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About The Oregon statesman. (Salem, Or.) 1916-1980 | View Entire Issue (Nov. 15, 1931)
PAGE FOURTEEN. The OREGON STATESMAN, Salem, Oregon, Sunday Blomlng, NoYcmber 15, 1931 i News of the Prosperous Willamette Valley 'find of the Yaried Agricultural Pursuits of interest to its Diversified Farmers. Edited by t . GElfEVlKVB MORGAN This page 1 a regular Sunday fea ture of The Statesman. Farm news, farm Information, the atory of the successes of various- farm operators published herein. it' alley I" arms and 1 heir oncers: w s J DRAINING CHEAP II IS WORD Farmers who are Abie to Install Tile are Ad vised to do so Tarmers of western Oregon -who are able to finance it, can Install tile drainage under pres ent conditions at a minimum cost and furnish some work for un employed In addition, says Dr. W. L, Powers, who has studied the drainage problem closely for many years. Such drainage Is the first step needed in Improvement of a third of the Willamette val ley floor soils, and will decrease the unit cost of production. "Scarcely a quarter section is on the valley floor but what would benefit from some tile drainage." says Dr. Powers. "Four out of five farms could be tiled without district outlet ditches, while a quarter million acres need either community or district outlets. "Drainage is the most perma nent improvement that can be put on the farm, and one that needs no 'ire insurance to pro tect It. Removing the excess wat er Improves soil structure, in creases the root pastures and in creases the usable moisture dur ing the growing season. Drain age affords better air circulation, makes the soil warmer, aids de cay and nitrification, lengthens the growing season, prevents either erosion or accumulation of toxie acids or alkali, and prevents heaving or ferezlng out." The soils extension specialist will assist in laying out a tile drainage system which can be developed gradually as money and time are available, says Dr. Powers. Many farmers begin with the most necessary unit first, be ing careful to keep accurate maps so extensions may be made later. Tile is best bought in not less than a single carload lot, he says. Seasonable drainage activities for the late fall include cleaning out dead furrows and other sur face rung and seeing that all present tile outlets are clear so that water will not stand on the surface. Farm management experts have lonr been telling farmers how they can cut down on their work by cutting the waste motion out of their chore routes. Now the home management specialists eome along with the observation that homemakers can profit equally or more from a check-up en their "kitchen chores" where, surveys show, the average wom an spends half of her working time More than 450 Oregon home- toakcrs in 39 different towns are sow enrolled in just such an or ganiied effort to save time and bare signed up for a series of eight letters giving specific ex amples of "Short Cuts in Kitchen Work," which will be on Monday, November 16. The "short cut" letters deal with such simple hut effective time savers as keeping a broken er bent handled spoon in the cot fee can, keeping the bread knife right in the bread box, or keep ing the salt, pepper and flour shakers near the stove. The let ters cover the three general di visions of cooking, serving and cleaning. Enrollment may be made direct with Mrs. Zelta Rod enwold, extension economist, Ore- gen State college. April Toms Pull Scales : To 30 Mark An april batch torn that pulls the scales down to the 30-pound mark brings a smile all over the lace of Henry Domes, turkey breeder of the McCoy district. Domes, proud owner of the grand champion bird at the Pa eiflc International, says he has spring hatch pullets that weigh 16 and 17 pounds. His heaviest bird is a 36-pound yearling torn. He breeds White Holand exclusively, Although he has been in the turkey "game" but five years, Domes has worked up until he has the largest turkey farm in Polk county, with 1300 birds. He says orders for Thanksgiving nare been coming in pretty stead ily, but that, he always makes his biggest sale for meat purposes at Christmas time. He does not rely on these two big sales, however. as bis main forte Is the breeding end of the business. Burning Stumps Draw Attention ST. HELENS Considerable In terest Is being shown in the char- pittlng method of burning stumps oy . votumDia county farmers. many of whom have been consult ing with County Agent George Kelson, on the subject. Nelson plans to hold a demonstration meeting in the near future on the cnarpining of stumps, which, be ays, seems to be a feasible meth- vt involving only labor with no vuuay xor otner expenses. OaU smut and .tJ r, i,.....!! --- mall graia fields this year. :r P " low SHORTCUT SERIES EYES OF WORLD FOCUSED ON o . , W ' : I a K 1 :i :. ' ' 'i '. , v Mi ;j Vji Lu 1 I M i i 1 1 1 1 Ljiy. fl ' 1:?::: S v'T';i i33 (T7 I ;zj: i i: i :k; -dmwogjxt .jWH II I . j 'iirtinik , urT.li.i. $ f I I - ii rni n r,. m, .. IrnH iWili ' ii.8iiuiU4.iinn Mi ta.,!,,!lllA-J.L...Mimi-'tmil l .1 KM nCT