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"Wo Favor Sways Ui; No Fear Shall Awe"
From First Statesman, March 28, 1851
THE STATESMAN PUBLISHING CO.
CHARLES A. S PRAGUE. President
Member ef The Associated Press
The Associated Press Is exclusively entitled to the use for publication at all
news dispatches credited to It or not otherwise credited In this newspaper.
j9
Sbyi I 1 COM TO MOHAMAD, yv 1 1
?SKfsA yfe 4 THEN MOttAMMEDMUSfJ SSA ,
Nisssia KB-aaaw"
Cliana nf '1'fiinnra trk Cjmt
The flat prediction that air power would
determine the outcome of future wars origi
nally voiced according to some sources not by
Billy Mitchell nor any other military authority
but by that genius of constructive mechanical
evolution, Alexander Graham Bell has been
coming true by gradual stages. In the Spanish
revolution, almost forgotten though it ended
less than three years ago, air power proved an
efficient auxiliary arm but failed as an inde
pendent weapon of conquest. To date that has
been the history of this war. Combined air and
land or air and sea assaults have been success
ful. But the Germans while in possession of
marked air superiority failed miserably in their
project of smashing England exclusively by
the overhead method.
This last weekend the British introduced
a new technique with results which the United
Nations are frenziedly applauding. Heretofore
bombing alone- even our bombing of Tokyo
has been a warfare of attrition, for which per
haps a better name is "abrasion." It has been
a matter of wearing down the enemy. But this
bombing raid in which more than one thousand
planes concentrated their destructive potential
upon one city, constituted warfare of annihi
lation. Cologne is, or rather was, a city of some
768,000 population; more than twice the size
of Portland, almost exactly the size of Boston,
somewhat larger than Pittsburgh which it re
sembled in industrial production. Imagine what
the wiping out of Pittsburgh would mean to
the United States war effort.
Tentative box scores suggest that the con
centrated effort was decidedly economical in
relation to its effectiveness. More than forty
of the bombers were shot down but that meant
only about 4 per cent "of the total force. Reasons
why it should be economical are not difficult to
see. German air defense forces must be widely
scattered to protect all of the possible targets.
A hundred fighter planes at Cologne, a hun
dred more at Hamburg, a larger force at Ber
lin and smaller ones at dozens of other possible .
RAF objectives can trade blow for blow, more
or less, with relatively small bomber detach
ments and their protective fighters. But when
a huge air armada concentrates upon Cologne,
only the defense force there, diminutive by
comparison, can oppose it. The effect of such
concentration with respect to anti-aircraft de
fenses is quite comparable.
So the British, with American aid which
this time was largely in the nature of materials
and supplies but which next time may include
a substantial percentage of American fliers,
have introduced a new phase of aerial warfare.
. The success of such forays is fairly well
demonstrated in the smoking ruins of Cologne.
The unknown quantity in this equation is the
ability of United Nation forces to repeat and
repeat again. How often can such an attack be
mounted? That is the big question. If it can be
done frequently enough, this technique will
prove the equal in effectiveness of a major land
Invasion.
Anyway, the weekend news was good.
Salem's Production Curve
i
School's out for the summer. School boys
and girls of suitable ages are turning their
. thoughts in the direction of jobs and to a
greater extent than ever before, at least within
their experience, there are jobs to be had.
Berry harvests are beginning and for once
there is no great influx of adults and transient
families to compete with the young people.
There is in fact the prospect that before the
summer is over there will be serious shortage
of workers in many divisions of the food-gathering
and processing industry. The community
volunteer turnout for harvest work, begun in
Salem last year and now becoming a nation
wide program for which Salem has received
due credit, will have to be continued and ex
panded here this season if the crops are to be
salvaged.
The truth is that in Salem and its vicinity
within the territory from which Salem draws
its economic substance there is going to be
more work and more jobs than in any given
period in the past. This city's permanent indus
tries are running to capacity and to their num
- ber has been restored, to the gratification of
all concerned, the sawmill which has been idle
for most of a decade. The state payroll is as
large as ever.
And on top of all this, there is Camp
' Adair. So long as the Salem residents working
at Camp Adair made the daily trip in their
private automobiles, their growing numbers
were scarcely visible except as the heavy traf
fic on the intervening highways was observed.
When the Salem chamber of commerce first
broached its low-cost transportation plan, even
some of the businessmen who pledged financial
support were skeptical.
What has happened? Within a few days
after service was started the busses provided
in the original arrangements proved unequal
to the demand; it 'now appears that perhaps
a dozen or more will be needed. Even after
construction is completed there will be need
1 for a vast amount of civilian services to the
camp.
Where are the lugubrious ones who pre
dicted, that wartime conditions would, as they
did to some extent in the last war, make Salem
a "deserted village?" Exactly the opposite is
happeningand- "we ain't seen nothin' yet."
