. i I
DImout
Complete
YeuTI find newspaper
eaa rive mere real utisf ac
tion thaa yon local mora
In paper, with its WORLD
NEWS pins BOMS COM
MUNITY NEWS.
'-V.- - S .;i.;.w,';,':y;i.i;;,r..!. ;
. - - -: . . .. ;-.;- '
i Friday's inn set, 5:42 pjn.,
Saturday's sunrise, 8:10 a.m.
Weather: Wednesday's max
temp. 47, min. 23.' - River
Thursday, .C ft. By army re
jaest, weather forecasts are
withheld sad temperate
date delayed. :
PCUNDDff ICCi
rnrrcTY second yeab
Salem, Oregon, Friday Meaning. Novambe 13, 1342
Price Sc
Ho. 151
o
. :vt -:rr :
''Mi :
, , - ...... Ij V
Allies
Qose
I j ' , .: - -. i - 1
BoinrAslffilt
Skips;
f7 TVX
V hThTa
3
Allies Advance in Guinea;
Jap Destroyer May Be in
Toll; Guadalcanal Fights
GENERAL MacARTHUR'S HEADQUARTERS, Aus
tralia, Friday, Nov. 13 i-(AP) Sharpshooting American
fliers banged their bombs into four troop-laden enemy ships
in a dawn raid on the Buin-Faisi base of the northern Solo
mons Friday, inflicting heavy damage on the enemy, the
high command reported in its noon communique.
This was the high spot of a heartening communique
which also told of fresh advances in the strongly rolling
drive to push the Japanese out of New Guinea, and of re
newed aerial blows at the enemy in Portuguese Timor.
Friday's raid at 'Buin-Faisi,
made at dawn, caught Jap ships in
the harbor , loaded : with troops
and equipment. The bombers,
supporting the defense of Guadal
canal in the Solomons to ihe
southeast of Buin-Faisi, hit four
of the loaded ships and losses in-
flicted were believed heavy.
The ships were of the cargo
r type, used for transports, and their
' total tonnage Vwas estimated at
37,000. One ship appeared to be
of 12,000 ton "type, another, 10,
000, a third 8000 and the fourth
7000.
One of the four" ships had suf
: 'fered a previous hit In Thursday's
raid.
Mean w&lle.-the land battle
e tat .control f northeastern New
Guinea procressed In' the al
lies' favor with the Japs cleared
nt of the Oivi-Gorari area,
some 50 miles southwest of the
coastal base of Bona. The Japs
were Tetreating toward Wairopl,
having lost heavily in equip
ment and yielded some of their
number as prisoners. Eqaip
losses included field guns and
horses. ; ; ;
Allied planes strafed installa
tions to the rear of the retreating
Japs. , ' ; . !.
- Prior to the attack by heavy
c bombers on the ships in the Buin
l Falsi - area,. 1 medium bombers
struck at the Buin airfield, catch-
' (Turn to Page 13) . j
Mrs. Albert,
Native of
Salem, Dies
Death of Mrs.. Jessie D. Albert
Thursday morning in a Portland
hospital came as a shock to resi
dents of Salem, her native city
and lifelong home. 4 Widow of the
. late Joseph H. Albert, she had1 a
wide cire!e of friends and ae
. cjuaintances here. She had under
gone an operation Wednesday
' morning from which she failed to
rally. ...
- - Daughter of Mr. and Mrs. J.: J.
Dalrymple, she was educated i in
the schools of Salem, where her
father was a pioneer merchant.
She was graduated from the Wil
lamette university school of music
and in her youth was a prominent
- pianist here.
In October, 1895, she was mar
ried to Joseph H. Albert, who was
- for many years cashier of ': the
Capital National bank here and
later trust officer in Ladd and
Bush bank.; He died January s 1,
1939. Both he and Mrs. Albert
were longtime members of -the
Salem First Presbyterian church.
Funeral services are to be held
from Cloug-Barrick chapel s at 2
o'clock Saturday afternoon. Sur
vivors include two daughters,
Mrs. Asel ESff of Salem and Mrs.
