PAGE FOUIt
The OHEC0N. STA1TSMAN Cllea, Orrery CittfriT r-'rt.:Fr' ry TV 1931
i
FOLLOWING THE TRAIL BREAKER
BITS for BREAKFAST
X
HEALTH
J
i
;i
it
r
"No Favor Sicays XJst No Fear Shall Aice"
From. Tint Statesman, March 28, 1851-,.
TIIL STATESMAN PUBLISHING CO.
; Charles' A. Snuccx, SheldonF. Sackxtt, PullUherm
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Old TKeory and Modern Practice
flTTHEN times are hard there is always the resort to po
I T V litical power to accomplish -what the operation of
economic law will not accomplish or will do so tardily. The
present is no exception to this experience of history, and
we have now both in national and state legislative bodies
a plethora of special interest legislation. It seems to be hu
man nature to want to tip, the scales in one's own favor.
"The competitive struggle is so keen even in good times tnat
the slightest advantage will determine the victor. That is
why there is a race for semiring some special favor under
the sanction of law, so that the favored person or group
may feel more secure in the field of competition.
The eighteenth century was especially productive of
works on political theory and then it was that John Locke
wrote: : . f r . ,
The great and chief end. therefore, of men uniting Into
commonwealths and putting themselves under government, is
the preservation of their property." j
Outnrfthis theory of economic determinism grew the
modern state whose economic system was capitalistic. For a
long period the dominiting school of thought, expressed in
the classic "Wealth of Nations, by Adam Smith, stood for
.free -competition. "Laissez faire was the cry let busi
ness alone; permit industry and commerce to grow and de
i velop and the operation of the free laws of competition will
effect a healthy balance.
In later times this theory has been deviated from in
two ways: first, business interests were not satisfied with
the gains from the system of free competition; they sought
to advance their interests through legislation or through
control of the machinery of government. Second, the tri
umph of whiggery under which the government became
definitely the agency for "development", for the expan-Bion-
agriculture and industry under; the guise "of the
"greatest good to the greatest number." ; '
Running counter to this development was the old
agrarian democracy theory of Thomas Jefferson and the
French, physiocrats. To them, the less government the bet
ter. As Jefferson write in this first inaugural:
"A wise and frugal goTernment which shall restrain" men
from Injuring one- another, which shall leave thera otherwise
i free to regulate their own pursuits of industry and improve
ment, and shall not take from the mouth of labor the bread
it has earned. This Is the sum of good government." '
Far indeed has government gone from the simple sum
compounded by President Jefferson. Now there are open
group raids on the federal treasury apologized for by the
assertion that other groups are "getting theirs." ,
This lengthy- preUininary is merely to trace the devel
opment of the political and economic theoryjand-jpractice
which explain the type of problem which legislators are
coming more and more to face. Never more true than now
are the words written by Hamilton in The Federalist:
"It Is of great importance In a republic not only to guard
against the oppression of its ruler r but to guard one part of
society against, the Injustice ot the other part. Different Inter
ests necessarily exist la different classes of citizens. If a ma
jority bo united by a common Interest, the rights ot the min
ority will be insecure.' '
In the complicated structure of modern society one
cannot simply say, let us restore the free competition of
the 18th century. Yet bow may. the ends of justice be se
cured in this clash of self-interest, a clash in which partio
ular groups may be well armed and well represented and
directed, and. other groups like the mass of the people who
are directly affected, unorganized and unrepresented? .
Study the bills which have been submitted to the legis
lature ana note now many 01 the really important ones are
economic in character, and special in the interest they will
serve. i .
The well-worked battleground of taxation affords a case
in point. The struggle is not to provide revenue for the
support of state government, but over carrying of the load.
Owners of real property are rebellious under the load they
have carried, and are trying to shift the burden to other
groups.. me otner groups are wincing under the shoulder
packs many of them having very tender skins so far as
tax experience eoes. i
Old age pensions represents a surrender of our ancient
, jwuuwrcwiuuuuc wicurjr Liiai in our iree society a man
j could and should provide for his own old age. The "have
nots hope to be supported by the "haves, and that not as
a charity but a3 a due.
The whole power program is designed to cripple and
harness the utility companies ostensibly to nrevent thorn
from exploiting the masses of the people. In this case hob
bles are put on the industry.
In sharp distinction to this program' is "the program of
the dairy interests which seek to have the state foster their
industry through hobbling competitors;! if not effectually
to put them out of business. j
Another zone of sharp controversy which has now
reached the political sphere is the contest between the chain
store and the independent merchants. ; Here the indepen
dents seek to put an extra weight on chain stores in the
form of a license tax. It is just another examnle of the
ones we are citing of howr rival economic groups take their
difficulties to legislatures rather to leave them remain in
the zone of free competition.1 j
There are many special! bills which might be mention-
- ed: ; : j :
The Rogue river fish bill in which the upper river group
profiting from tourists and game fishermen, seek to put the
lower river commercial fishermen out of business.