Steel and zinc buttons are being substituted
for solid brass buttons on the uniforms of en
listed men, aviation students and army nurses,
. the war department announces. The new but
tons are coated with brass andJook exactly like
the old ones but use only 30 per. cent of the
amount .of brass formerly required. Officers,
it may. be judged from the text of the an
nouncement, will still wear ,"brass buttons.
Oh well, probably they never did have that
stultifying effect suggested by common use of
the phrase.
Hate Schools
Anyone with rudimentary knowledge of
freshman psychology should have known it
would be a flop. And we fear that a good many
well-intentioned officers who merely obeyed
orders are so mortified they dread the sight
of an enlisted man.
Someone had the bright idea of starting
"hate schools" for the British commandos. Atro
city movies, "hate talks" and inflammatory
slogans posted all about the place were the
means. The idea was to make the men tougher
and more savage.
It wouldn't have been a good thing if it
had worked. A soldier who sees red isn't as
effective as one who keeps his wits about him.
And it wouldn't have worked even if it
hadn't been so patently ridiculous. The Ger
mans managed it but only by catching then
subjects quite "young and by convincing them
of a lot of things that weren't so.
The hate schools have been cancelled.
ft
'HAM
Paul M alios
n
"Bring your own sugar" will be no joke,
with respect to lodge and church dinners. Such
institutions unless they serve at least four
meals weekly, are not entitled to "institution
al" sugar allotments.
News Behind
The News
By PAUL MALLON
(Distribution by King Features Syndicate. Inc. Repro
duction in whole or in part strictly prohibited.)
WASHINGTON, June 1 Inside congress a
demand is arising for a singleheaded handling of
gas rationing and rubber, just as strong as the
movement which forced consoli
dation of war production under
Donald Nelson with such excel
lent results.
Threaded all through the
Truman committee report are
statements attributing our tire,
and hence our gas, rationing con
fusion to the division of author
ity among many government
bureaus. Other mistakes are
mentioned in connection with
failures in every phase of the
problem (stock pile, synthetic
rubber, etc.)
Bickering has resulted be
tween Jesse Jones, the war production board, Hen
derson, war department, Ickes and everyone else
who has had anything to do with our prime
civilian problem. But in every case, the committee
goes back to division of authority as the root cause.
Of our failure to accumulate a rubber stock
pile, the committee says there was division of
authority between OPM, Rubber Reserve Corp.,
the RFC subsidiary, and others, adding:
"It is possible that had complete authority
and responsibility been centered in the hands of
a single agency, the failure might have been
avoided."
Concerning the inadequacy of our synthetic
rubber planning, it mentions the conflict between
the old Stettinius advisory committee and the
reconstruction finance corporation as causing
"great difficulty in obtaining a decision."
Of the whole mess today, it concludes:
"At the present time it appears the prin
cipal difficulties probably result from a lack of
centralized and sole responsibility."
While the more spec tacular clash of personali
ties involved in the committee's generous distri
bution of blame has been drawing most of the
popular attention, this correctible cause of the
whole existing muddled situation has been over
looked. Disheartening aspect to the congressmen, how
ever, is that a year and a half of agitation was
necessary to cause centralized control of war pro
duction in Nelson, so ardently do the various offi
cials fight to retain their authority. If it takes
another year and a half before rubber and gas
are put under single control, the war could be over.
The unsatisfactory state of rubber affairs in
the government was illustrated again when Pres
ident Roosevelt promised early solution by manu
facturing tires other than rubber.
Around the war production board and the
other government bureaus dealing with rubber,
no explanation of what FDR had In mind was
available. It was said politely that the president was
probably just talking offhand (meaning he did not
know what he was talking about).
About 25 or 30 Ideas for making wood, tarred
rope or steel spring tires without rubber have
been submitted to the national inventors coun
cil, but no government rubber authority believes
these will solve the situation.
The other officials swear the public cannot
expect tires of any kind for at least two or three
years. They say the only possible solution is syn
thetic rubber, because no more than 40,000 to
50,000 tons a year is possible from Brazil.
They are pushing the Butadiene process as
fast as they can, but if they succeed in all their
plants, they say they can furnish only enough
tires for military and essential civilian (police,
ambulance, etc.) use.
Even Donald Nelson was caught short by the
president's optimism. His pessimistic statement
(founded on above mention d facts) reached the
public just before Mr. Roosevelt spoke, and Mr.
Nelson thereupon emerged from his political, but
not his rubber, difficulties by adding that he also
hoped American ingenuity would save the situation.
Here again was a perfect example of division
of authority resulting in chaos.