Bruce Spaulding of Dallas; a sis
ter, Mrs. J- C. Griffith of Salem;
three grandchildreiv. Dimpifr and
Jean Spaulding of Dallas and Jos
eph Eoff of Salem, and a niece,
Mrs. Glenn Siegel of Portland, j ;
Brooks Re
Safe, Casablanca :
RusseU N. Brooks, US consul at
Casablanca, French Morocco, j is
- safe along with other members of
-the consul general's staff, it was
learned in Salem Thursday night
Brook's mother, : Mrs. i Mildred
Robertson Brooks, former Mar
ion county recorder, was notified
. by the consul general 'through
CordellH ull, secretary of state.
4 Jab
Siiilbs Get
7D,
n
Current Tax
Plan Favored
Grange May Support
Move; Strength
Urged Confab
WENATCHEE, Nov. 12 (P)
The j national grange convention
was advised in an official report
Thursday that support was in
creasing for a pay-as-we-go in
come tax program for the nation,
and several delegates said a, reso
lution probably v would ; be' inlro
duceed in an attempt to put the
grangers on record for the plan.
The report of increased sup
port for the plan came from Fred
Brenckman, the grange's Wash
ington, DC, representative. In his
absence, his annual report was
read to the convention.
"If this plan should be adopted,
1942 taxes would be omitted
while those for 1943 would be
paid currently. Many men who
formerly earned good incomes in
private life now have been in
ducted Into the armed services
where their pay will be insuffi
cient to pay high income taxes."
Brenckman said he believed
the ; war would bring extension
of rural electrification systems, if
and when materials are available.
Most of his report dealt with con
gressional committee reports.
-. . Oranre leaders said resolu
tions were beinr drawn to put
the organisation aggressively
a 1 record ' arainst any- efforts
of the United Mine Workers'
onion' to organise farmers or
farm hands. Master Albert S.
Goss told the convention fas his
a naval message Wednesday
that the John L. Lewis-led on
ion ' was trying to make Inroads
on farm labor.
Harry A. Caton,: the national
grange secretary from Coshock
ton, Ohio, said in an interview:
"I think labor will come out
of this war ; with stronger organ
izations. Commerce, finance and
industry will -not only maintain
their organizations, but will build
them during the war. The chal
lenge -to agriculture is to
strengthen its organization so it
too may participate in post-war
problems on an equal footing with
these other groups.
. WCliam - Sullivan, Washington
state, insurance commissioner, re
ported to the grange that grain
! (Turn to Page 2)
CAMP ADAIR, Nov. 12 State
officials, ' publishers and civic
leaders of the Willamette - valley
earned their "diplomas" Thursday
as Inductees into the Timber Wolf
division at this camp. - -
In a special, high-powered and
day-long program which kaleide
scoped an entire picture of train
ing : routine of a ! United States
fighting man, visiting dignitaries
were put through! the paces as
temporary members of the Tim
ber Wolf division under the sup
ervision of Maj. Gen. Gilbert R.
Cook, commanding! general.
At 10 a. m. the guests arrived
and J were ; escorted far jeeps to
classification headquarters.
Gov. Charles A. Sprague, first
to be classified, was interview
ed by Sgt. Millard Willis and
rated as an A-1 public relations
v prospect
From then on dignitaries were
given a streamlined personal con
yalley C
Sendee
Passed
Draft
Year's Training
Dropped; j Farm
Provision Kept
By FRANCIS J". KELLY
WASHINGTON, Nov. 12
(P) The senate approved the
'teen-age draft bill late Thurs
day and sent it itO the White
House. Signature of the meas
ure by President Roosevelt will
make an" estimated 1,500,000
youths of7 18 and 19 immediate
ly liable for service in the armed
forces.
The bill lowers the minimum
induction age from 20 to 18 in
response to Gen. j George C.
Marshall's plea for "combat units
of vigorous, aggressive soldiers."
Senators reluctantly receded from
their demand that the 'teen-agers
be trained at least a year in this
country before being sent into
cambat overseas.
There were nearly five hours
of debate, however, before the
senate approved the bin on a
voice vote. It had previously
been revised by a Joint senate
house conference committee and
accepted by the honse.
Much of the argument centered
on a provision directing local draft
boards to defer necessary farm
workers as long as they remain
on the farm and j until satisfac
tory replacements can be trained.
Senator Pepper (D-Fla) con
tended the provision would multi
ply manpower problems. Jay
"freezing": farm workers on their
fob'-without determination by a'
national agency that particular
workers were best serving the war
effort in their existing occupa
tions. Senator Gurney (R-SD),
senate "manager of the bill, denied
Pepper's contention.'!