A WMBAt TRvae - The spectacular rise in wheat heralded as the first step toward complete economic recovery has fo cused the world's attention on the famous wheat pit In the Chicago Uoara of Trade. This picture shows traders on the greatest wheat market in the world as the rise in the grain added $50,000,000 to farmers' pockets. Diagram graphically Indicates the wheat advance cents November 6. Dollar wheat Is held likely within a reasonable The Country I T bouts nerea CANYON CITY Crested wheat grass in Grant county tnis fall looked even more- promising than had been anticipated, reports County Agent R. G. Johnson who has been checking over the grass nurseries recently. When no oth er grass was showing any signs of life, it had at least a one-inch green sprout on it. Although this was probably the dryest year the county has ever had, this grass. under very dry conditions, stooled out more, showed no summer kil ling, and in all cases where it was in its secondary year, seeded heavily, Johnson says. ROSEBURG Present indica tions are that the Northwestern Turkey show to be held at Oak land December 17, 18 and 19 will be bigger than ever, with higher quality birds shown, says J. C. Leedy, county agent. The show will have a 4-H club division this year for the first time. MEDFORD Many Jackson county orchardists are watching with interest a demonstration of the value of fall and winter irri gation of pear orchards in which H. Van Hoevenberg of Sams Val ley and D. Clark of Medford are cooperating with County Agent T. P. Wilcox. THE DALLES L. A. Schanno of Mill creek, in cooperation with County Agent W. Wray Lawrence, has started a cover crop demon stration on his orchard, In which wheat was used at a heavy rate, In addition to hairy vetch, Hun garian vetch and Austrian winter field peas. Neilson brothers of Mill creek and H. A. Walter, Three Mile, are planning similar demonstration trials: NORTH BEND A box of time- saving. Inexpensive kitchen equip ment was featured at a recent club meeting planned by Mrs, Echo P. Schepman of North Bend. The box of kitchen articles, to gether with the written demon stration lecture which accompan ies it, was prepared by Mrs. Zelta F. Rodenwold, extension econom ist, home management. It was borrowed from the home econom ics extension office at Corvallis. Other groups may obtain this equipment box by paying postage to and from Corvallis. EUGENE Lane county home- makers from 27 different com munities are enrolled for home economics extension work this fall, according to Gertrude Skow, county home demonstration agent. Economical meals and meal planning has attracted 19 com munities and the year-round gar den project numbers 13 widely separated groups. Other home ec onomics extension activities en rolling Lane county women In clude a kitchen rearrangement project, a study of time schedul ing for the home and homemaker, and an analysis of food purchas ing habits and attitudes. PLEASANT VALLEY Locally produced vegetables and fruits formed the basis of the balanced luncheon prepared by the home extension unit of Pleasant Valley recently. This group, under the I direct supervision of Frances Clinton, home demonstration gent, considered practical sug gestions for preparing economical eals together with methods for obtaining an attractive finished product. LINCOLN Another old land mark of Lincoln is a .thing of the past since the high winds of this week blew down the huge cotton- wood tree which stood near the site of the former Lincoln store ana wnarf on the banks of the Willamette river. There was a tree house in Its branch hnilt by two Lincoln boys, now de ceased, Lorln Walling and Ches ter Abrams. CORVALLIS Enrollment for service material which supple- menu k.uau raaio lectures on -xour money's worth In house ?? ml' hold textiles now number 114 1 cum uum ir auierent conn tis of the state, rcordl th. inome economic 3rtealon office. Characteristics Peat Soils Gathered in Series By DR. W. L. POWERS (Soil Scientist, Oregon Experiment Station) Studies with profile samples of peat from Lake Labish and other peat areas of the. northwest show that the Marion county deposit be longs to the low moor or nearly .neutral sedge peat group. The willow sedge peat of Lake Labish is formed by material that de cays fairly readily and Is nearly neutral in reaction. The occur rence of a marly layer In the sub stratum has operated to prevent much acidity developing. Early experiments with peat from the Harris ranch about 15 years ago resulted in a maximum yield of oats being obtained in greenhouse studies where potas sium sulfate was used. This led to use of potassium sulfate by grow ers on the Lake bed. In some ear lier trials an investment of $25 an acre In potassium sulfate dou bled the onion crop. High Nitrogen Content A few years later attention was again called to fertility problems in Lake Labish resulting in sev eral years of field and laboratory studies, which Included the Mar ion county peat soil. Chemical an alyses has shown these soils to be high in total nitrogen- and sulfur and low in potassium. The organ ic matter of the surface layer is rrora 50 to 80 per cent. Nearly all or these soils contain contribu tions of mineral inwash. The net amount of nearly avail- aDie or exchange bases is moder ate and tends to decrease as the inese sneets contain guides for ouymg common household tex tiles such as towels, sheets, blan kets and curtains. Any homemak- er who has satisfactory radio re ception may enroll for these mim eographed sheets and use them to supplement the Thursday af- A. mt m iemoon radio lectures over KOAC. AMITY With Thanksgiving approaching, It will be a busy time on a number of "turkey ranches ' here. Mack Bros, have more tnan 300 birds; Mrs. Joe xmcrvee, juu; u. ri. uirim near Whitson, 1,00; Zorn Sornson, be tween 300 and 400. All have their turkeys marked aeainst tnert. LINCOLN D. R. Ruble, well known horticulturist of Lincoln. has one of the finest fall vee- lame gardens In Polk county. Mr KUDie tnea an experiment this year by planting the vegetables mis ran usually grown In the spring and irrigating them Four plantings were made in late July, twice in August, and the last in September. Lettuce, on ions, radishes, turnlns and eolir. aw were planted. JEFFERSON D. W. Porter and Joe Yagelskt of the Scravel hlll district are busy setting out several hundred gooseberry pianis mis year. SCIO McKinley Huntington. president and manager of the Oregon Turkey Growers, Is ex pected here from Roseburg short ly to conduct a demonstration on Killing and peparatlon for mar let of turkeys. Nitrogen Makes Growth in Tree ROSEBURO-In a recently com pleted test in which R. B. Mont gomery of Looking Glass cooper ated with County Agent J. C. Lee- dy to determine the effect of Tar - lous fertilizers on yield and Qual ity of prjjnes, nitrogen produced a substantial increase In the growth of the trees. The four ! pound applications of ammonium suirate per tree, however, had a detrimental effect on the Quality of the prunes, resulting In a low drying test per bushel. More than 5.000 samples were analysed in laboratories of the dairy and food division of the Iowa department of agriculture last year. Nearly 2,000 samples were of seeds. t THIS PIT from 23 cents October to 70 length of time. Labish of Soil Studies content of organic matter in creases and the increase would aproach toward the marly sub stratum. Cropped and uncropped series of stoneware jars of peat in the greenhouse have afforded op portunity to study the effect of fertilizers on soil solution where uncropped and on the yield in companion cropped jars. Water soluble potassium is generally very limited and is increased after treatment with potasstc salts. barnyard manure or calcium sul fate or a combination containing two or all of these. Potassic Salt Needed Oats, cotton, tomatoes, field peas, mint, and fiber flax have been grown in plant house and field fertilizer trials with this soil The treatments which have In creased the water soluble potas sium have resulted in increased yields and Improved the quality of the products. Full efficiency of potassic salts is not obtained ex cept In the presence of a fair supply of nitrates. Potassium sul fate has given slightly larger yields than potassium chloride and also a higher quality of prod net. Potassic salts increase the length, strength, and yields of flax fiber and the yield of mint oil. The formation of nitrates and control of acidity is aided by deep ened or improved or complete drainage, liming, and soil inocu lation. This inoculation has been accomplished by use of fertile up land soil or with a light applica tion of well decomposed barnyard manure. Doubles Yield Sedge peat in Florida has been found to respond to such elements as copper and manganese and zinc and led to Including these materials in fertilizer tests with Lake Labish peat. Manganese salts gave a yield of 308 grams of tomatoes as compared to 165 for the untreated check. With mang anese and zinc Included in the treatment the yield was 365 grams. Manganese sulfate has also doubled the yield of tomatoes from muck near Clatskanie. No significant increase was realized from the use of copper sulfate. Fifty pounds of manganese sul fate an acre may well be included 1:. field trials and promises to be very profitable. Vertical shrinkage of peat soil is greatest during the first years of cultivation and that the amount will depend upon the depth of the peat, the depth of drainage, kind and composition of peat forming material, and the control of moisture, temperature, and nutrients effecting activity of d e c o mposition microorganisms. Raw peat may shrink to one- fourth of the initial volume upon drying and upon long exposure to moisture may regain only 70 per cent of the original. In designing drains in sedge peat allowance should be made for vertical shrinkage of some 33 per cent. Statements of farmers who have bandied Lake Labish peat since its reclamation Indicate subsid ence of something like an Inch a year, soundings snow a aeptn oi peat in the main body of the Lake up to 18 or 21 feet. Jelly Best Absorber Chemical studies of colloidal or ganic matter