is riii'iwgisS5S.!5i- J
Th OREGON STATESMAN. Salem. Oregon. Friday Morning. October 24. 1941
PAGE SIXTEEN
Stock
Market
In Late Rally
Last Hall Hour Play
Puts Bourse on More
; Solid Spot for Day
. NEW YO R K, Oct 23-flVA
late rally in steels, rails and air
crafts, together with ; persistent
firmness of oils, Thursday enabled
the stock market to finish a rather
pathetic session on fairly solid
'ground.
Nerlifible irrerularity pre
vailed after an early slifht up--tarn
was stemmed by light of
ferings. Dealings were slnsrtsh
until the final half -honr when
bidding became a bit more-live-,
i ly. Advances were mostly In
' fractions at the close and small
i declines were plentiful. '
. The Associated Press average of
60 stocks was up .1 of . a point at
41.2. Transfers totalled 541,020
shares compared with 487,340 the
day before.
A brisk forward swing in com
modities after considerable shaki
ness in . the morning may ' have
had something to do with the .be
lated comeback in securities.
Among stocks Westinghouse and
U. S. Gypsum dipped to new
' year's lows but managed to come
out with minor plus signs.
. Consolidated Aircraft made a
new 1941 high. On the upside
were U. S. Steel, Bethlehem,
Youngstown sheet, Santa Fe, N. Y,
Central, Great Northern, Chesa
peake & Ohio, Atlantic Coast line,
Boeing, United Aircraft, Standard
Oil (N.J.), Texas Corp., Socony
.Vacuum, Western Union, J. C.
Penney, J. I. Case, Chrysler and
U. S. Rubber.
Eastman Kodak dropped 2
points and lesser losses included
Anaconda, Caterpillar Tractor,
Goodrich, Montgomery Ward,
Woolworth and Sears Roebuck.
American Woolen preferred was
down 1 when directors post
poned action on farther redac
tion of dividend accumulations
until November;
Large blocks of United Corp.,
unchanged at 516, accounted for
a sizable portion of the day's turn
over. .
Closing Quotations
NEW YORK, Oct 23-(P)-Today'g closing quotations:
Air Reduction 38
Alaska Juneau . 2
Al Chem & Dye 151
Allis Chalm 27
American Can 82
Am Car & Fdy 27y
Am Rd &rStd Stn -54
Am Roll Mills 12
Am Smelt & Rf 38
Am Tel & Tel -152
Amer Tobacco B 68
Am Water Wks .3
Amer Zinc L & S 5
Anaconda 26 V4
Armour 111 AY
Atchison 29
Aviation Corp 3
Baldw Loco 14
Bendix Avia - 37
Beth Steel -.62
Boeinf Air 20
Borden 21 -
Borg Warner 20
Calif Pack 22
Calumet Hec ..6
Canada Dry 15
Canadian Pac 1
Caterpillar Trac -41
Celanese 23
Chesa & Ohio 36
Chrysler .......56
Col Gas & Elec
Commer Solvent ..9
Consolid Aircraft 22
Consolid Edison 15
Consolid Oil .-...6
Continental O" ..37
Corn Prod 49
Crown Zeller 12
Curtiss Wright 8
Doug Aircraft 74
Du Pont De N -146
Eastman Kodak 134
Elec Pow & Lt 114
Gen Foods 41
Gen Motors 39
Goodrich 20
Goodyear 18
Great North 24
Greyhound 13
Illinois Central 7
Insp Copper 10
Internat Harv 50
Internat Nickel ..27
In Pap & P Pfd 68
Inter Tel & Tel 2
' Johns Manville 60
Libbey-O-Ford .26
Lockheed : 27
Lowe's 8
Nash Kelv .-44
Nat Biscuit ..17
Nat Dairy Prod -15
Nat Lead 15
NY Central .. 11
North Amer Co -12
North Pacific 6
Ohio Oil 9
Otis Steel -.J 6
Pac Amer Fish 10
Pac Gas & Elec JZ2V
Packard 2
Pan Amer Air 16
Paramount Pic 14
J C Penney 84
Penn RR . 22
Phelps Dodge 27
Phillips Pet -44
Proc & GamWe 57
Pub Serv NJ 17
Pullman 24
Rayonier Pfd 28
Republic Steel 17
Richfield Oil 10
Sears Roe L.68
Shell Union 14
Socony Vacuum -10
South Pacific 12
Stan Brands 5V4
Stone. & Webster -6
Studebaker 5
Sunshine Mining -5Vs
Texas Corp -.4
Trans-America 72
Union Carbide 15 ;
Union Pacific 74
United Airlines 14 ;
United Drug ..5
United Foods 71
US Rubber .--..24
US Rubber Pfd 97-
Vanadium 22
Warner Pic 15
West Union : 9
Westing Elec iI.72
HOPS :
(Baying Prices)
-Seeded - --.
