If v .
Complcfo
Tho Insido ,
Year complete moraine
newspaper. The Statesman,
offers yon pertinent- com
ments on war newt of the
day by Klrke Simpson,
Washington analyst - - -
tTzirrr-crcoND year
1 1 aia Ffi
' , -"-.-' "'-,T'i' vr-v ci ! -" -".
777) .F. T
Nazi Tanks S
jBerl
Glai
in
Piercing of City
Frontal Assault Cains Headway;
Soviets Claim 73 Nazi Divisions
Routed in Four 31onths; Peril Great
. By HENRY C. CASSIDY "
MOSCOW, .Thursday, Sept.-10--Massed German tanks
, nd infantry smashed in a frontal assault toward the' western
gates of Stalingrad forced the red army -to give tip' two more
' populated places in the third Russian retreat in as many days,
' in official announcement said early Thursday.
German troops also "broke
BERLIN (From German Broadcasts) . Sept. $-iP)Som Ger
man troops before StaitngTad have advanced In one ares to the
-. city Itself, the German Trsnsocean news arency reported Wednes
day nliht Just where the advance was made waa not stated.
Knsslan Troops were reported helding en the southwest
' approaches to Stalingrad, but In the Caucasus the naxis were
acknowledged to have , broken Into the northwestern entskirts of
Nevoressisk on the Black sea coast. --..-,;.
i ' ".The news arency's dispatch, broadcast by the Berlin radio,
- v said-the Kusslans despite reinfercementa and stronx defenses have .
. ' not. been' able to chanre the situation anywhere in their favor
- and fMrhtinc continues aeeordint to the German schedule. "
- :1 - - - . .. -.
f' No vorossisk, . soviet Black
Which the Germans claimed capturing Sunday, despite "tremend
4TE&c!siiToId
v 'I A.
; ExLiiier Alanhattan
Gutted by Rapid
Firc'atSea
WASHINGTON, . Sept -tfP)
). Tales of cool heroism and" daring
' rescue were told Wednesday by
' survivors of. the navy transport
Wakefield once the $10,000,000
v liner Manhattan gutted last
Thursday night by fire which
swept through that great vessel
as thought it had, been "a barn
full of hay -
" First word of the fire, which
. occurred somewhere on the At
lanuc wnue the transport was
- travelling in convoy to . an east
; coast port,-was given out by the
: navy here. It -said a preliminary
i checkup indicated that all. the
crew and passengers, totalling
, about 1600,. had been saved,- al
: though several were injured. - .
The passengers included civil-
-tans, and. presumably sailors,
'. while . the - vessel had. a normal
crew of 600 to 700 men. She was
kippered by Comm. Harold
; Gardner Bradbury of Port Ange
i ies, - Wash. After escorting war
' ships in. the convoy bad taken all
(Turn' to Page 2, Col. 4)
. Oregon1 Sends 70th f ;
; ' liberty Down 7ay
: PORTLAND,. Sept -P!hThe
. George' H.. Thomas, the Oregon
. f Shipbuilding -corporation's - 70th
liberty'; freighter;-slid from" the
I ways WrdnetedayS 34 days after the
; keel was laid. George H. Tliomas
; was Union general in the Civil
! war. - The wife of a rigger, Mrs.
. ; Frank W Richards, christened the
- i vessel. . -
all' Mie Sale:
i . Eighteen thousand? enthusiastic
Salem residents did not "Walk or
1 drive through the white gates at
the state fairground for Salem
.day Wednesday. -
i Minus the throngs that ordixvar
:liy characterize fair events this
week in the year, Oregon's war
time miniature state fair, devoted
only to 4H club exhibits and fat
livestock events, opened at .the
fairgrounds Wednesday , f o r . a
three-day run. . -..
f One section of the fat stock
show at the livestock barns, how
ever, bears near semblance to
prewar fairs, for Fair Manager
Leo G. SpiUbart has seen to it
that flags and banners "are float
ing above the judging rings. Other
exhibits of clubbers are displayed
in the grandstand exhibit quar
ters and make a good showing In
fJs ter3 area. .
Tiveaiy seven counties were
Xrjrrrff:! La the,projects re- ,
"1 ; rrnT
.alii
mash;
m Is
into the northwestern outskirts"
sea naval base in the Caucasus
ous losses in men and material,'
the .communique acknowledged. .
