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ninety nnnD yeah
Salem. Oregon. Sunday Morning, Angus 22. 1S43
Price 5c
Ho. 127
sww s mm-mmmm "
It is over a century ago now
since Harriet Martineau, an Eng
lish writer who must have been a
tort of Dorothy Thompson in her
day, visited. America , and pub
lished her notes on travel in this
country- Miss Martineau was hard
of hearing, but her vision was ex
cellent and her intelligence keen,
to her, observations make inter
esting reading even today. And
she was far more emphatic . with
the America of the 1830's than
was Charles Dickens, who pub
lished his "American Notes" Just
a few years later, a book which
still irritates American natives.
One of Miss Martineau's discov
eries was green corn, "roasting
cars' to all of us. She writes in
her "Retrospect of American Tra
vel:' ;. ;;y;vvv " . v
, "This day, I remember, we first
tasted green corn, one of the most
delicious of vegetables, and by
some preferred to green peas. The
greatest drawback is the way in
which it is necessary to eat it The
cob, eight or ten inches long, is
held at both ends, and, having
been previously sprinkled with
salt, is nibbled and sucked, from
end to end. till all the grains are
got but It looks awkward enough;
but what is to be done? Surren
dering such a vegetable from con
siderations of Krace is not to be
thought of." f
( Ah, Harriet, how accurate you
were a century ago! -Green corn
presents the same social problems
it did when you discovered it on
the continent of its origin. It is
still most delectable; but eating
it remains the ordeal which you
experienced.' Only one thing has
been added to your, description, in
the whole century, Harriet, and
that is butter; sweet butter to fla
vor the grain and retain the salt.
In the century there Irave been
various attempts to -socialize - roe
eating of green corn. Silver grip
pers on the ends or tiried forks
for holders most everything
thought of has been tried:, but: the
tools proved such an 'affectation
that Americans reverted ,to fin
gers and thumbs. The process of
eating corn-on-the-cob remains the
same as it was when the Indiana
. (Continued on Editorial page)
Labor Party
Seems Elected
In Australia
MELBOURNE, Australia, Aug
ust 22 ( Sunday ) (JPy-, The re
turn to power of a strengthened
labor-party government appeared
in prospect for Australia Sunday
on the basis of preliminary returns
from the first ; general election
since 1940.
There were indications, as the
count on yesterday's balloting pro
gressed, that Prime Minister Cur
tin's laborites would win a clear
working majority in the house. The
leader of the largest party group
In the house customarily is asked
to form the government.
' The labor, party in the, recent
house had but 36 of its 75 mem
bers. ; A coalition group had an
other 30. ; The balance of power
was held by independents which
.voted with the labor government
,. There appeared a .strong pos
sibility today that labor would
gain from 8 to 14 seats. Curtin
held a comfortable lead , in bis
home constituency of western Aus
tralia, and labor ministers ap
peared running strongly. -
Arthur Fadden, opposition par
ty leader, also appeared to retain
ing his house seat in comparatively
close -returns from Queensland.
JRann Pirhpr
jm mm m mr m m m
Up Again,
: For the reason that picking was
Interrupted Saturday whereas the
maturing of the crop waa not, the
demand for bean pickers if re
sumption i is possible will be
greater than was previously est!
mated, the emergency farm labor!
service announces.
" Saturday's interruption caused
der to keep abreast of the crop's
maturing, harvesting should con
tinue today; Trucks will call at
the employment office and at three
other pickup points throughout
the city at 6:30 a. nas usual. :
Though a: considerable demand
lor drive-out pickers i today is
probable, the farm labor servTces
previous advicev to 'obtain direc
tions before starting the tria t0
the bean-growing areas, still holds
good. Information as to location
cf fields where pickers are need
ed may be obtained by telephon
ing the employment office, S287,
between and 9 ajn. .