So also with the administration of gas ra
tioning. Practically everybody has been speaking
his official piece to the public. Even Assistant
War Secretary Patterson issued a public warning
a couple of weeks back, although no one seems
to know exactly how he got in on that particular
subject
As matters stand now Petroleum Coordinator
Ickes keeps track of oil and gas (censoring the
figures also) and then tells Donald Nelson or
Nelson's Transportation Coordinator Eastman
about it, and this party or these parties of -the
second part pass the word on to Leon Henderson,
the party of the third part, who does the rationing
through his organization.
Certainly gas rationing lacks , singleheaded
authority, just as rubber. . ; 1
If one man could be appointed to run either
or both, and all the rest told to shut up, existing
confusion would at least be ended and a straight
Bne policy would be possible.
A
1500 Years Doesn't Seem to Have Convinced Anybody
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Editorial
Comments
DAMNING EVIDENCE
Continued maintenance of
WPA administrative personnel
in Oregon, on a scale comparable
to that believed necessary dur
ing previous years when the
rolls were several, times what
they are today, was criticized
here this week by David Eccles,
former state budget director.
Eccles insisted WPA not only
clings to the army of paid help
in the Portland office but re
fuses to yield any of the agency's
three and one-half floors in the
Bedell building to requests for
space from the state price and
rationing boards, new agencies
created by war demands.
Eccles suggested that probably
most of the 10,000 persons re
maining on WPA in this state
could be absorbed by the state
and county welfare commission.
It is known that many of these
people are unemployable, for one
reason and another, and may not
be assimilated by private busi
ness or industry, even though the
demand for help is high. Thus it
may be assumed there is a place
for the federal work agency even
today in government, provided
that place is Justified by its re
lation to other considerations of
necessity, expense and conveni
ence. However, no matter how tol
erant and liberal the view on
continuation of WPA, it is mani
festly preposterous to maintaain
an administrative framework for
operation of a program on a
high-load scale, when the pro
gram itself has been slashed to
a fraction of its previous size.
The criticism need not rest on
ethical or political grounds, but
is Justly made from the point of
common sense and simple busi
ness judgment Furthermore, to
charge unnecessary administra
tive offsets against WPA proj
ects now considered vital to na
tional defense, amounts to an
unnecessary sacrifice of very
vital funds for the job at hand.
Incidents such as this add
damning evidence to the case
against bureaucracy that at
tempts to perpetuate itself re
gardless of whether or not its
existence In government is justi
fied by the function assigned to
it No one may be expected to
believe, very sincerely or for
. any length of time, that men
practicing this sort tf thing are
working in the public interest
- Astorian-Budget ' ;
GUtSS tlx STICK AROUND
Wttlle iOHutK wo
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By KIRKE L. SIMPSON
Wide World War Analyst
For The Statesman
A funeral pyre befitting the
thousand British dead of Cov
entry has been lighted at last
by their countrymen in the heart
of the German Rhineland to as
sure them that they did not die
In vein.
They waited long, those men,
women and children who sleep
n common graves in England's
midlands. Nazi airpower seemed
the unchallenged master of even
English skies that November
night 18 months ago when death
rained down on them from
above.
Tet this June day the smoking-
ruins ef what ence was
Germany's great Industrial
city ef Cologne, bomb-blasted
as no other city has ever been,
give evidence ef more than
vengeance. They prove that
the deadly right arm ef Hit
lerism, its air arm. has been
matched and exceeded.
Cologne was Coventry over
again, but trebled or quadrupled.
A thousand British bombers
freighted with gigantic missiles
carried the ruthless war to Ger
many as against perhaps 500
nazi ships which shattered Cov
entry that November night in
1940 in Britain's blackest hour.
And tomorrow, when American
battle planes supplement Brit
ain's mighty armada, it may be
2000 or 3000 ships a night that
wing their way to stamp out
Hitlerism in Germany by city.
The terror nazism loosed upon a
peaceable and unready world is
being slowly but certainly rolled
back upon its author from the
west and from the east.
For implicit in the Cologne
bombing and frantic nazi ef
forts to disguise its true propor
tions from the German people
Is the same lesson that can be
read now on the Russian front
and in Libya. The initiative, the
power of surprise, has been
wrenched from Hitler's grasp.
He can no longer mass crush
ingly overwhelming power by
air to deal swift and stunning
'Crime at
By EDITH BRISTOL
Chapter 28 Continued
The night light burned dimly
in the upper hall. That meant
they were still out. I closed my
door and crept back to the win
dow, still straining my ears for
the sound below.
Now I knew what it was. It
was someone breaking into the
locked cabinet in Walter Gregg's
study. The cabinet where the
business papers were filed. How
long ago it seemed that I had
filed them there.
I could feel my heart pound
ing so hard it seemed to me
whoever was downstairs could
hear its beat. My pulse pounded
in my ears and my cheeks
burned with excitement
The upstairs telephone was in
the hall If I called for help,
the intruder would get away. If
I only had that gun Miss Bald
win had talked about!