"The manpower program has
been muddled administratively
and now congress is about to mud
dle It legislatively," Pepper as
serted. 1
However, the farm provision
was retained in the bill without
change.
Senator after senator took, the
floor to advocate a mandatory
one-year training claase and to
explain he was agreeing to its
elimination only because of the
strongly expressed swill of the
house and because ; the general
staff had asked for a free hand
in training and asing the young
fixhting men.
Senator Brooks (R-Bl) said no
senator wanted to "tie the hands
of our military leaders."
French Help
WASHINGTON, Nov. 12 - (P)
Gen. John J. Pershing, aging
leader of the armies in France in
1917, said Thursday night "the
axis has met its Marne" and in
vited his,, former i French comrades-in-arms
to join the , ranks
of the allies so they "will ; once
more be .free." : , .' -
Pershing, who now holds the
rank of general of the armies,
appeared Wednesday with Pres
ident Roosevelt at the Armistice
day ' ceremonies at . the tomb, of
the unknown soldier. ' -
He expressed - himself to the
French people through the me
dium of a letter written to Mr.
Roosevelt Thursday.
Pershing
ivic Eeadersu'In
tact picture of army trainings,
simulated actual combat ; condi
tions and light weapon, artillery
firing. ; ' - -r? y 'U
- The civilian selectees. Col. Gor
don H. McCoy,' post commander of
Camp Adair, and officers and en
listed men of the Timber Wolves
ran through what' Brig. Gen. Wil
liam C. DunckeL in charge of ar
rangements,:: described : as- the
"carnival system" of training!.
They participated in the initial
phases of soldier. training worked
out in stability tests, "yaxdbird"
instruction, lessons in personal
neatness and ' efficiency of : the
American soldier. ' . - "
They rode fat jeeps over the
rugged terrain and saw soldiers
run the assault and the blitx
courses; saw the ; laying and
traversing of fields, witnessed
examples of men fighting arm
ed and unarmed hand to hand
combat. . - ,
. FleeinE !
Supplies
Removed
Much Embattled
City Passed in
Hasty Retreat
CAIRO, Friday, Nov. 13
(AP) Retreating axis forces
are withdrawing supplies
from Tobruk, much-fought-over
port 80 miles inside Lib
ya, and apparently are pre
paring to abandon this
stronghold without making a
serious stand.
A delayed message reach
ing here Friday morning from
Edward Kennedy, Associated
Press war correspondent on the
Libyan border, said that the Ger
mans and Italians were with
drawing equipment westward
from Tobruk as early as Wednes
day. '
Front line advices Thursday
told of heavy allied aerial bom
bardment : of concentrations of
enemy transport along the road
between Tobruk and Gazala, an
other 30 miles along the coast
al highway.
This apparent ; I decision by
Field Marshal Erwin Rommel
to pass up Tobruk as the spot
at which to try and stem the
mounting! allied victory tide
confirmed, estimates . of a W t
badfy his -legions! have beCa
mauled by " British - American
land, sky and sea, power be
cause Tobruk offers a tough
obstacle to an attacking force
when It is well manned.
The British in an! earlier phase
of the shifting north African cam
paign once held Out there
(Turn to Page' 2)
for
Brunk Leaves
Contest for
Postmaster
! : -l! '
One of the nine candidates for
the J Salem postmastership, Dr.
Estil L. Brunk, dentist, has with
drawn his name, it (was disclosed
Thursday. 1 1
Federal civil service examiners,
it was also reported, have been in
the city questioning -applicants for
the $4200 a year ! I position, - for
which the present postmaster,
Henry R. Crawford, was not an
applicant for reappointment.
Dr. Brunk said he had decided
to keep his professional, services
"available for military or civilian
use, as . the government may, de
termine, to b' desired." y
; Remaining . candidates for the
postmastership are Ira M. Darby,
Paul Lynch, , T. J. Birabec, Francis
Li Welch, -Joseph J Gallagher, F.
Junior. Eckley,4 Gordon. D. Thomp
son and Albert C Gragg.
, The" postal -department makes
its : selection fromk among" the
three highest candidates picked
by the civil ' service : commission on
the basis of. educational qualifi
cations and ' business . experience.