Growers anxiety to get the
Mir Assarts Go
Full Blast Om
Souths
! Navies Pour Broadsides '
I Into Coastal Targets: ;
I Nazis Send Strong Air Arm r
I " " j- .;. By RELMAN MORIN 4 ? 1 V
! ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN NORTH AFRICA, August 21
(JPy-The air battle for southern Italy is going full tilt four days
after the fall of SicUy. . . . - - . 1 ' - -'f
i Air Chief Marshal Sir Arthur Tedder's flying buzzsaw which
forced the "surrender r Pantelleria and cut Sicily's 'cornrnunica
tions to pieces before the invasionis ripping at long range Into
the vital connecting links betweennorthern and southern. Italy
around Naples. . ' T . ! '
Close at hand round-the-clock
nonade and bombardment of vul-
nerable paints of the railway and
highway networks. - '
i The waves- ef fire " from, the
ky are bems. supplemented by
naval forces' which' nave with
Impunity along the IUlian eeast,
pouring broadsides Into targets
which can be reached from the
sea. ,
J American warships shelled Gi
ota'Tauro, 20 miles northeast of
Messina, and set fires raging am
ong fortified points and railway
objectives yesterday in the latest
Of .these naval attacks, allied head
quarters announced today. Brit
ish sea forces; sank seven landing
craft, off Scalea "farther north in
another close-yangejencounter the
preceding night, '- ,
. . Along the northern side of the
triangle waves of Mitchell, Ma
rauder and Wellington bombers,
with their Lightning escorts,
spread a creeping paralysis on
Italy's rail system.
Leaving Foggia, one of the four
chief railway bottlenecks in Italy,
to smoulder in its ruin from the
biggest air assault of the Medi
terranean war two days ago, the
air forces switched yesterday t to
the Naples area and blasted re
peatedly at A versa, Benevento
and Villa Literno.
The Germans threw strong
forces af fighters into the battle
to stop the destruction, 4t to 5
rtstog at Avers alone to tarn
aside the attack.
1 But the allied air fleets knock-"!
ed down 14 of the enemy, while
losing 10 of their own.
i At A versa, 20 miles north of
Naples, allied airmen saw tum
bled tracks, cars bursting into
flames, violent explosions shaking
large buildings to . pieces,' incen
diary bombs turning . military
warehouses into , torches,, hits on
the gas works and utilities. The
airmen said . there was ; no doubt
the main railway running north
from Naples to Rome was broken
at least temporarily. :
'BUly Phelps, Famed
Yale Man, Dies
; NEW HAVEN, Conn., Aug. 21
(JP) Dr. William Lyon Phelps, 78,
Yale's unofficial Mambassador-at-large,
distinguished l man of let
ters, author, lecturer and intimate
of the great in all .fields of en
deavor, died Saturday at his home
two months after he suffered a
stroke. . .
Demnnrl Is
a . m r mmm sm m mr mms .
Announced
beans harvested as fast as they
mature is motivated in part by
realization' that the harvesting of
other crops will soon begin "to
compete for the available supply
of workers. Starting Monday if not
today, the bean growers will need
all the pickers likely to be avail
able - " v -
; In order to take advantage of
the 'part-time assistance ' house
wives are able to give,' one grower
has been operating the "house
Wife special for several days In
the past jweek.. The jproup-leaves
the ' employment . office at 9:30 ' a.
m. and returns between 4:30 and
5 p.m. An earlier return was nec
essary Saturday but hiost of the
women are planning to go again
Monday if conditions make it pos
sible. In case of uncertainty on
this point, those planning to go
are advised to telephone 8287 and
obtain information - as to . the
"housewife special's schedule for
the day.
Italy
patrols are maintaining a can
Litvinoff Gets
as
Envoy to US
LONDON, Sunday, Aug. 22-(JP)
The Soviet government in a sur
prise move today relieved its sec
ond important allied ambassador
of his post tonight by replacing
Maxim Litvinoff, Russian ambas
sador to - the United States, with
Andrei. A. Gromyko,' now coun-
1 eelor of the soviet embassy in
Washington. f - 4
- A curt communique broadcast
by Moscow radio and recorded by
the soviet monitor - gave no ex
planation for the move.
Litvinoff returned to Russia for
consultation last May although
the British-born Mrs.; Litvinoff,
the former Ivy Low, remained in
Washington. : ;
Only last month Ivan Maisky,
ambassador to London was re
placed after years in England. :
1 Although the brief t announce
ment that Litvinoff had been "re
lieved of his post" gave no hint
of the plans in store for him, it
was considered possible in Lon
don today that Moscow has an
important post at.home for a man
with his background of world af
fairs, particularly those of the
United States.