While , the, fi ht , f or Stalingrad
roared fen, the "tovie bureau of
information in a summary of the
summer fighting said 73 enemy
divisions, . including 54 German,
Were routed by the Soviets be
tween May 1 and August 31. On
the Russian side, . a special ' an
nouncement said, 42 soviet ' rifle
divisions and 25 brigades suf
fered considerable losses in the
same period.
(The Germans had broadcast a
statement Monday, that 58 red
army divisions and " 93 brigades
had , been smashed ' by the nazis
from May 1 to August 3 1 the
same period covered in the Rus
sian announcement) -.
Courageous red army men try'
ing to make a "Red Verdun" of
Stalin Tad were reported fighting
against tanks with only rifles, but
the tremendous German armored
columns attacking fron tally were
creeping closer daily to the im
periled Volga ' river city. (The
Berlin radio quoted a dispatch as
saying that some German-troops
had reached the city, itself.)
' Southwest of Stalingrad the
Russians said their troops were
repulsing constant attacks and
that at least 21 more hazi tanks
had -been destroyed, and three
German-Rumanian infantry com
panies annihilated.
The Russians fighting against
'numerical'1 and mechanical odds
west of the city ha4 fought two
days to bold the two populated
: places before yielding, the com-
m unique said. One rifle unit was
said to have destroyed 10 Ger
man : tanks,' 14 : guns ' and 300
. enemy j troops' In . this ' losing
battle. v Vi.,. r;.;-
' Nazi seizure of Stalingrad would
imperil the; whole red army mill
tary structure, since it dominates
the Volga river- supply line to
the middle east and is the link
between Russia s central and
southern armies. '
ceived up to Wednesday night
and more may arrive fa . the
sails this morning. This show
ing State Club Leader. H. C
Seymour considers remarkable
in view of prevailing conditions.
Club boys and girls from eight
western Oregon counties and the
city of Portland are participating
in the fat market livestock judg
ing and showmanship contests,
which are the only events of this
nature. Counties represented i in
the stock division are Linn, Lane,
Benton, Clackamas, Marion, Clat-1
sop, Multnomah and Washington.
r Thirty two boys competed : in
the fat stock judging contests con
cluded just before 6 o'clock Wed
nesday night .Each boy. judged
eight classes of market animals
three each hogs and lambs and
two beef steers and then pre
sented both written and oral rea
sons for their platings on two of
these, classes.
---.7. ! 7TJ7 , , . . : : :
" "V" ' , ".'. : " - I !
?mue
2 -Tone Shoes
Lose to War
WASHINGTON, Sept t-W
Some of those fancy shoes, In
cluding the two-tone jobs, be-'
came .war casualties Wednes-
day
Te'sare leather, the war pro
Auction " board . prohibited: the
manufacture' of t w o - colored
footwear, and reduced the va
riety of colors and styles to be
made for next spring and sum
mer. No ;: restrictions were
placed.' however, ' on the total ,
number of shoes to be produced. ;
Colors were limited to the'
foilowinc: 'Black,- white, turf
tanv. army . russet, town brown
and blue. 1
Except . for blucher cut laced
boots and cowboy utility boots,
the order prohibits the manu
facture of , leather boots of any'
kind, effective October lh
Europe Cities
Feel Air Raid
Radio Stations off
Air; Budapest : ' .
-Said Bombed
LONDON, Sept 9 PK S-
den; radio shutdowns Wednesday
night in .Berlin, Paris, Budapest .
and 4d Czechslovakia indicated
thai allied bombers were ranging",
oyer 'great areas of German-occupied
Europe from both British
and Russian airdromes. ' ' t-
The evidence of air raid was
BERLIN, (from German
broadcasts), Thursday, Sept' 10-
(if) Russian bombers raided '
Budapest capital of Ilungary,"
during the nlcht DNB dis
patch reported early Thursday.-
most positive in Budapest where
the announcer in his last words
before going off the air . told of
an alert
(Turn to Page t. Cot 7)
Kaiser Finds
No Verdict
On Planes -
" WARTTTNrriTnw snt
Henry J. Kaiser; said Wednesday
night that a conference with Don-
aid M - Nelson," war production I
chief, -had produced "no verdict"!
on hi& proposal for the mass con
struction of huge. cargo carrying!
airplanes. -
. Nelson had - previously told
newsmen after the conference that
"we are going to pursue this thing
lust, as rapidly as- possible to its i
logical conclusion.