The impending appointment , will
be permanent, under terms of a
1937 amendment to jthe civil ser
vice act. : : : - - ?i
Conducted by CoL Welcome P
Waltz, they saw a: thorough "on
the battlefield" display of hasty
field fortifications used in , defen
sive (fighting, j y "
On the firing range they wound
up with complete display of
light weapons as employed m ac
tual field use. i. - -
'Among those receiving "diplo
mas," in addition to Gov. Sprague,
were Maj. Gen. Charles H, Mar
tin; Mayor Earl ! Riley of Port
land; Mayor . W W, Chadwkk of
Salem; Pj L. Jackson, publisher
of the Oregon v Journal; E. Don
Ross, Arthur .J.Tarnier and James
A. Ormanlly, all o j the Portland
chamber of commerce; Secretary
Clay Cochran, and Carl W; Hogg,
Salem chamber of commerce; P.
O. Urban and Claude Ingalls,Cor
v all is publishers; R.1 B. Swenson,
Monmouth, and R. i H. Kletzing,
Independence. I r
By Axis
ducted
Rommel Mauidloinis- Toteuik Pof
Rommel ForgotlThis Equipment, Too
-4
Mm - - i
'y T-yy it
Here are Mune of the more than 10a enemy aircraft put out of action
at El Dabs and captured last Saturday by the British Eighth army
Africa. This official British photo shows fuselages , lined up, after
picture was sent by radio from Cairo to the US.) Associated Press
Hitler. Off ers
Offe Territoriea "
For Fleet's Help,
Report Asserts
k LONDON, Nov. 12 HPjr Adolf
Hitler's terms for immediate
peaoa .with t Vkhy restoring: to
France lIl "her ' 93y "continental
territory except Alsace and Lor
raine, were Carried to Vichy by
Arch-collaborationist Pierre La
val from his Munich meeting with
the fuehrer,! it was reported
Thursday night in reliable conti
nental circles with close Vichy
connections, j
The report 'was not confirmed.
The report provisions especial
ly that involving the loss to the
French' of the two provinces,
would prove decidedly distasteful
and unacceptable to the , whole
French nation.
The cardinal terms of the pro
posed peace as reported by tnese
informed sources, . which, of
course, could not be further iden
tified, were: , ,
1. ' France would regain all her
continental area except' the prov
inces of Alsace and Lorraine,
2. : Alsace and Lorraine would
become -.autonomous.- (They have
been incorporated into the reichl)
a 3. France would keep her : em
pire i (virtually 'all of which now
is ' controlled by or allied With
the United Nations). -
4. The French fleet would co
operate with the Germans to re
gain the empire, -y
,.5. ; Italy- would renounce terri
torial claims on France. -
The Italians in the past have
yelled loudly for "Nice, Tunisia
and; Corsica, v Tout an- Italian
spokesman p in Rome - Wednesday
said! Italy's share in the occupa
tion was not "intended in the in
terests of territory. . "
,Most reliable Vichy circles rW
ported that -Laval, whohas con
sistently ..favored, the Germans,,
had nevertheless rejected a mili
tary alliance -with Germany.- v f '
; Informants, from the former un
occupied - area said aged Marshal
Petain.is .showing -.the. strain of
rthe crisis. ;'ts :-y. " -
He has not yet decided on his
future course. --"-:;
ain
Not Changed
.TANGIER, i Spanish Morocco,
Nov.! 12 (Ay-The high commis
sioner of Spanish Morocco Thurs
day notified - all Spaniards and
Moroccans under his jurisdiction
that recent events in North Africa
have not changed things in this
region. . ; . ' - .
; He added , that the press will
continue its I normal attitude and
asked everybody to maintain good
behavior. . He also invited people
to denounce to the authorities
those who do not do so.
; (Spanish Morocco is : a v strip
about 200 "miles long and 50-73
miles wide along the North Afri
can coast across from Gibraltar. It
isurrounded on the land side by
French Morocco, which has been
occupied by . American and Brit
ish forces.)- t
sp
Colony
o
-1
'
J4
Brooks FJier
Ispecorated
GENERAL. Mac ARTHUR'S
H E A DQUARTERS, Australia,
Friday, Nov.- 13-AVNine mem
bersj of the US army, air forces
were, awarded silver ! stars Fri
day for gallantry la action while
participating' In attacks against
the Japanese la the Solomons,
New! Guinea, and ether enemy-
; i i , ,. '
occupied territories north of
vABsttaua.