Russia's diplomatic representa
tion with her two principal allies
thus no longer is In the hands of
men whose names have become
familiar in the news.
Tbew development followed
RussiairYress caWs for the allies
to opena5 second front in west
era Europe to draw of f the bugei
German forces battling: in Russia.
It came, too, as President Roose
velt and Prime Minister Church
ill were holding their vital war
conferences at Quebec with Brit
ish, American and Canadian war
leaders.
; Lack of Russian representation
at Quebec has caused widespread
comment in both allied and axis
capitals, the f enemy, of -course,
taking the , line that there were
serious divisions within the
United Nations' camp. A recent
Moscow ; announcement declared
Russia had not been invited to
the meeting.
Litvinoff, now 67 years old, has
been" a spectacular-figure in Sov
iet foreign; affairs, whose" politi
cal rise and ' fall has coincided
with important changes in foreign
policy. f- n; - -:S m-
He arrived in the United States
one day before. Pearl Harbor to
represent his government during
the months when the - American
government was forced to ' take
the defensive' in the Pacific war
with Japan. ' ' ' 'r' f-
He has long been ' the most
prominent Soviet advocate of col
lective security and close rela
tions with Britain and the United
States. He was people's commissar
for foreign affairs ; fori a decade
until he resigned .Just before Europe-
went- to war.vh-'W " -P .
k He had been in the midst of
negotiations with -. Britain and
France for a general mutual assis
tance pact when lie was replaced
byrVyacheslaff Molotov. The mys
tery of that move ; was - solved
when the Kremlin reversed lis
enure poucy ana signed a non-
aggression pact with Germany in
August,5 1939. The German-Brit
ish-French conflict began the fol
lowing month and Litvinoff re
tired to virtual seclusion.
Replaced
63vPlanes
Of Japs : :
Destroyed
: Yanks Continue
Aerial Assault
At New Guinea .
k, - - -
i - By WILLIAM. F. BONI 1
; ALLIED HEADQUARTERS
IN THE SOUTHWEST PACIF-
IC, Sunday, August 22(P-Thir-ty-three
Japanese planes were
shot out of the sky and 34 left
in flames on the ground at We-
wak, New Guinea, Saturday by
American , Mitchell bombers and
Lightning fighters to increase ene
my losses there since Tuesday, to
more than 300. .-":
Attacking air reenf orcements
which t the persistent Japanese
moved in to replace a fleet vir
tually wiped out earlier in the
week, the Mitchells went after the
grounded planes while the P-38s
battled two-to-one numerical odds
in the air.
Augmenting this new air blow,
big liberators fled a round trip of
more than 2000 miles to heavily
hit the enemy's nickel mining cen
ter at Pomelaa on the east short
of the gulf of Bone, Dutch Cele
bes. Other ' American planes at
tacked enemy air bases in the
Solomons. v "
A loading plant, warehouses
and mills were targets smashed
and an enemy transport plane
. was shot dawn.
In the fourth ' raid within ' five
days on Wewak, 350 miles up the
New Guinea coast from the tot
tering Japanese air base garrison
it alamaa, it was impossible to
determine how many of the 34
burning planes were craft which
had been hit befpre, but it ap
pears the Japanese losses may
total at least 306. In the first two
raids 215 ' planes definitely were
destroyed, in the third 24 planes,
and in yesterday's attack at least
67. '
The Pomelaa raiders dropped 27
tons of bombs. -
It marked a new target for
the Australian-based bombers.
In recent months ether attacks
on Celebes have been directed
at Kendari and Maeeassar.
Today's communique also re
ported that Japanese planes raid
ed Darwin, Australia, and American-seized
Munda air field in the
central Solomons but caused no
damage.
The -Celebes raiders, although
flying too far to have a fighter
escort, made the Pomelaa raid in
daylight , , ; c
The 27 tons were "discharged
in a congested target area,' the
communique said. ' ; . k .
(Turn to Page 2 Story . B)
emovai
No Surprise to
Washington
By WADE WERNER
WASHINGTON, August 21 -UP)
The Moscow broadcast announcing
that the presidium of the supreme
Soviet of the USSR had relieved
Maxim - Litvinoff of - his post as ,
ambassador to the United States
and named Andrei Gromyko : to
succeed him did not come entire-1
ly as a surprise to officials ond
diplomats here.