lfrU contract
141
Seedlc
. JO
33 to 3
. 3
LIVESTOCK .
-1 (Baying prices far No. 1 stock, based
on conditions and sales reported up to
4 pan.) - -si - .
Top lambs ""' ' ' ' ' ' 9 50
Ewes 4X0 to 6.00
Hogs, top 160-220 lb. -105
Sowi 1 0 00 '
VeaL too ' H0
Dairy typo cows,.
Bce cows 11 1
Bulla ;
Heiiers
WOOL AND MOHAIR
Wool ' '
Lambs -
Mohair . ,
S 00 to 423
ISO to 1M
8.00 to 8.75
t50 to 133
as
40
Quotations at Portland
Produce Exchange
The magic of modern dairy Industry makes it possible to shrink five
quarts of fluid mQk iato one quart of dried milk. Add water and dried
milk powder becomes fluid again. Dried milk is in great demand for
export to friendly nations abroad. It takes little space in the holds
of ships, stays sweet without refrigeration, and can be used as a sub
stitute for fresh milk for children. The U. S. Department of Agricul
ture has placed dried milk high on the list of "defense foods" whose
Increased production is sought during 1941 and '42.
"Strictly Private"
By Quinn Hall
Grain Market
Gains Late
CHICAGO, Oct 23-(P)-Approv-al
by a congressional committee
of legislation requiring the de
partment of agriculture to make
fann loans at 100 per cent of par
ity in 1942 and 1943 gave a last
minute fillip to grain prices
Thursday.
Idling along through a very dull
session, the tirheat and corn pits
were galvanized into action by
announcements of the action of
the house agriculture 'committee.
Only Wednesday the same com
mittee had agreed to extend the
present 85 per cent price pegging
loans for another two years, and
Thursday's action was a surprise.
Prior to the Washington an
nouncement, the pits were notice
ably quiet Buying orders were
scarce, but there were enough on
hand to hold the prices of grains
at about Wednesday's closing
levels. Wheat prices bulged two
itents a bushel, however, shortly
(before the finish, but profit tak
ing quickly cut this in half.
"At the closej wheat was -l
cents higher than Wednesday's
finis, December 1.15-, May
1.20-.
II CT fix
DEAR. UAUK-
ffcWS RXJND Tlt HJBUC RaATlOWS DEPT.
HE TVWS ITS A fWE-rTOtSHEb BV
THE ABW 3UST POK. SODiCRS: EOffTKeS.
HE S0P MADE. WWSEUF RSfiWT AT HOVE-
P.&. 1 JWEAM MB
HAt Ha fEET VSP
CM THE. TABIC
AP Ptttutn
The prices below supplied by a lo
cal grocer aro Indicative of the daily
market prices paid to growers by Sa
lem buyers but are not guaranteed by
The Statesman:
VEGETABLES
Apples, box , ,
Beets, bunch, doz.
Brussels sphout, flat
taDDage
Cabbage, Chinese, doz.
Carrots
Cauliflower, crate
Celery, green
Discrimination Charge Brought
Against Truck Freight Rates
Wholesale Mart
Offerings Slow
.
- PORTLAND,' Oct 23-P)-Of-ferings
on the East Side Fanners'
wholesale market were very light
Thursday, due to the generally
dull tone of trading in the last
few days.
? Brussels sprouts and green broc
coli went quickly. The former
brought 80-85 cents box. Cabbage
went up a nickel to 90 cents a
crate "on light offerings.
Red cabbage held its own with
best sorts up to 75 cents crate.
Bulk of the trade was at 60-70
cents However, local' offerings
brought 80 cents to l. Chinese
lettuce was around 75 cents crate.