The rasping of metal contin
ued, now loud, now softer below
me. If I was going to act, I must
act quickly before the marauder
finished his Job and was gone.
I acted.
I acted but I acted on im
pulse. And foolishly enough, as
it turned out
I tiptoed across my bedroom
and carried my bedside lamp,
unlighted, to the window ledge.
There I tipped it so it would
throw a beam straight on the
window below and anyone es
caping through the window
would pass through Its light.
Then I fumbled in the drawer ,
of my dressing table it takes
longer to tell it than it did to do
. it for something hard that I
could throw. Something solid
and hot too large. My vanity
compact the very thing!
Leaning out the window I took
careful aim at the pane beneath
me there was just enough pale
moonlight for that moving so
stealthily that I knew I would
not alarm the intruder until he
felt the crash of my round metal
missile.
rd smash the glass, he must
run out and, as he did so, I'd
switch on my light and see who
it was. I counted on his leaving,
as he must have come, through
the window and not by way of
the house nor through the long
windows of the passage opening
on the patio.
With all the force I could sum
mon I threw the compact I
beard it smash the class, the
sound of a man's voice, clatter
of metal on metal. I reached to
switch on my lamp tripped on
its long electric cord and fell,
sprawling on the floor!
As I struggled to pick myself
- up, I could hear the noise of
someone scrambling through the
window below- me. Footsteps
blows on chosen front before
allied strength to stem bis vic
tory tide can be rallied to meet
Art
Twice new sinee the eemlaw
of spring in Earepe the Ger
mans and their Italian pas
pets have struck eat to regain
the mastery that the Initiative
fives ta wax. Ia the eastern.
Crimea and then la eastern
Libya their offensive Mews
have aeea alckly snaffled y .
allied counter action.
The battles in Russia havt
simmered away to slow motion
to leave Russian armies in thf
Kharkov - Krasnograd - Iryum
bulge, not the Germans on re
conquered Kerch Isthmus, mas
ters of the strategic situation in
the Ukraine. The door to ths
vital Caucasus appears . still
firmly closed in Hitler's face.
In Libya a nazi-fascist diver
sion attack has been sucked into
a dangerous British trap, ac
cording to reports from Cairo,
and. is already seeking escape
westward. A broad British counter-offensive
is hinted at, al
though there is room for doubt
that it will be launched in the
near future.
Such a campaign would
draw British forces away from
the eastern Mediterranean,
and might imperiall Sues. It
seems more important that
General Rommel's forces be
shattered beyond all hope of
early aggressive action than
that he be-driven out of the
Libyan hump immediately.
However, surveying the situa
tion on all three active fronts
at the moment, from Cologne to
Libya and to the Ukraine, one
thing is becoming crystal clear.
Hitler's failure to achieve air
, control in Libya and in south
ern Russia, even though he
transferred large aerial forces
from Germany itself and his vast
conquered area of the continent,
has thus far been his undoing.
It is he, not the allies, who seem
to be suffering now from dis
persion of air strength on too
many tasks. And that could
prove the beginning of the end
for him.
Castaway'
running across the gravel of the
yard. A motor picking up and
an automobile moving away.
Domino was barking , by this
time I am sure it wjas the
sound of the shattering glass
and not the presence ofj the in
truder that disturbed him Mar
tha came running upstairs with
Ace and Deuce pattering behind
her.
(To be continued)
Today's Garden
By LILLIE L. MADSEN
Many inquiries concerning
calla lilies have been; reaching
me recently. Particularly as to
their adaptability out of doors.
They do very well out of doors
in the Willamette valley and
even much better at the beach
cottages. The cool moist air of
the oceanside seems to suit them
best.
But I; have seen some very
good clumps In the valley this
spring. Plant them in a rather
sheltered spot, give them rich
soil and do hot let them dry out
during their blooming period
usually in May. This last seems
rather superfluous this spring,
but there are Mays in which ir
rigation will have to be resorted
to if the callas are to be at their
best. There are a number of
clumps around which are 15 to
20 years in age, so it would
seem they will withstand our
winters very well. Good blooming-sized
bulbs should not cost
over 25 cents and they multiply
comparatively rapidly if the soil
- is favorable. It should not be too
heavy and drainage should be
good.
H. A. reports that she marked
some wild trilliums and wants
to know if they can be moved
now.
Answer: It would be better if
she waited until the foliage be
gan to wither down. If the bulbs
are well marked there should be
no difficulty in finding them.
Remember they grow rather
deeply. And in planting them In
your own garden find a place
somewhat similar to their natu
ral habitat Give them good loose
oil filled with leaf mold.
How Year l:
Ccsgr&snan Voted
a Major Measures af f ectlng
War Policies will be told ex
clusively in
The Chrislian
r Science Ilcnilor
Available Today at the
Christian Science ' Reading'
;': '4 Boom ,: j. - .
New Laeatioa 148 S. High