They Included:'
. Thomas J, . Hayes, Jr route
one,' Brooks, Ore. '
The award to Li. Hayes was
for his scoring direct 'hits on
eightj or tea enemy planes at
Buna August 25 despite a heavy
tropical storm aad limited visi
bility. ;
Soviets Trade
Gains in Cold '
Battle Areas
I - i. J !. - , . .. ' . . ...4. - . '
I : um,w, jfTlday, Nov. 13-(JP)
Fighting in sub-zero cold, the Ger
mans and Russians traded narrow
stpps Of Stalingrad s battle-ripped
earth ; Thursday while the reds in
the j Caucasus successfully coun-Iter-attacker
near Nalchik and held
ifirm-at Tuapse, the. soviet -midnight
communique reported. -
I : The j Russians said' the Germans
brought up reserves and attacked
1st several places inthe Stalingrad
area; at one point penetrating, de
fense lines in a wedge, 100 to: 200
jrards; deep but at enormous cost
la a northern .sector of the.
eltyi' the eommunieae declared,
soviet counterattacks shoved the -Invaders
. back 40t yards , aad
cost j the Germans ' 28f dead
while northwest of the city the.
Germans were driven from sevi
era! .!ouses..v,,i ..."j. .,.v.f .,u
Despite the reference to re-
feerves . there . was jjo : indication
that the Germans were braving
the I deep winter cold with "any
thing: like the masses they were
psingija few weeks ago at SUlin-
(The- Berlin radio .aid that a
Cold spell which had driven tem-
peraturesT te 29 degrees below
zero, fahrenheit, had forced abate
ment of fighting in the Stalingrad
-! I-5 :. 'v:-- -y
South of Nalchik in the Caucas
us, the Russians said, .counter-attacks
Naroke the enemy's resist
nce" I and drove the -Germans
from two inhabited localities. The
aazia ilost 170 motor vehicles and
400 j dead in that region, it ' was
reported. ,
I Northeast of Tuapse along . the
Black: ! sea . repeated light enemy
attacks were repelled, the high
Command said. 2 r '
'Chutists i Wrong t
t LONDON, Friday, Nov. 13-
Reuters Friday reported from
Tangier, Spanish zone of Morocco,
that 54-United States parachute
had ! made forced landing in var
ious! partsTof. the Spanish zone. All
their equipment -has been taken
from them by authorities, the re
port said. - - r
by allied bombers on the airport
In Its rapid sweep across North
the airport was! occupied. (This
Telemat. J '! !. -:
Clark Boosted
General Dared Trip
Into Africa for
Raid Readiness
WASHINGTON, Nov. 12 -VP)
A daring under-cover ' trip . to
French 'VN prth "Africa by subma
rine, during which a , commando-
f escorted party "tiif Amerlcair."offi4
cers rprepared "the way for the
occupation of that strategic area,
won Maj. Gen. Mark W. Clark a
promotion to lieutenant - general
Thursday . and a place in history
alongside the bearer of the "mes
sage to Garcia." - ,
Three weeks before the current
North African' campaign opened;
Gen. Clark and his party landed
there from a submarine. He open
ed negotiations with representa
tives of the French general, Henri
Giraud, which led to his rallying
French forces toj the United Na
tions cause. He .obtained invalu
able military- information. He ap
praised the sentiment of French
men in the area . and found ' it
favorable to the Americans. '.
All this was disclosed Thurs
day, with a warj department an
nouncement ' that! the tall, lanky.
resourceful Clark, who later re
turned to. Africa as second .in
command - of - the expeditionary
force,' had been promoted. J
Meanwhile, dispatches from
allied . headauarters la North '
Africa pieced together the de
tails of his . amazing exploit, a -long
tour, which used - almost
every conceivable means of
transportation,' Included a nar
row escape- from capture by the -;
axis-controUed ; Vichy , i police,
' and aa apset boat which result
ed In the loss of most of the
. party's clothing! aad $LS,M la
The. details came . from .Clark
himself, and from Lt. Gen..Dwight
D. '. Eisenhower, commander-in-chief
of the - North African . offen
sive. It was cabled by Wes Galla
gher. Associated. Press correspon
dent in North Africa. '. ,.- i
It was evident,' Eisenhower told
(Turn, to Page 2) v'
entma .