Doll Show Proceeds
Go for Benefits
EILVERTON Queen Eugenia
will be host this Friday afternoon
and tonight to dolls from through
out the country at a doll "party
to be held in connection with the
PTA fall festival and " hobby
show. Proceeds will be used for
lunch room, student - aid, milk
fund and other projects of the
PTA. . '
- Try se of htoet reasedies.
Amixlni SUCCESS for ssot
years In CHINA. Mo natter with
what ailment jrea ars AFFLICT
ED disorders, siaatitis, heart,
lanr, liver, kidneys, atoauich,
ess, . constipation, ulcers, dia-.
fcetis, fever, skin, tenuis coa-
plaint
C::"!:5Ei
Chinese Herb. Co.
n
Complaint that truck freight
rates on edible nuts from Salem
to San Francisco were discrimi
natory was voiced to Floyd Miller,
president of the Salem chamber of
commerce, Thursday by M. P.
Adams, manager of the Salem
Nut Growers cooperative.
Adams said that Salem shippers
of walnuts, for instance, were be
ing charged 96 cents a hundred
pounds for the haul to San Fran
cisco whereas the rate from Port
land to the Bay city was only 73
cents. Furthermore, he complain
ed, nuts could be trucked to
Portland for 12 Vi cents, reshipped
to San Francisco for 73 and the
total expense still be held below
sending them direct
Manager Fred D. Thielsen of
the chamber, to whom Miller re
ferred the complaint, said a lo
cal truck operator was investi
gating the rate question in Port
land today at his request
"If this investigation doesn't
produce results, we'll go to Sen.
McNary and the interstate com
merce commisison," Thielsen said.
"This sounds like unfair discrimi
nation."
Rail rates are slightly lower,
says Thielsen, but the nut ship
pers wish for various reasons to
utilize services of the truck lines.
Walnut Harvests Near
Finish at Fairview
F A I RVIEW Eighteen nickers
have completed harvesting- 40
acres of walnuts at the Ross Rog
ers farm here. The nuts are of
high grade.
At the Peter Parvin 35-acre
young walnut orchard five pickers
are earning daily an averaee of
more than. $4 each! The harvest is
almost at a close. -
crricoi Honrs Only
Toes. id Gat,
rr, ttl t e m. sod
baa. and Wed., t
s-iiu to HSt . f
i:2 N. Com! SU Salem, Or.
Unionvale Man Ends
Silo Filling Season
UNIONVALE Silo filling with
his ensilage cutter was completed
Tuesday by August Auer.
Included in the season's run
were 11 silo fillings for himself
and neighbors. The silos ranged
in sizeJrom 8 feet diameter and 30
feet tall to 12x32 feet The later
sue contains approximately 94
tons 01 corn. ,
Filberts . and filbert Meats
Walnuts and Walnut Bleats
Cash Paid oa Delivery
Hclky Fwqziir
Salem, Oregon .
Improvements
Finished at
State Lab
Enlargement of the state de
partment of agriculture labora
tories at Salem to double the size
of the bacteriological and dairy
products laboratory has recently
been completed
In the same move, the bacteri
ological and dairy products analy
ses become one unit, Instead of
the dairy products being handled
In the general laboratory. As a
result, a greater volume of work
ma." be handled efficiently with
out increasing the personnel, de
partment officials point out
Two major pieces of equip
ment an electrically heated and
driven centrifuge and an incuba
tor as well as modern work
counters have been added. In the
general laboratory a handsome
and practical new work counter
has been installed as result of re
moval of the old one to the de
partment's permanent food analy
sis booth at the state fairgrounds.
The general laboratory is now
devoted to analyses of economic
poisons, fertilizers, foods, food or
animal poisoning and miscellan
eous work. No changes were made
in the commercial feeds labora
tory, already rated the finest on
the coast
At present the bacteriological
and dairy laboratory is handling
from 400 to 500 samples per
month; the general laboratory
from 250 to 300 samples per
month; and the commercial feeds,
100 Ao 150 samples per . month,
These three laboratories are op
erated under the foods and dairies
division, A. W. Metzger, chief,
with four members on the staff
J. D. Patterson, chief chemist, A.
H. Dewey and Vireil Hiatt chem
ists; and Ruth .Ward, bacteriolo
gist Dewey, incidentally, has de
signed much of the new equip
ment.
