in the accidental bombing of Schaffhausen. f Thirteen bombers and four fighters failed to return from the operations, which included straf ing attacks on enemy airfields by the escorting American fighters. Latest Swiss broadcasts placed the death ton at 50, with others burled .under the debris. Swiss.' reports also said the .bombing' had - caused considerable: dam-1 (Turn to Page 2 Story C) - 4 Allies Down : : 82 Jap Planes': By MURLIN SPENCER S ALLIED! HEADQUARTERS, Southwest Pacific, Sunday, 5 April 2-Eighty two Japanese" planes were .destroyed in the air and on the ground as Gen. Douglas Mac- Arthur's bomber squadrons again smashed Japanese strongholds at Holiandia, ; Dutch New Guinea, and Truk, in the Caroline islands. Continuing what are beginnmg to appear to be daily raids on these far : distant bases, one of the strongest forces of bombers ever sent out in the southwest Pacific smashed 57 enemy bomb ers and fighters on the ground at Holiandia, on the north coast of Dutch New Guinea, and shot down 14 intercepting fighters. I . "Only one-third "of the enemy aircraft gathered at . this base for aerial reinforcement in this sec-? tor now remains serviceable,' Gen eral MacArthur said after the Hoi-? landia raid Friday. ' T The allied bombers have rained destructive loads of ; Holiandia, Aitape and Wewak frequently in recent days. Aitape and Wewak are other - enemy bases on ithe coast to the east of Holiandia. These , strongpoints constitute the enemy's last remaining hold Ion the eastern segment of New Guin ea's northern coastline.-In a raid on Holiandia Wednesday 108 grounded planes were destroyed and 10 enemy intercepting planes shot down. - " Ward 3 Lacking Council Candidate; Time Short ' By ISABEL CHILDS ; The B p. tn. Tuesday deadline for-Cling now " only matter of hours' distant one" Salem ward is still without a candidate for al derman though not without pros pects, . and no aspirant for ithe mayor's chair has yet donned the; mantle of . the J so-called ' beer barons." t-'v.'1 -When the city recorder's office closed Saturday noon ; there had been no declaration from any can didate for the third ward ; post now held by Lloyd T. Rigdon. Al though Rlgdon had previously de clared he had . no Intentions of running, he said Saturday tight that no suitable person appear ing, he would become a candidate. ' Although the past week brought competition for Mayor L M Doughton with the filing of Doug las Yeater, the electrical goods dealer was not persuaded to en ter the race by the element which early this year Indicated that it miht back a "more liberal" man than Doughton for the effice. Pxtcft 5c Soviets . Closing Trap From All - Nazi Loss Said Tremendous; Berlin Reports Reds Reach i Mountain Pass to Hungary . ; .. By TOM VaRBROUGH ' ; LONDON, ; Sunday, April 2H-The red army smashed to within 24 miles oi Odessa yesterday, racing through nearly 200 villages on a 175-mile front above that imperilled naval base and inflicting "tremendous losses", cn axis troops retreating to ward the Black sea, Moscow announced today, ... ;: Badly mauled axis ' columns caught on the east bank of the ' Tiligul estuary northeast of Odessa were wiped out, said a mid night Soviet bulletin, as the Russians swept on over coastal and interior roads littered with hundreds of German and Rumanian ; Allies Lash Out To Gain Mile At Italian Front By EDWARD KENNEDY ALLIED HEADQUARTERS, Naples, April l-i-Fifth army troops lashing out suddenly un der thundering artillery support have , punched forward one mile and seized 5500-foot Mt Marrone IS miles northeast of Cassino, par tially straightening the allied line above .that battle : - deadlocked town, It was disclosed today. - The rugged - terrain argues against any major drive north " ward in that sector, but straight ening of the front is "of valae and the operations . are engag ing a German force.' Mt Mar- rone hree miles wesi of Koe i ehetta,- dominate orach tf . the Verrechia vaDey. w; !' . The lull along the Italian fronts was broken by this surprise push along ythe spiny Apennine back bone running through the center of the peninsula. The attack struck between the allied salients driven into the Cassino area and the AI fedna fegionl' - . il , ' Besides, assaulting Mt Marrone Chestnut mountain the troops, whose nationality was not disclos ed, : also attacked the towns of Pizzone and San .' Michele two miles to the northeast T " i; . At latest reports, fighting was (Turn to Page 2-Stbry X) Japs Advance On India' Front By CHARLES A. GRUNICH NEW DELHI, April l-;P)-rThe Japanese have advanced from the northeast in . their offensive