Likes Action :
BUENOS AIRES,- Argentina,
Nov. 12 -VP)- Foreign . Minister
Enrique Ruiz Guinaru Thursday
night expressed to Secretary Hull
Argentina's : solidarity ' with., the
United States' operations in North
Africa, ending aa official suiu.e
o:the ;campaignJ--:;-. vf.''v' a
The foreign, minister' message
to Hull aroused particular inter
est because Argentina and ' Chile
are the only South American na
tions not having" broken relations
with the axis. . iy'y.yy--.:yi
: President Juan' Antonio Rios of
Chile previously had 'cabled Pres
ident Roosevelt expressing ap
proval of the African action.
Ruiz Guinazu's message said
that the Argentine people witch
"with solidarity and interest the
efforts , made by. the great end
friendly nation in safeguarding
the security of the Americas." It
also reiterated faith' in the "high
continental ideals" of the United
States, i, -;- - ; . ' . -
Are
Bomlbers
Attack' ;
Gapiial
2000 Nazis Said
Landed to Hold
Back Americans
; ;f ! ..... 'i -
By the Associated Press
LONDON, Friday, Nov. 13
(AP) A powerful allied
striking force" advancing at a
75-miIe-a-day clip early Fri
day was nearinsr the frontier
of Tunisia where reports said
the nazis had landed at least
2000 men by air in an expand
ing effort to hold that strate
gic Mediterranean corner now
urider PAF assault from the ! op
posite direction. " ir.
RAF j twin-engined bombers
based on Malta aided the .allied,
land forces by heavily attacking
the axis-infiltrated region of Tu
nis, capital of Tunisia, Thursday,
and these blows were expected to
increase in coordination with the
US -British advance from the
west. n . - t .-,
The Vichy radio said the Tunis
area was again attacked Thursday
night and that anti-aircraft guns
in the French protectorate were
in action during an alert , lasting
from 8:15 p.m. to 10;30 p.m. . i '
Continuously fed from the' sea
and gathering momentum by land,
the combined assault srmie had
reached and occupied Benp, east
ern Algeria, only 1 60 miles from)
the. Tunisian , frontier, Thursday
morning, according to Vichy re
ports. . v . '. .
By now it was belie-ed here
the Americans and battle veter
ans of the British first army might
might . have plunged across the
frontier. " ' j ' .
In France meanwhile the axis
divisions that overran the re
mainder of that country placed
the naval station of Toulon on a
! strange sone of quarantine,
mysteriously failing to occupy
that port or to lay hands on the
battle fleet which so long has
, lain of f shore. !
From Algeria A dm. Jean Dar
lah, the old commander of the
fleet and former head of all Vichy
French armed forces, broadcast a
request to the Toulon commanders
that they bring their ships to
north Africa. . -
1- The former collaborationist.
who was taken by the Americana .
in the capture of Algiers, did not
order the ships to sail, but only
suggested they join the allies or at
(Turn to Page 2) . '
RAF Bombers
Sink 2 Subs
In Campaign
LONDON, - Friday; Nov. 13-
British Hudson bombers of the.
RAF caused havoc to hostile sub
marine operations in the opening
stages of the north African - cam
paign, sinking at least two and
perhaps more, a ' British corres
pondent called from allied head
quarters in north Africa Friday.
Pilots reported four attacks on
U-boats which were menacing the
great allied convoys. One pilot
said he brought a submarine to the
surface with depth charges and
thenletgo with a bomb and
scored a direct hit and blew it in
two:"
A New Zealand pilot told how
he attacked first one and then
a second German U-boat Just after
a US convoy passed through the
Strait of Gibraltar. Four depth )
charges! blew the stern ! off the
first craft to surface, the, pilct
said. Later, returning to his base,
he dropped two ' bombs on the
second. U-boat but could not see
the result. ' , J
A third ' pilot reported an at
tack with a salvo of depth
charges on a submarine In the At
lantic approaches to the straits
at it attempted to submerge.
Tunis Fieltl Raided
VICHY. (From French broad
casts) Nov. 2-(A)-At air field at
Tunis la north Africa was attack
ed Thursday night, the Vichy ra
dio reported. The air alarm last
ed more. than two hours and anti
aircraft guns were in action.
no