He diefnot say, Just what he!
implied by "logical conclusion.
Kaiser said the conference was
handicapped by the fact that nei-1
ther his own engineer, Douglas
Albert nor K. K Ridley, engineer
for his associate, Howard Hughes,
was present
The engineers,. he said, , were
in-possession of all the complete
and final details of plans for the
cargo ships : and little progress
could be made without them.
He is prepared to use either
aluminum or . plywood in con
struction, he said.
Vernon Flanagan, 17, six-year
clubber- from Junction City,
emerred as grand champion for
all classes In the Wednesday
Judging. He scored SIS of 1C
possible points only 19 points
above Loren Fisher, Albany
route two. Third place in all
classes went to William Rich-
ardson, Albany route one.
rnmni.a i I.-,'-
t(:; i;V;; ' -?
tt,,. 'i
. JwUrmuH .
en x isner, Ainany, route two, w,
second, amy uietz, Can by, route
route two, 351; fourth, Art Ohling,
AiDanyr route inree, 344; nnn,
tie .between Donna McKinley,!
Shedd, 342, and Merlin Marsh, Al
bany, rcui.. three, 242; seventh,
William Hichardson, Albany, route
one, 337; eighth, rttty Jean Curt-
(Turn to Ps v, Cclumn fi)
5 fa .
pDay'ThFong
FOUND
Salem, Oregon Thursday Morning,
-.V
Grain Bin
Buildinff
OPLumber
To Fabricate .
Sections Here .
Contracts to fabricate wall
sections lor 250 emergency
emergency grain storage bins
being purchased b y federal
agencies for distribution among
wheat growers - has been ob
tained by the lumber division,
formerly the Charles K. Spauld
ing Logging company's Salem
sawmill, sash and door factory, of
Oregon Pulp it Paper com" rny.
it. was disclosed .Wednesday by
E. A. Linden, manager of the di
vision. Value of the contract was
not revealed. , .' " ... , .
,Vt Linden said production probably
would get under way next Mon
day on the order. , .
The demounted wall sections
will be out and drilled to speci
fications in a temporary 41 by
164-foot roofed I pavUoa built
on the ,lumbef, plant's eld retail
yara - property, across . Ton
street to the east from the sash
axtf doer plant at the rear of tLe
Salem Feed and Seed company
building. ' ' " .2 ! - V
The initial 1250 units constitute
more or less a trial operation, with
orders for "ten times that many"
being available if the pre-fabrica
tion plan works out well, Linden
indicated. C. D. Johnson Lumber
company of Toledo, Ore., is the in
ventor of this particular type of
bin and the holder of the prime
contract "
The bins involved are 11-sided,
approximately 20 feet in diameter
and .15 feet high. ' No metal is
required -. for their erection and
only short lengths six to eight
feet of two-inch grain-proof fir
lumber are required for their con
struction. Each unit holds 3400
bushels. They are held together by
interlocking ends of -the wall
planks, reinforced by wooden tie-
rods. . "
ii.suiiicient lumber can De od-
"fSnt at vita"-
from the OP&P company sawmill
here, it is planned to run the bin
plant three eight-hour shifts
day, 12 to J5 men per shift, Lin
den said. . . , , .
The management hopes to
complete Its 250-unit order, re
quiring approximately one mil
lion feet of - lumber, . within
month's time. -'. -'. V .
: Aside from the crews to run the
bin plant the mflL sash and door
and box - factories operated : on
j front street by the OP&P lumber
division is now employing 200 men
j More than 90 per cent of the three
units' output is going into war and
closely related construction, Land
en said.
Calls Strike
By The Associated Press
Workers -of Luxembourg, the
tiny steel-making grand duchy
crowded between Germany, Bel
gium and France Wednesday went
out in the first- general strike to
be called in any German-occupied
country, even' though the gestapo
told - them -that" any convicted
striker would be shot
Thus Luxembourg, first to feel
the might of the May 10, 1940,
blitz answered Germany's 10-day
old. decree which mcorpprated the
grand duchy into the reich and
made, its youth subject to Ger-
man military service.