obtained from crop ped and uncropped peat proiue layers from Lake Labish the past winter in the studies made in me laboratory of the U. 8. Bureau of Chemistry and sous show mat neat leUy will absorb 50 per cent more moisture tnan day jeuy ana that it carries about twice as much nitrogen as the peat as a whole from which It Is derived 1 nd.that It has great capacity for absorbing and retaining nutrient -bases such as calcium and ammon ia In nearly available or exchange form. The base capacity Is even high er in tne sedimentary layers which contain about 20 or 25 per cent inorganic material such as ultra-clay or clay collo'l. A con centration of bases Is believed to occur at the surfaces of the two kinds of , component particles In such a mtsture. A mixture of clay and peat colloid formed In the presence of limr appears to be of fundamental Important In con serving soil productiveness. SPEEDY POTATO IS New Treatment More Effec tive Than old Ones, Ex periment Shows A. new method of treating no- tatoes for rhyzoctonla before planting which is quicker and more effective than most methods now In use has been tried ont successfully at the Oregon experi ment station this year by T. P. Dykstra, federal pathologist in potato diseases. The two standard methods at present are the mercuric chloride (corrosive sublimate) bath, in which the potaoes must remain for two hours, and the hot for maldehyde bath, which has the disadvantage of requiring that the water be kept at a constant temperature of around 125 de grees. A third method which makes use of organic chemical compounds has proved uncertain and erratic in results. In 5 Minnies The new method, originated by Dr. J. G. Leech and associates of the Minne'sota experiment sta tion, is based on the mercuric chloride process but changed by the addition of 1 per cent of com mercial hydrochloric acid. This acidulated mercuric chloride so lution, as It is called, Is so greatly Increased in effectiveness that a bath of but five minutes is nece&fary. Tests of this process were made for the first time this year, and only on a comparatively small scale, but the results are so prom ising that Dr. Dykstra believes the method Is worthy of much more extensive trial, and he has made plans to use it on large plots next year. Control 96 Per Cent The tests this year showed that with the new method 96 per cent control was obtained as com pared with 16 per cent freedom of disease on the check plot. This control was equal to the old mer curic chloride process and better than the hot formaldehyde meth od. Dr. Leech advised using dou ble strength mercuric chloride, which would greatly increase the expense, but the tests by Mr Dykstra showed excellent results with the standard solution, one port to 1,000, with the one per cent acod added. WORMIEST APPLES III YEARS. REPORT Following is the latest report from Paul C. Newman, agricul tural statistician, on Oregon fall fruits: Earlier estimates of worm dam age in apples have been fully real ized and the production this sea son is one of the wormiest in re cent years. However the quality of the crop after culling is gen erally good. The fruit sized up well as a rule but some varieties were rather small. Some scab Is 1 also reported but the amount of worm damage is so great as to render relatively unimportant oth er damage factors. The fact that this is the off season on several important varieties causes the damage from worms to be more serious than otherwise. However, it appears that earlier estimates of tonnage will be realized. A generally unfavorable season for pears in the principal com mercial section in southern Ore gon which began with consider able frost and continued through a serious drought and shortage of water to be brought to a close with an unusual amount of dam age from the late brood of the codling moth. The true extent of this damage did not become ap-' parent until picking began. Small sizes resulting from the drought are largely responsible for the be low average production this year but worm damage has cut the crop below earlier estimates. The western Oregon prune crop which goes mostly for drying turned out slightly above early estimates due to generally large sizes and favorable harvest. There has been little brown rot re ported. Woelke Bros. Make Record In Threshing NORTH HOWELL, Not. H Sixteen years ago when the late Isaac Stevens, a famous thresher man, sold his outfit to Joe and August Woelke, they little real ized that so many changes In the threshing game could take place in one community. The Woelke boys used the Stevens' separator and engine for one year, having only a "sack buck" and water hauler. The next year they bought a new Case thresher and a Russell engim the engine was one which Al Beer had used one year, and this combination Is still In use and Is in splendid running order. They tried out the new Case on the farm now owned by Con rad Ounderson and Mr. Stevens was there, watching the whole proceeding with much interest. Eleven years ago the Woelke ma chine threshed 11,413 bushels of wheat and 9,594 bushels of oats. This