:LLz .Him. OREGON-STATESMAN. Satan. Oros. ToMdar-Moniln Dmbr 17, 1940
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Dust Bowlers
Getting Along
Many Started on Farms
in West; Some in
Labor Camps
By PAUL P. EWINQ
PORTLAND, Dec. 14-i!P)-They
hT huddled shelterlMS In
ditches, as tUrred and rasced aa
any European war refugee, tot
America's "dust-bowlers" are not
beaten.
They still are the sturdy farm
ers, self-possessed and self-reliant,
who lire next door to CTery
hamlet in America. "The going
is tough, they concede, but they
want no pity.
Some are well established on
new lands, bat mostly they are
Just "getting by" without things
most Americans consider necessi
ties. Many wish they had stayed
at home.
Their plight is not petty, but
to the observer their courage and
cheerful acceptance of "tough go
ing" are magnificent and the
morale of their wives is even
higher.
Twenty fire per cent of the
women in one farm labor camp
are high school graduates and
two are former teachers.
Migration Is Slowing
As the flood of western migra
tion slows to a trickle after ten
years i of depression, drought and
grasshoppers, this is the story of
"dust-bowlers" and their fami
lies: Since 1930, the great trans
continental highways. No. 66
across the south Into California
and and No. 30 across the north
ern plains states Into the Pacific
northwest, have carried endless
caravans.
More than 460,000 persons
have poured into the northwest
In freight cars. In ramshackle old
trucks and automobiles, on foot,
with babies In their arms.
Forty one per cent of them
were persons with farm back
grounds, seeking land.
They came without a penny,
with enough to "eat a coupla
more days," with enough to buy
farms a few lucky ones.
Few Sought Relief
They found farms and farm
work scarce, industries overload
ed and men idle. They found re
lief agencies swamped the few
who asked relief.
New Irrigation projects opened
land for a few families; private
financing established a few others
on passable farms.
The federal farm security ad
ministration estimates that there
still are 25,000 low income, near
destitute residents and non-resi
dent families in the northwest
eager for opportunities to become
reestablished on farms.
The FSA and rural rehabilita
tion administration loaned money
to many for farm purchases and
leases. Migratory farm labor
camps, mobile and permanent,
were set up for others.
On the Owyhee irrigation proj
ect in eastern Oregon, 1100
drought families have gone back
to the land.
The FSA has financed about
half of them; many live in one
or two-room nouses devoid of the
simplest facilities, some with only
earthen floors.
Medical services commonly are
lacking for such diseases as in
fluenza, whooping cough, scarlet
fever and rheumatism.
Strive for Better Living
"These people have hope and
they continue to strive for a bet
ter living when they really have
a right to despair or revolt against
the conditions that surround
them," Walter A. Duffy, regional
FSA director, told the Tolan con
gressional investigating commit
tee at San Francisco recently.
"We aren't whipped," John F.
Todd, a Thayer and Jefferson
county, Neb., farmer now estab
lished on an FSA farm near Mc-
Minnville, O r e., commented.
'Poor farmers in the dust bowl
will be poor farmers here. The
rest have just at much chance as
ever.
"I dusted out in 1934 and
started drifting west looking for
a green crop. Had a '28 car, $150,
a. wife and five sons. We landed
with 350, followed the fruit the
first year, weathered the loss of
one boy, then settled down to
work on farms.
"Last year I made more money
from 57 acres than I ever made
with 160 acres back home."
At the Dayton farm labor camp,
Jesse Powell, formerly a farm-
owner of Custer county, Neb.,
counseled, other drought-stricken
farmers to stay home.
One Wishes He'd Stayed
"We had tough sledding last
winter," he said. "In this country
where it rains so much, farm
work shuts down in the winter.
We almost starved. I've had
steady day work on a farm here
since, but I d hare been Just as
well off maybe better to stay
in Nebraska.
"There are 19 families from
my old neighborhood here and
none I know make enough in
summer to run through the win
ter. We'd be sunk if it wasn't
for the farm camps, but I'm not
discouraged. I think farmers will
have bigger opportunities In the
next couple of years than ever
before."
Raymond Schuchardt, Antelope
county. Neb., another resident of
the Dayton camp, left hia farm
la 1937 and came west a year
ago, working in fruit harvests
and living in a tent with his
wife and four children.
"When we came here, he said.
"It was the first time since we
left home that we'd been on a
board floor.
"It's a toss-up whether we
should have stayed , In Nebraska
or come here. Conditions were
pretty bad before we got Into
the farm camp,, even If Jobs are
a little, more: plentiful in the
west.". . ,
Camp Haven to Many
Ray Moreheed, 2i- year - old
Oklahoman,- and -his pretty, 24-
year-old wife consider the Dayton
camp . , a haven" beyond , t h e 1 r
dreams. - ' ' ; .? .
They left .Oklahoma In II SB
with, two babies and .$3.50 to
hitch-hike to California.
"We got to California with 25
, cents," Morehead ,s aid. "We
thought U waa tough then. bt
Scott Is Sworn
- ..-X . V .
1 Va.
i :
A
State Treaaurer-elect Leslie M.