Hitler has. fully exploited Lux.
embourg's blast-furnace and steel
wnich rank among tue ten
most productive in the world.
bOtVlCO r 110X1
Ilenry Cutler, son of Herman
Cutler' of. Salem, has been
wounded In action And is being
sent back to the United States
from Australia,. according to i
cabled - message-received Wed
nesday by his father.- ..
Awarded
Luxembourg
no ICZ1
September 10, 1S12
Amends
SEN. ROBERT TAFT
Asks savings report .
Forced Saving
To Be Studied
Victory Levy Added.
To Revenue Bill
In Committee
WASHINGTON, Sept 9iTVA
congressional survey ,t compul
sory saving pla"8 to meet a sub
stantial s&are- xa war coats was
approved 'Wednesday by the sen
ate iinance. committee . after It
formally- added to the- new' rev
enue bill a 9 per cent "victory"
levy on all, earnings bove 624
yearly. . : . f
Taking cognizance of a recent
statement by , Secretary Morgen
thau that the treasury could not
rely beyond the end of this year
on voluntary financing, the com
mittee wrote into the measure a
provision setting up a 11 -member
committee . to study .compulsory
savings and report to congress by
January IL
Senator Taft (R-Ohio), who
sponsored this amendment, - told
reporters voluntary bond purchase
was "wholly inadequate" to pro
vide the future billions needed to
supply the nation's war machine.
(Turn to Page 2, CoL S)
Auto-s Wreck
Kills R. Ogle; ;
2 Women Hurt:
INDEPENDENCE, Sept 9
Richard Frank Ogle, 62; was in
stantly killed and two women
were . critically injured when the
Ogle car . was hit broadside by an
Oregon Electric freight train on
a private crossing four miles 'east
of town at 6:30 Wednesday morn
ing.."" :
The ' injured . women, - Vernie
Ogle, the dead man's wife, and
Mrs. Leota ' Hubbard Williams.
were takpn o Salem General hos-
piiai py, jr, ueorge inoiu. .-,
- The three the only passengers
in the car, were on their way to'
pick hops at the Hugh; Nelson
yard.' known 1 also as the Winn
yard; The private road' Into" the
yard crosses the railroad track
close to the entrance. "
- Mrs. Ogle was said to be In a
critical condition and may have
a fractured skulL' Mrs. Williams
has a. fractured skull and was un
conscious when taken to the hos
pital. - -
v "Mrs, .Williams , husband, Larry
Williams, is in the US military
service, and is believed now sta
tioned in California.
r Ogle's body was brought tq In
dependence and is at the Smith
Raiin mortuarr. '
The accident happened on the
Marion county side of the Wil
lamette river and T. A. Golden,
deputy county coroner for Marion
county, visited the scene of the
accident a short time, aft a: it
happened. . --: -
Full Vcc!i Hequircd
SAN FRANCISCO, Sept. 9 -OP)
A new rule requiring longshore
men to work at least 40 hours a
week has been put into effect to
secure additional manpower for
handling shipping, the Pacific
coast maritime ndustry board an
nounced .Wednesday,
( 1
W" . .
-
- " H
o
--
I
.V, .
o
iinday
Pay
7th Consecutive
"Day Unaffected
By FDR Order
WASHINGTON, Sept. Mff)
President Roosevelt signed an
executive ' order Wednesday
eliminating payment of double-
time rates for work on Satur
day, Sunday, or holidays, as
such.
The order permits double
time for a seventh consecutive
day of work,- but not for any par
ticular day of the week as , such,
The days of the week lose their
identity -for w a g eetermining
purposes. - - S ,
Tho; action, tthe .White? House
said, la In line with pledges given
the president-jeverai. months ago
by AFL President William Green
and CIO President Philip; Mur
ray. . : --.. .. ' ;
"Many anions, said the an
nouncement -C.Th a t e! already
modified then? contracts to put
this pledge Into effect' and fas
order to make tho practice anl
vertal the 'eirr 'has bee'a h
ed. . 'i '-.7,M'X:l . -"-','.-'
- The CIO United Auto, Workers,
at its C h t e a'g 6 convention last
month, served notice it would not
be bound by its promise to waive
double time rates unless all other
unions : complied Within 50 ." days.
- In a recent national labor rela
tions board case, the United Auto
Workers complained that a rival
AFL ' union had ; campaigned
against it with an argument that
the UAW had needlessly waived
double' time rates 'against the best
interests of the workers.