year Just passed , they threshed 6.455 bushels of wheat and 7,111 bushels of oats. While some smaller machines and some combines have been used In this section, by tar the most telling reason for the difference in RATH FOUND Window Display Has Hundred Ribbons of Ditmar's Winnings WOODBTJRN, Not. 14. About 100 ribbons for prize livestock are on display In the windows of the Bank of Woodbwrn, The ribbons, a majority of which are for first place, are the property of T. A. Ditmar. The tro phies were won by Ditmar's famous Dnroe Jerseys. He also has in the display sev eral large pictures of prize winning sows and boars. A string of over 60 rib bons from the Oregon state fair, Multnomah county fair, Utah state fair. Pacific In ternational livestock Expo sition and the Clackamas county fair. Several ribbons for grand prize winners are in the group. Ditmar, one of the out standing' hog raisers in the state, has a large farm be tween Gervals and Fairvale. wheat especially has been the fact that practically all land formerly sown to wheat Is now planted to strawberries. For many years Raymond Jef ferson has been chief engineer for Woelke brothers and for ac curacy, no serious breakdowns and general dependability the outfit has few equals. The earli- commercial potato crop this year in 19 important po tato-growing states totaled 48,- 600,000 bushels 13 per cent more than in 1930. T" Last year B. B. Everett of Pal myra, N. C made an average of 80 bushels of corn per acre. This year he planted 300 acres. iS? iii & w,tm Ml TCHIE J) MEW HI6H SPEED HEAVY Tires are the most important of all the equipment on your car. Select them with the utmost care for your safety and the safety of your family. Don't be satisfied with less than the world's strongest and safest tire. Firestone High Speed Heavy Duty The Gold Standard of Tire Values." Patented gum-dipped construction gives 58 more flexing life to each cord and 25 to 40 longer life to tire; two extra cord plies under the tread give 50 stronger union between tread and body; and more tread rubber gives 25 longer non-skid life. Drive in today and see this greatest tire engineering achievement of all fr'mf. LOWEST PRICES EVER QUOTED FOP. A TIRE OF SUCH REMARKABLE QUALITY 1 - COMPLETE DRAKE SERVICE "djusting and relining prith latest scientific nethods that insure the utmost braking efSden Vy. Famous Cowdrsy adynamic Brake Tester R.H.KJTKST i w. i I 1 RUM PAYS FRUIT MS So Indicates Results of Ex periment Conducted "Over Five Years By EUGENE GROSS Irrigation pays on small fruits in the Willamette valley, judging from trials conducted on small fruits since 1926 with favorable results.. A recent experiment sta tion report shows figures on per cent increase in yields ranging from 57 per cent for black rasp berries to 144 per cent for ever geen blackberries. ' The increased yield of black raspberries was secured at an in creased cost of 44.9 per cent, and the Increased yield, of evergreen blackberries was produced at ah increased cost of 43.2 per cent. Loganberries gave 88.0 per cent Increase in yield at an increased cost of 54.8 per cent. Red rasp berries gave 88.8 per cent in crease in yield at an Increased cost of 34.2 per cent. And Mar shall strawberries gave 67.9 per cent increase in yield at an in creased cost of 64.8 per cent. Et terberg 121 strawberries, how ever, showed a decrease in yield of 9.3 per cent. The increases In yield were due to both size and number of berries maturing. Increases in size range from 13.2 per cent for loganberries to 97.1 per cent for evergreen blackberries. The large development of the blackberries was probably due to the fact that they ripen later than the others, it was pointed out by the report. The advantages of irrigation, as indicated by the experiments, BATTERIES 'hen you need anew battery equip with a Firestone and enjoy the greatest battery per formance you hare ever had. and op THE STATION WITH A ChOCK "JJta" "Bill" FIRESTONE ONE STOP SERVICE are not entirely restricted to in creasing the yield. It makes pos sible the setting out of new fields of strawberries late in the sum mer. This gives them a chance to grow some before the next sea son begins. Strawberries ban died In this manner hare given yields as high as 6,000 pounds per acre the following year. The canning quality of the berries is also improved, with the exception of the black raspberries which turned a lighter color. The flaror was milder, , the texture was firmer, and the color was bright er for the Irrigated berries. Sufaee Irrigation by the fur row or rill system was used in these trials. Hot weather and short pastures reduced milk production in Min nesota this summer. ARE YOUR GLASSES MODERN? Why be satisfied with anything but the newest and best in eye wear? Let us prescribe glasses that not . only correct your vision but improve your appearance. I DUTY TIRE SCIENTIFIC LUBRICATION Most modern lubrica tion equipment in the city, and highly skilled lubricating engineers thoroughly familiar with your car's particular requirements. Phone 9144 fSHr I I liVlf your appearance. E mum s