Scott, Portland, who came to
Salem yesterday to be sworn in
by Supreme Court Judge Percy
R. Kelly, below. Scott will take
office, succeeding Walter E.
Pearson, on January C Pear
son will serve aa state senator
from Multnomah county in the
1941 legislature.
it's kinda fun thinking of now."
Morehead, who now has four
children, never had earned a nic
kel In cash until a year after his
marriage he labored for board
and room.
"Some people have had their
roots out of the ground for too
long," he commented. "Some of
them never will make anything.
"Us? We want a chicken ranch
or a little dairy farm. We don't
want to own, but we'd like to
rent. We'll get it, too, if our
luck holds."
Hewitt Reelected
By, Commonwealth
Barnett and Church Also
Are Officers of State -.
Group of Liberals
PORTLAND, Dee l.-p-A
delegate's black eye and reelec
tion of four of five officers fea
tured the close of . the Oregon
Commonwealth federation here
yesterday.
Francis J. Murnane, CIO Ply
wood, and Veneer Workers union
delegate, turned up at the meet
ing with a bruised eye. He claimed
It resulted . from an attack by
five men Saturday night after he
had opposed a motion to bar com
munists from the ballot. The mo
tion passed.
Only officer not reelected was
Gut J. Solomon, Portland, treas
urer, who declined to .run and
was succeeded by Frank Gordon,
secretary of the Columbia river
district council of the Interna
tional Woodworkers of America.
Other officers are: S. Stephen
son Smith, Eugene, president:
Ralph W. Peoples, Portland, first
vice-president; Wendell Barnett,
Brooks, second vice-president:
RoyR. Hewitt, Salem, third vice
president; Monroe Sweetland,
Portland, executive secretary.
A. c. Heyman, Albany, and
A. M. Church, Salem, were named
to the executive board.
Wodehouse Held
In Silesia Camp
NEW YORK, Dec. 16-()-P.
Wodehouse, 60. British humorist
and writer, is "in an internment
camp in Silesia," according to a
letter received here today from
his daughter, Mrs. Leonora C ale
let, of Tonbrldge, Kent, England.
Wodehouse was captured by
the advancing German forces last
June near his villa at Le Touquet,
France.
Mrs. Caielet wrote Guy Bolton,
a Wodehouse collaborator, that
she was trying to ascertain the
exact location of the southeast
Oerman camp in an effort to send
Wodehouse Christmas parcels.
James Pickett to
Plan UO Variety
UNIVERSITY OF OREGON,
Eugene, Dec. 16 James Pickett,
Salem, has been appointed to the
committee to draw up plans for
a variety show to be sponsored
winter term by the senior class at
the University of Oregon.
The show will take the place
of the traditional senior ball. The
plans for the show were received
from Moe Jaffe, an eastern theat
rical producer, and the music
from Fred Waring. . .
Pickett, a graduate ef Univer
sity high school, la a senior maj
oring' to law at the university t He
is the -ton of Mr. and Mrs. How
ard R. Pickett; and is affiliated
with Alpha Taur Omega, fraternity.
, i - ;
Pacific War Peril
: Declared Greater
ftlind Own Business, Rearm
; . Heavily, Is Formula
of Ruf us Holman
LAKEVIEW, Dec. If.HtThe
Pacific .area . holds . the greatest
war danger for the United States,
Senator r Ruins Holman (R-Ore)
warned today
v He urged rearmament "to make
this' country so strong that no
other country will dare attack
us." .
"Then we should mind our own
business,", he said.
Holman blamed the sale of iron
and cotton to Japan as the reason
forcing the United States to build
a war machine to match Japan's.
"Military authorities tell me
that If Alaska is taken by a first
class power the defense position
of the whole Pacific coast would
be untenable," he said.
Hates Profiteering
"I hate war profiteering In any
form whether by labor or capital.
Where are the profits of the
French iron Industry which
helped to rearm Germany, or' of
the English financiers who made
possible rearmament?
"Where now are the sit down
strikers of France? It is an out
rage to draft a lot of men and
force them to undergo the rigors
of camp ' life while at the same
time we allow a lot of workers
to strike in defense Industries and
tell the government what to do.
Congress will have to take a hand
to control this situation."
Ice on Highways
Causes Mishaps
ROSEBURG, Dec. 1 epIce
crusted highways sent three per
s o n s to the hospital here this
weekend, one with serious inju
ries. E. J. Adams. Seattle, and T. P.
Flynn, Portland, suffered minor
injuries in the collision of their
automobiles near Coos Junction
Sunday.
8. E. Clark, railroad freight and
passenger agent here, was in a
serious condition after his car
skidded off the Drain-Reedsport
highway early this morning.
A fourth person, D. Richardson
of Sutherlin, was treated for a
crushed chest after a stalled truck
broke loose on an incline and
rolled over his body.
Death Car Driver
Paroled; in Army
PORTLAND, Dee. 16-(fl- Ken
neth "Smith, Jr., 21,' convicted of
involuntary manslaughter after
the traffic death of lira. Berti
Peuker, received ft parole from I
three-year sentence in circuit
court today.: - A.
Judge. James P. Stapleton pa
roled Smith to his commagjUpg
officer at Fort Lewis. Smith en
listed shortly after the accident,
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