into India towards Imphal, but allied troops have battled the enemy to a standstill in other sectors of the fluid North Burma battlefront and are inflicting increasingly heavy casualties, a southeast Asia com munique indicated today. . In the vicinity of UhkruL 32 miles northeast of Imphal, the Ja panese made advances, the extent of which was not specified, in their drive against the Manipur plains road above Imphal. At the same time, the allied communique said, there was se vere fighting in the hill tracts east of Kohima, 60 miles north of Im (Turn to Page 2 Story B) , Street . corner prognostics tors figured Saturday that ' the clique would split oyer the two 'candi dates,' giving neither united sup port ('- ; ;-; v. v -' : ': : - ." Possibility that there might be a third man on the May ballot for the job of mayor was foreseen Saturday with the appearance of Edward E. Gerlinger, 70S North Cottage street at the city hall to request and receive the forms ne cessary in filing for the office. Gerlinger," salesman for the Sa lem Steel & Supply company, lat er declared he had considered be coming a candidate but had almost decided not to make the race. " Tom Armstrong, alderman from the sixth ward, a position now sought' by . the former alderman and one-time city attorney, fred Williams, yesterday filed for re election. Edward Majek, insurance man, ; entered - his name for , the place now held by Howard Maple, who has already declared himself a candidate for reelection. : (Turn to Pge 2 Story D) No. 319 Sides ' it- j. . . i'. ,i . Qdead and wrecked axis eouipment : In one sector an 'entire Ru manian battalion deserted the . Germans and "came ever to the red army,"; Moscow said, and - large groups of Rumanians also were surrendering : in ether ' areas as powerful soviet forces steadily herded the. enemy Into the Odessa bottleneck and moved swiftly In the west to cut off the last raU escape - rentes Into Rumania. In the northwest the Russians fought their way into Khotin, cap turing the southern and central parts of that town astride the last German escape route out of the Kaments-Podolsk pocket just above the middle Dniester river in the ! southwestern ; corner of the Ukraine. A total of 3300 Germans were killed or surrendered in that area during the ; day, the com munique said.' : . ? Driving southward in Bessara bia tand western Russia toward Kishinev and Tiraspol the Bus sians. gained II miles on a 75 nol6 front and moved to within 45 miles of Radelznaya," key raU junction east of Tiraspol ' which ! (Turn to Page 2 Story F) Moscow Said Set to Modify Finnish Terms 'f t By EDWIN SHANKS STOCKHOLM, Sunday, April I S (P-i Russia was understood in re liable quarters today to have ex pressed a willingness .to allow Fin land: to retain the Hangoe penin sula land the city of Viipuri in 'a modification of the soviet armis tice terms handed to Dr. Juho K. Paasikivi of Finland. j Dr. Paasikivi, who has been in Moscow since Wednesday, was re ported to have obtained the modi fications after Finland rejected the original Russian terms. 1. The Finnish parliament will meet Monday to hear; what was described as "an Important gov ' eminent announcement" 1 While reported to be willing to forego claims on Viipuri and Han goe, the Russians were said re liably to have set a high repara tions claim for Finland . to , pay and several Finns expressed fear '(Turn to Page 2 Story G) Solons Want Summer Off WASHINGTON, April 1 -tiP)- Congress may spend: the third summer of war at home, with a majority of ; its members . cam paigning for reelection, if leaders can iwhip major legislation through in time for a June or July ' recess. : .!' .. L - l - With , the republican national convention set. for June 26 and the democratic meeting July IS, Majority ;Xeader,BarkIey (Ky)f said he saw no reason why a sum-: mer recess couldn't be taken, if th legislative 'situation permits. r Congress closed up shop today un til April 12 for an Easter recess. -. "If we can get necessary legis lation passed," Barkley said, "wo probably can go home. I have a feeling that the war will go right along whether congress is in ses sion or not" , ". - .'a . ; . In the past 'republicans gener ally, have contended congress should remain on call, but they agreed to a recess last summer, . with the proviso that leaders coukt summon members If an emergen- -cy arose.: .!"::G'.V.Vj " w '"Something of the same nature, may be attempted this year, but most members will want a vaca tion extending through the No- v ember T general election. " The seats of all house rr.rrr.bers and 21 of the $3 senators are at stake, j j