The White House announcement
said the double 'time for the
seventh day of work was to en
courage. In the interest of effi
ciency, one day of rest in seven.
The ' order permits payment for
work over 40 hours a week at the
rate of time and a, half, as pro
vided in the wage-hour act
Tliackers Buy
KuKn Dwelling
Sale ; of the .895 North Cottage
street dwelling of Mr. and Mrs.
V. E. Kuhn to Mr. and Mrs. Harry
Thacker 'for an': unrepealed .sum
marks the transfer of one of Sa
lem's larger residence properties.
Built by them 12 years ago, the
house is', to be - vacated, by the
Kuhns sometime 'this fall after
they have secured another place to
live, they said Wednesday in dis
cussing' the sale; of the' property
and some of the furnishings. The
Thackers, now living at the Thack
er and- Wiliiamr htP ranch 1 on
roXite : two; ' expect -to make the
Cottage street house their home.
After the war 'the Kuhns plari to
build on Winter steet property,
they said. -
ers
About India
- When the , All-India congress
party meets it conducts its bust
ness In English although the ob
ject of .the meetings is to separate
India from England," Dr.- George
Allen Odgers told Salem, Rotarians
Wednesday.
Dr, Odgers has taught for many
years in India and is now dean of
Multnomah college, Portland. He
spoke of the many religions, which
go to make up the population of
India and the conflicts which re
sult from these groups.
- He ventured the opinion that if
India falls to the Japanese it will
lengthen' the war but said he was
not a prophet
US Buying T.Iilk '
CHICAGO, Sept 8-OVFrank
E. Rice, executive secretary of the
Evaporated Milk association, said
Wednesday , the federal depart
ment of agriculture has accumu
lated more than 25,CC3,CC0,CC
cases cf evaporated mule
BdtiMe
Qui
h ff
VVV.VV.VV. - , NEWS pins- CC: -
.. , . UUNITY NW& . - -
TAzk la.
worn
t , 7T
Mi
7771
if
Invasion
Sldlled FiglitersFlai : v
Allied Troops on Trail;
Other Action Said light
; GEN MacAUTHURfS HEADQUAllTERS, AUI
TRALIA,; Thur sdy, !Sept. 10. (AP) Japan
troops have pushed through the Owen Stanley moun t
tains and now are less than 44 miles from the big allied v
base of Port Moresby, keystone of New Guinea tlefen i
ses, an allied communique
The enemy "successfully outflanked our position! :
at Myola" on the northern side of the mountains,' reach
ed Ef ogi on the southern side only 44 miles from Port
Moresby,' and did still another outflanking mofementi " -
the allied command Announced .; -
fighting is now to the
1
Yanli Offense
Rolling Again
Airmen Bomb Glxo in
Solomons to North :
Of Guadalcanal .
WASHINGTON, )S pi; 9-(ip)
American air forces,. turning once
mors' to the cf;.ensi?e in the Eolo4
raon islands bombed and strafed
Japanese shore Installations on
GizO" Island, 213 miles northwest
of the US base on ' Guadalcanal,
the navy 4 reported Wednesday
night -r
The 4 operation was carried out
last Sunday without any resist
ance from the enemy' and ap
parently marked the start., of 1 a
whole new phase of offensive ac
tivity in the conquest of the Solo
mons. Ever since the Solomons,
invasion started August 7, it has
been expected that, consolidation
of American positions in the south
eastern section of the islands
would be followed by attacks on
Jap positions to the northwest
The navy communique disclos
ing the aerial assault on Giao said
that the process of mopping up
enemy units in Guadalcanal : was
continuing.;
Another disclosure of the com
munique was that on September
5 a navy patrol plane shot down
large Japanese four-engined
flying boat northwest of the Solo
mons. No details of this engage
ment were 'given, but the, loss of
the flying boat brought to at least
123 the number of planes which
the Japs have had destroyed in
Solomons fighting to date. "
(Turn to Page 2, CoL 8) "
Lease Proposal , : S
Presented For,
Ghrome SKmrig . "
Proposal to lease three .40-acre
tracts to tidal beach': sands in
southwest' Oregon for chrome ore
extraction operations' at a return
to the state ischool-irreducible
school fund of 7 per cent of
gross sales was presented to the
state land board .Wednesday on
behalf of the Oregon.Chrome
company. The board, took the pro
posal under consideration. ' ;-. -1
'Should the lease be granted and
the operation prove out as antici
pated, the return to the school
fund would be substantial- board
members indicated.