Melon Season Finished
PORTLAND, Oct 23-)-An
other farewell aDnearanee fnr tki,
lard cantaloupes was announced
inursaay on the wholesale mar'
ket Prices were auoted nominal
ly at $10, icasabas and honey
dews at $1 crate. Growers said
tne -offering definitely would
the last this season, h c. ,.
be
Wanted Wahiits,
Filberts and Net Meats
Cask Delivery, Orchard Boa
MORRIS KLORFEXN
. 46 N. Front St
Pae. Com.' - TeL 7633
Salem Market Quotations
Celery hearts, doz.
Danish squash
Garlic. ID.
Hubbard squash
Lettuce, tt
Mustard creens. doz.
Parsnips, lug
Onions, SO lbs.
Onions, green
Potatoes, 100 lbs.. No. new
Potatoes. No. 2, SO-lb. bag
Radishes, doz.
GRAIN, BAY AND SEEDS
(Maying races
Oats, No. 1
1.23
.40
.90
1.40
.65
J30
.90
1.40
M
-H)
J5
.015
1.50
.40
.60
125
30
1.90
.60
33
Feed barley, ton
Clover hay, ton
Alfalfa nay, ton
Dairy feed, SO-lb. bag
Hen scratch feed
Cracked corn
Wheat ,
30.00
30.00
. 9.00 to 10.00
14.00 to 16.00
1.75
2.25
225
1.00
JBQ to
BUTTER PRINTS:
Bay Ins Prices)
A
B
Quarters
.40
.39
.41
Baying prices: A grade
print mic; B grade S9He;
quarters 4Hc
EGGS AND POULTRY
(Buying Prices ot Andrescn's)
BUTTERFAT
No. 1 .40
No. 2 Mi
Premium - .41
Extra large white 5
Extra large brown 35
Medium 9
Standard 20
Pullets J9
Colored hens J6
Colored frys ., J7
Whits Leghorn J3
Old roosters JDi
(Buying Prices of Marlon Creamery)
BUTTERFAT
Premium .41
No. 1 . .40
No. 2 JS
EGGS
Larse A .33
Large B . , -
Medium A
Medium B
Pullets
Checks
Colored hens
Colored fryers .
Leghorn fryers
Leghorn hens
Old roosters
39
26
JS
22
JS
J4
J2
J3
sa
No. 2 poultry M less.
PORTLAND, Ore-' Oct MS (AP
Butter prints:. A grade 39',c in parch
ment wrappers; 40lic in , cartons; B
grade SSlfcc in parchment wrappers;
Sfll.c in cartons.' -
. Butterfat First quality. . maximum
6 of 1 per cent acidity, delivered Port
land, 3S-39V.C id. premium quality
(maximum of JSS'bt 1 per cent acidity),
40-40 , 4 lb.; valley routes and country
rints 2c less, or 37 'fcc; second quality
cents under first, or 37 4c
Eggs Prices to producers:" A large
SSc; B large 30c; medium A. 29c;
medium B 26c; B, small.' 20c; A small
23c. Resale to retailers 4c higher for
cases, cartons Sc nigher. : .
Cheese Selling price to Portland re
tailers: Tillamook triplets 28c lb.;
loaf 29e lb. Triplets to wholesalers
26c lb.: loaf 27c lb. f.o.b. Tillamook.
Portland Produce
PORTLAND. Ore, Oct 23 (API
Country meats Selling price to retail
ers: Country killed hogs, best butchers.
126-14 lbs, 15-15',ic; light-thin, 15-17c;
vealers. fancy, 19-20c; heavy 15-17c
lambs, yearlings, 10-12c; 1941 spring
lambs l?V-18c; ewes 5-10c; good cut
ter cows, ll-U'ic; canner cows, 11
Uc; bulls, 14',i-15c
Live poultry Buying prices: No. 1
grade. Leghorn broilers, under 1'4 lbs,
17c; over lt lbs, 17c; fryers. 2-4 lbs,
18c; roasters, over 4 lbs, 18c; colored
hens U-19c; Leghorns, under 3V lbs,
14-17c; over Shk lbs, 16.-17c Old
roosters 8c lb.
Dressed turkeys N o m 1 n a 1 selling
prices: new crop. 27 28c; toms 27-28c.
Onions Oregon 1 J0-1. SO-lo.; oox;
Yakima. 90-1.00.