. It set off speculation in diplo
matic circles, however, that the
move might herald a change in
Soviet policy end may possibly' be
ah expression of Marshal Joseph
Stalin's displeasure over the fail
ure -of the. allies to meet the'oftr
expressed Soviet appeal for a se
cond front in Europe. ., ; w r 1
V It had been rumored .ever since
Litvinoff was called to Moscow
last May,, ostensibly for a routine
report to his government, that
there was more to his departure
than -r met .- the ey : And that he
would not return. :' ; f . :
- Almost at the same time Joseph
E. Davies, former US ambassador
to Russia flew to Moscow bearing
a- letter from President Roosevelt
to. Stalin. The contents of the let
ter never were disclosed, but gen
erally referred to as his "second
mission to Moscow. - ; ;
Davies was- lavishly entertained
in the Kremlin and there was no
surface Indication that Soviet
American diplomatic relations had
cooled. But the rumors that lit
vinoff would not return contin
ued, and were revived with each
renewed expression ' of Moscow's
impatience , over the nonappear
ance of a second front in Europe.
Road to Tohio Completed
r String Sea
PtUAR
ROCK
KISKA
CAf St
STI
"Taking of Kiska means the read
s " .-. m r z mr rm.
. WlTCMCftAlTiA5"ii'
S Harbor
J??vGr - - Post I
' ' " : IP 5
I - ' ' - " I 1 STATUTt MttK
1 ""-' - ii imm ' JU -JCTSnW"-- '
iU S P i 7VAgy.T,
L'l-r CANADA f
S CHATiu ALEUTIAN V
VTV Tokyo I .Francisco
r JAPAN i j HAWAIIAN
I's'l ISLANDS '
r -!-. Honolulu
MARIANAS', WAKI- ' J L J
E. CAROLINE IS. GILBERT IS. . . i '?0
; -Vice Admiral Klnkald. Above Is a map of the island, which Aroer
" lean and Canadian forces feud deserted by the Japs. The map
below shews the strategie position which this entpost affords In
: the war against Japan.
Chinese Minister to Join
Quebec War Conference
By JOHN M. HIGHTOWER
-:. QUEBEC, August 21,-5J-T. V. Soong, Chinese foreign minis
ter, is expected to join the Quebec war conference within the next
48 hours for discussions with President Roosevelt and Prime Min
ister Churchill on China's role in forthcoming offensive opera
tions against Japan, 'j ;
Word of Soong's arrival was the day's second development
Tokyo Reveals
'Transference9
NEW YORK, Aug. 21 -UP- A
Tokyo broadcast tonight an
nounced the i3ransferenee of
Japanese forces from Kiska island
in "the latter part of July. - 1 c
The report was. made by Domei,
Japanese news . agency, and. was
recorded by the United States for
eign? broadcast intelligence ser
vice. :, V ivVv.v;
An imperial headquarters state
ment was quoted thus by Domei: :
"Imperial army .and navy units
which have been garrisoned on
Kiska Island completed the trans-'
f erence of their' entire forces the
latter part of July without enemy
Interference. These units already
have been stationed at a new post,"
The assertion that Japanese
forces were withdrawn as long
ago. as late July was belied, how
ever, by a United States navy
communique which said light anti
aircraft fire was encountered on
at least four occasions this month,
the latest on August 13.
A n o t h e r Tokyo broadcast,
beamed to Latin America and also
picked up by the foreign broad
cast intelligence service, said the
Japanese garrison had been re
moved "in order to initiate new
operations 'afterward.' " "
First-Aid Class
Starts Thursday
A standard first aid class will
be held beginning, this .Thursday
from ;t0 to 11:30,- under the
sponsorship of the Marion" county
chapter or the ' American Red
Cross. "Mrs. John Payne is In
structor. " ..' - ''' V:
Registrations are to be made in
the classroom, third floor of the
old- high school building.'
Dim out
sunset 8:10
. i sunrise 6:19
(Weather on Page 9).