Two . corporations : are working
on chrome operations on Coos
county beach sands above. . tide
level. The state's royalty, rights
extend only, from the high tide
level westward into the sea.
Drink IsFatal,
HtAngel Lad
MOUNT ANGEL, Sept
Eiht-ycar-oli . John Meissner
went exploring in an old cannery
buildlzg here Wednesday,
- He found ft bottle, drank part
of its contents, and died ew
hours later in a Silverton hos
pital. - - . -
, The bottle contained a weed
killer. , .
He was the son cf Mr, and Mrs.
Peter Meissner.
YeaH Cad as ewr?s?et
. can (ire more real sa&fae ,
Ilea than vcrr loci, tzar? -
11 12
said Thursday. . . I ; . i
south along a narrow trail
U: i, C'D'- 'I " ?'
MdAQ(B'
which leads across a mountain&ui f
divide," the ominous communiqui
said. v .-, . - : - '
; Allied airplanes bombed and
strafed the enemy in cooperatioii
with ground forces Which werifr :
fighting -"tenaciously an! gall an V "
ly under conditions of extraordj
nary hardship and difficulty thf
war bulletin 'said. ' . .
The allied defense forces wcr
commanded by Lieut Gen. 8. F. '
Rowell, former deputy chief 9! tli ;
Australian' general staft- . ..;-','
The drive to Efogf represented
A 16-mile "t-vrcpf; front' Kokoda
whereithe SmatU t;xa' tleiy
drive-feveraJkday ago. - .
Zispatchei from-I'll Iroal .
,sald: that the -enemy, already .-
."has covered the tougltest part
of the tortaoas trail lesdiag t "
; Port Moresby,' . J - - " : ,J . .
. .. Efogi Is 44 aaOes by air from
Port Moresby and IS or trait
The enemy faeea several mown
tain ranges before reaching '
comparatively level g r a a i
leading to the allied base, '
-While acknowledging that ,thf -
fighting was under the worst post
sible conditions, officials here alio
pointed out that the Japanese thuf
far had shown a particular adapt
ability to this type of fighting.
. The enemy Is reported . usinf
special Jungle fighters who par '
ticipated In the overrunning cf
Malya and Singapore, and thd -'
tactics are the same a steady in ,:.
filtration and outflanking of al' '.
lied defenders who are supplied
over muaoj mouniainous pains .,- .
from Port Moresby. ' " tj '
Port Moresby's seLraro would - -
deprive ' the allies of Its only : '
well-developed b a s in New : '
Guinea, and open the way to a
Japanese Invasloo) of Australia
Cape York e the horthern tip -
of Australia Is snly US miles
from Port Moresby widen Is
equipped with- an . airdrome '
whence allied bombers have
been; striking, at enemy bases .
In p p e r and eastern New ' '
Guinea t V". "; - -
7 The .atrength" ot the; Japanese
forces now menacing the, base was .
not known,' nor have any figure
been released-on the size of thf v
PortIoresby garrison.
. vvrfn tne Japanese first landed .;,
at! tuha-Gona mission on th 3 '
eastern) side of -the Papuan penin
suia utie in Juiy weir strengta
was estimated is high as 2501) i
men. Reinforcements of undis ',
closed number have Ueen landed '"-
JTurn to Page 2, CoL I) '
wr - -.
vater limes
Ashed For r
Fl Sheds
' Installitlcn St a pipe line tndt '
several hydrants, for the protec
tion of the state penitentiary flax
sheds, 'was recommended by the
state board of control Wednesday.
' The cost of the project was es
timated at S 20,000. ,
The board deferred action en
the report until the next meeting.
Recent fires destroyed two cf
the prison flax sheds and content!
with a loss estimated 8t ?S3,C33.
, Warden George Alexander's re
port, having to do with Ldw ths
fires started, was not completed la
time for Wednesday's maetir.g of
the board but wEl be prc::r.tci '
next week, he said. The trsca
squad of the state police depart
ment'Is assisting Alexander li V. 3
investigation.' .-.-.'
. Both flax !.c2s are to 1 1 rtV-Hi