Peppers Green, 40c box; red. 75
85c. .
PoUtoes New white locals. 1.50
cental; Deschutes Gems. 2.00 cental:
Yakima No. 1 Gems 1.80-1.83 cental;
Klamath Falls. 1.85-1.90 cental.
Hay Selling price on tracks: Alfalfa
No. 1. 18.00; oat-vetch, $13.00 ton;
WUlamette valley clover, 11.00 ton; tim
othy, eastern Oregon . 21.00 ton.
Mohair 1941. 12-montn. 45c lb.
Nuts Price to wholesaler: Filberts:
Barcelona. Jumbo 21c, large 18',kc. fancy
173,4c, baby 16c lb; Duchilly, jumbo
20c, large 19c, fancy 18c lb
Walnuts Price to wholesaler: First
grade fxanquettes. Jumbo 22c; large 20c,
medium 18c. baby 15 ',4c; Mayette, large
20c lb.; second grade franquette, large
Mayette, large - 20c lb.; second grade
franquette, large 174c medium 16'ic,
18c, medium 17c, baby 15c lb.; soft
shell, large 17c, medium 16c, baby 14c.
Wool 1941 clip, Oregon ranch nom
inal 32 -33c lb.; crossbred, 34-37c lb.
Domestic flour Selling price, city
delivery. 1 to 22 bbL lots; family pat
ents, 49s. 7.35-7.95; 98s. 7.10-7.70 bbl.;
bakers' hard wheat net. 5.75-6.50:
blended hard wheat 5.85-6.30; soft
wheat S JO; blnestem 6 00-.5O.
Hops 1941. S5,4-36c lb. ;
Cascara bark 1940 peel. 10c lb.; 1941
10c lb. . : . ' .. .
Portland Grain
PORTLAND, ' Ore , ; Oct ' 23 (AP
Wheat: t - , Open High Low , Close
May 9 98 96
December . - . 92 v. 92 92 92
Cash, grain: Oats No. 2-38 lb. white
35 JO. i - ' :
. Barley No. 2-43 lb. B.W. 29.00.
Cash, wheat (bid); soft white ,94;
soft white excluding Rex 98; white
Club - 99; western red - 99: hard - red
winter: ordinary 9U4; 10 per cent 93;
11 per cent 1.00; 12 oer cent 1.04; hard
white-Baart: ordinary 1.02; 10 per cent
1.06; 11 per cent 1.12; 12 per cent 1.18.
Today s car receipts: Wheat 6; bar
ley 1: flour 6; corn 3; oats 2;. mill
feed k i .
Portland Li veslock
PORTLAND. Ore, Oct 23 (AP
(tJSDA) Hogs: Salable 250. total 300.
Barrow and' gilts:
Gd-Ch. 140-160 IDS f SW 10.00
do 160-180 lbs
do 180-200 lbs .
do 200-220 lbs .
do 220-240 lbs
do 240-270 lbs
do 270-300 lbs
9.75100
10.25010.50
10.00 1 10.50
9.75 010.25
'9 50(10.00
92S& 9.7S
10.00 11 JO
Feeder oies. ed-ch. 70-120.
came: saiaoie ana total iuu.
Steers, do med. 750-4100 lbs 10.25 011 00
do med. 750-1100 lbs 9.25 i 10.50
do common, 750-1100 lbs' 7.759 $23
Heifers.
Good
do med. 500-900 lbs .
do com, 500-900 lbs .
Cows, good, an wts
do medium, all wts .
do cut-om. all wts
do canner, all wts
Bulls (yearlings excluded)
9.50610.50
8.500 9.50
7.00 8.50
7.50 8.25
6 .50 e 7 JO
5.2549 J0
4.50 525
beef. good, alt wts
do sausage, good, all wets
do satis, med, all wts -
do cut-corn, all wts. , , ....
Calves gd-ch ' '
do com-roed . .
do cull ,
Vealers, gd-ch, all wts -
do com-med, all wts
do cull, al wts
Sheep: Salable 300. total
Ewes (shorn) gd-ch - .
lo com-mea , . .
Spring lambs
do gd-ch
' do med-gd ' ..
do common
9.000 9.59
8.750 950
7.73 S.75
6 JO 1.75
iojo0ii.oe
7 .50 10.56
: S.00 O I JO
12.00013.00
8.00 13.00
8.50 8.0Q
1000.