SKIUS T
4 HAYCOCK
ROCK
' 4 -TANAOAK
to Japan Is completed, according to
focusing attention on plans for
powerful new smashes at the ene
my in the Pacific. The first was
the simultaneous disclosure here
and in Washington and Ottawa
that a combined American and
Canadian force had occupied Kis
ka island, the enemy's last bas
tion in the north central Pacific,
without resistance. ?f
Mr. Roosevelt and Prime Min
ister W. L. Mackenzie King of
Canada in a joint statement ac
claimed this bloodless reconquest
of the Aleutians as victory which
"frees the last vestige of North
American , territory of , Japanese
forces.
: Stephen Early, presidential sec
retary, said; that Soong was ex
pected although he indicated ar
rangements 1 for his - joining the
conference i had not been finally
completed. Early also ' said that
Secretary of War Stimson, who
recently returned from a tour of
the North African theatre, would
get in tomorrow and that Maj.
Gen. William J Donovan, chief
of the office of strategie services,
already is here. p:::
' Early was asked whether Sec
retary : of. the Navy Knox also
would come in from Washington
but said he had had no . word to
that effect. -
- After issuance of the Ki&ka
statement today, Mr. Roosevelt
and : Mr.: Churchill canvassed the
war shipping situation at a lunch
eon conference with Lord Leath
ers, British minister of war trans
port, and Lewis Douglas, deputy
chairman of the United States war
shipping - board. The conference
continued into the afternoon.
'. Subsequently the president went
for a" drive with Malcolm Mac
Donald, British high commission
er to Canada, and his sister, Miss
Lheila MacDonald. Meanwhile
Brendan Bracken, British minuter
of information, met with Prime
Minister King, and later Secre
tary of State Cordell Hull and the
prime minister motored through
the city. H . .
In the fbint statement issued by
the - president and the Canadian
prime minister, It waa pointed out
that announcement of Kiska's oc-
. (Turn to Page 2 Story D)
Navy Reveals : Seizure Made
Aug. 15; Island Subjected
To 106 Bombings in 14 Days
j S: 5 K By IIAlmTOK" W.:
WASHINGTON, August 21--American and Canadian for
ces, their enemy fled without offering final battle, stood undis
puted masters of Kiska Saturday night and the once ambitious
Japanese invasion of North America lay a bombed and bom
barded failure. "
"No Japanese were found. With those words the navy told
today of seizure on August 15 of the once strong enemy air and'
submarine base in the Aleutian islands.- -
Two weeks of the heaviest bombings yet carried but against
the Japanese preceded the landings, the navy disclosed in lift
ing the silence that has cloaked north Pacific actions for three
weeks. It explained this silence was prompted by a belief the
Russians Claim
Nazi Casualties
Total German Losses
7,400,000 Since 1st
I. Invasion in 1941
;. By JUDSON O'QUINN
LONDON, Sunday," Aug. 22-VP)
-The Germans have, lost 1,000,000
men killed and wounded in the
third summer, of fighting in Rus
sia, "a special Soviet bulletin an
nounced last night. This is a third
of their, estimated effectives along
the 1506-mfle Russian front. '
On the "basis of. previous Rus
sian announcements this brought
the. losses of Germany and her
allies to-7,400,000 men killed,
wounded and captured since Adolf
Hitler . first plunged to ; the east
on June IV 1941. -: -; ;
A special- "Soviet communique
marking the second anniversary
of the war last June 22 said that
8,400,000 German and satellite
troops had been killed or made
prisoner, turning Russia into a
graveyard for German hopes of
world empire. . , - -Even
as these staggering losses
were announced, the Moscow ra
dio said that more than 4,000 oth
er nazis lost their lives yesterday
as the Red' army drew its noose
; (Turn to Page 2 Story E)
Japs Second
To Invade US
WASHINGTON, A nr. 21 JP)
The Japanese disappearance
from Kiska bring to asi' end
the latest enemy attempt to set
foot on North American soil.
History shews only two ether
Invasions by foreign' forces of
United States territory, prior to
this warand one of them eaa
hardly- be called an Invasion.
In the war ef It 12 the British;
Invaded- this country, emptarug
member of eiUes, Incloidlag
Washington, which ' was taken
and burned in 1114. ,
On ftfareh t. Ml, the Mexi
can bandit, ranch Tula, killed
It Americans, and , wounded
many ethers In an attack on
Celnmbns, New Mexico. This .