4 JO a B OO
2JO0 4J0
10.00010 50
; 9J0 9.73
S-U.0 923
Stocks and Bonds
October 23
Compiled by The Associated Press
STOCK AVERAGES . ;
30 . 19 15 60
. .' : - - , Indus Rails ' Util Stks
Net Change Unch Ai A3 A. I
Thursday 58.8 16.8 31.0 41
Prev. Day ,..; 58.8 ,1 18.7 ' 30.8 41.1
Month Ago , 61.7 , 17.0 32.0 43.0
Year Ago . 63.3 16.7 35.6 . 44.6
1941 High , 63. 19.0 35 J 45.0
1941 Low . 54.8 13.4 30 J ' 39.1
B6ND AVERAGES
' 20 10 10
- . , Rails Indus Util
Net Change A .1 Unch Unch
Thursday. 62.7 105.0 : 102.0
Prev. Day 62.8 105.0 102.0
Month Ago 60.9 105.0 101 J
Year Ago J9.S - 104.7 . 99.5
1941 . High 66.5' 105.4 1023
1941 Low ' 60S 104 99.0
10
Frgn
DJ
49.6
49.S
60.1
v 8741
61.4
38.0
Portland Man Lose
Cream Grading License
The state department of agri
culture has suspended the cream
grading license of C R. Wibli
shauerof the Ideal Dairy com
pany, Portland, for a 30-day per
iod, officials said Thursday.
- The action followed a hearing
at which It was found that Wib
lishauer was giving dairy pro
ducts a higher grade than the
quality justified.
Inere is no personal or business emergency which
we cannot help yon meet .with a conveniently,
speedily arranged loan! Drop Into oar offices for
full details ...
STATE FIIIAIICE CO.
FOR MONET IN A HURRY
S44 State . Phone 9261
Lie, S-218 M-222
THE LONE RANGES
Caught Nappinc!
By FBAN STBIKEB
JHE
LEAD SLUGS HIT THE CROOKS GUMS- -
POLLY AND HER PALS
Putting Herself on the Spot
Bj CLOT STERBET
KvOU LOOK BURNED -j fni'rr) J 1 TOOK THAT &( SO VvWAT) ' "
I UP, ASH WHAT'S y h, JiV V 3AL FRIEND V , f -V
jWEJTROU CWE? TTH'SWANKyy j V
h ii s r r m m a m e r i w. s r m an a wrm m .
I N :fT Ai.iL TR7,V T,JVh N M Tl
HE TOOK A LOOK I k I
AT TH' MENU AN' j4 I I
AIDMV GOODNESS ) VTI
i thought Biscuit r P Z i
TORTONI WUZ A
GANGSTER
im.tmt H-1H. W.l-Mi
MICKEY MOUSE
A Lumberjack Loves His WorkI
sHucKsr yr
I GUESS
By WALT DISNEY
LITTLE ANNIE ROONEY
A Sailor Loves the ' Sea!
8y eSANDON WALSH
W son kwv 7FT?n tiaii rm i P si;tnrt OF
AAE IT AAAKE9 ME FEEL GAD AULOVER lO
THIMK WELL BE ON LAND AGAIN PR-XT SOON-
Jl I .HEMJ-XWETO WOIB'Jvl 1 1 BUT WHEN WE DO PEACH -AND, I'M tf TUE POLICEMEN WILL ARCESTME FOR STEAUKlG A A 1
') I "P XltvAKW4fc MttI Hn T7 j3 I I SCAKCXJ WEKE. GONNA KUwE LOLsA B RIDE ON A SHIP WITHOUT BUYIKG ATICKET OR J
I I l-TCRPEDOES AT OUR SHIPAWj 1 M f I TR0U8l--TrlArfl AU5 I'M A pi G-TTlW A PASSPORT- AN" THE COOK 5EI THEY
T-IIM5LE THT-taiT Mice or Men? . , - .
H-M! A BTroF CHcPSE j f7?t5-bfi3531 I 1 v I ft-TA V "UT I LHIi
FOR ME AMD A BIT FOR AS -TCWJ OR J - JSSS i L I SHOULD ) S000( ? fcl
-HEM0LrSlTf2APp HOJ1-. &?rtf I VET?J HEARTHS A ? Jg
'y -