"iavaaloa," by some 150i men.
led to the puitive expedltloa
Into ' Mexico, under General '
John J. Pershing.
MillionSumme
Faults of Fire System
In Salem JPidelyWoted
By RALPH C, CURTIS .
Most every noimal boy's high
est ambition, at some stage of his
development, is to be the driver
of a fire truck. Seen through
more mature eyes, the life of a
fireman is not all glamor though
it Is when there isn't a fire an
easy life.. In Salem, some folks
are saying, it's too easy. But that's
another story. The. point Just at
this moment is that firemen arei
not over-paid, that they are called
upon to risk their lives, at times
in line of duty, and that there is
no disposition on the- part of this
writer to criticize rank-and-file
firemen Just for the sake of any
satisfaction there might be In it. I
For one thing, there isn't any sat-;
isf action ' In it; and ' for another, i
whatever is wrong with the Salem j
fire" department 'is not' primarily '
the fault of the rank-and-file fire
men.; v A , '. V .. ' I
That something is wrong most
everyone in Salem knows. A lot
of people are discussing the fire
department, these days, and most
of what's said is uncomplimentary.
But it didn't begin last Wednes
Japanese - radio equipment had
been smashed and the navy
wished to supply Tokyo with no
news. , "
In 14 days August 1 to 14
heavy and light bombers, dive
bombers, fighter planes, cannon
carrying planes roared down on
Kiska 106 times. -They dumped
tons and tons of bombs on the
enemy positions, knocking out
gun emplacements, tearing up the
Japanese air field, blowing up or
setting afire j buildings and sup
plies. . 'I -
Naval surface units were equal
ly busy. On 15 occasions they
steamed into the choppy water
off Kiska' and sent their big shells
shrieking onto the island. Once
heavy naval units - certainly
cruisers, possibly battleship
stood off shore and poured 2309
shells into, the Japanese positions.
They were unopposed.
President Roosevelt and Prime
Minister W. I Mackenzie King
of Canada hailed the occupation
In a joint statement at Quebec
where allied leaders are plot
ting new troubles for the axis.'
They said: "
The present eecaps'tlon of -
Kiska frees the last vestige f
North American territory of
Japanese forces.
The absence of opposition to the
big naval bombardment was one
of the indications of ' the begin
ning of the end for the Japanese
on Kiska. Doubtless this shelling
was a major; part in the relentless
pounding that ultimately forced
the enemy decision to give up the
island. , - . J . . ; .
Days after that bombardment
from the sea the last enemy op
position was reported on Augiut
13. Then it was only light anti
aircraft fire against bombers and)
fighters" which shattered build
(Turn to iPage 2 Story C) '
Weather Slow3
Down Bombing
LONDON, 1 Aug 21.-)-Mur-ky
weather slowed the pace of the
allied air assault on Hitler's fight
er plane nests and war produc
tion Saturday after six days of
virtually ceaseless attacks, but al
lied fighters continued their
sweeps over occupied France.
.Two Canadian Mustangs pene
trated to Le Bourget airfield just
outside France during a late day
attack: and shot down a German
JU-88 and damaged a tug and
four freight Itrain engines on the
way, the air ministry news serv
ice said. j
One British fighter was report
ed lost over France In the day's
operations, v'j ;
day night when a house burned
down while! firemen were lookinjj
for the gate! valve of a hydrant in
a tiny parking strip. Salem people
have known for years that some
thing was wrong with the fire de
partment For that matter, so have
a great many people throughout
the, nation.; !
For in April, 1939,' Salem was
listed in Fortune magazine as one,
of twelve I cities in the United
States among those with worst
risks of conflagrations. The ar
ticle was illustrated by a "fire
danger map" upon which, in pro
per location, there appeared
burning house - labeled "Salem."
This modest-sized city was in not
able if not enviable company, for
the other Pacific coast cities like
wise indicated were Seattle and
San Francisco. Authority quoted
for the selections was the Nation
al Fire Prevention association.
The association's verdict, in
turn, probably was based upon th$
report of-a survey conducted in
December,; 1937, by inspectors for
the -National Board of Fire Un-
( rurn io x-ags awij ti
M M A W mm C 4 M