: t Abolishing billboards, in its origin! for esthetic con
siderations but supported by many newspapers who are
rivals" to billboards in the field f advertising. ;
H. B. 145, prohibiting trusts and conspiracies in re
straint of trade. : . v f ' ; '
H. B. 157, which would put .restrictions on a railroad
company moving its division off ices and shops :..l:-':t-.
. The seienty-ar limit bill, whose purpose is chiefly to
give unemployed trainmen employment.; . T
The Portland police and firemen's pension legislation,
imposing special premiums for the benefit of these groups.
This does not include other special interest legislation
such as -bills for the abstracters,, the doctors nurserymen,
contractors, mortgagees, banks, engineers: much of which
is essentially group legislation
me menis out tne type ortftese tAUs. j :4:
' Perhaps when better times roll round there will not
. be such an epidemic' of special interest bills. But the tend
ency seems to grow. The -farmers thought for a long time
that they were the victims of all this special legislaticn,
We are discussing here not
By IL 8. Copeland, 11. D.
Nothing is - more . fascinating
than to watch an Infant sleep
Thoroughly'-, relaxed with to
worry or care,
the, sleeping
babe t is a joy
to look upon.
The sleep of
arly' infancy
Is . quiet aad
peaceful. In
the first
month of life,
it -Is a deep
sleep and may
be almost con
tinuous. T ho
child awakens
only for nour
ishment. ' After
this period the
sleep becomes moro disturbed.
Not until - after the third year
does the normal heavy sleep I
childhood make Its appearance.
Darin the first six months.
the awake periods aro from half
an hour to two hoars long. The
infant sleeps from 18 to IS hours
a day. - "J-
At one rear old tho Infant
sleeps from 14 to 15 hours. When
tho ago of two years ts reached;
IS to 14 hours of aioep make up
the daily rest period. t
When children - have- reached
the age of i tour, they : require
from 11 to IX hours of sleep. It
Is advisable that tho daUy nap
bo encouraged until tho children
aro six years old.
Tor children between tho ages
of six and ten years, tho amount
of sleep required is ten or 11
hours. Nino hours of sleep
should be the minimum for chil
dren from IS to It.
Proper sleep is merely a mat
ter of proper training. This train
ing should be begun at birth.
The infant will soon learn that
when placed in tho crib it is time
to go to sleep. Rocking, or the
giving of a rubber nipple to suck
and other artificial methods of
inducing slumber, should not be
resorted to for the wooing of
sleep. They aro unnecessary and
often harmful.
Qniet Is Essential
The sleeping quarters should
be a room away from noises, and
during the hours . for sleep. It
should bo darkened. A warm and
comfortable bed. a satisfied ap
petite and dry napkins, are all
that are needed to induce sleep
in a normal child.
In training the infant It is best
to keep In mind that the. child is
to have his long sleep at night.
This is best accomplished by
wakening the Infant ' regularly
every three to four hoars during
the day for feeding. Then he Is
permitted to sleep as long as pos
sible during the night.
Irregular sleep in an infant is
due to one ot two things. Either
the child is hungry, or Is suffer
ing from indigestion. Continued
disturbed sleep Is a ' sign of
trouble. If the mother can't lo
cate it. It requires careful inves
tigation bra physician.
Lack ot sleep in children be
yond infancy results in delayed
development. Its cause most be
found and removed. The mental
and physical growth demands
abundance of sleep. f
Answers to Health Queries
J. G. Lv d. I broke my wrist
about a year ago, it pains me
when I try to lift something
heavy. What will stop tho pain?
A. Your wrist will become
stronger in time. Massage may be
helpful.
-'.see
A. E. W. Q. What causes
chills in the log from tho hip
down to tho footf This condition
happens either when I sit or
stand.
A.- This ts probably
nerve irritation.
duo to
Yesterdays
... Of Old Oregon
Town Talks tnm Tho States
SBsw Otf gabbers Bond
February 21, 1906 j
"Way Down East" will show
tonight at the Grand theatre.
Andrew Vereler, who has been
Interested in the Allen and Gil
bert Ramaker Music company,
has sold his Interest to I. E. Sav
age and win give his future at
tention to his fruit farm in Polk
county.
P. A. Cochran of Woodburh
has filed petition for nomination
as democratic candidate for con
gress from the first district.
In the eighth grade examina
tions held in the county schools
recently, 25 pupils succeeded in
passing all tests aitd will receive
diplomas. Forty-two pnpUn fail
ed. .:. : . .!..,(
. A water ditch in front of the
brick atore on South Commercial
street has caused considerable in
convenience to the farmers who
risit town. - T
There are St telnlirnA n... n
service between London and Parts.
hi hl ZJ? l trick themselves, as is witnessed
i?0,?i 0tmt of Pro-farmer legislation which is now und
UrS ? s n. The federal government in late years, has
5wL J s way Jeislate in favor of the farmer, passing
tbee rnesxsiires i federal farm loan act; establishing rtf int
fS!e banks? exemption of farmers' organiza
tions ifrom Clayton act; and the federal farm relief act,
,r?r , 0 ,thm8 either the machinery of govern-!-
r,bi down ai we wiH .get so-far from "first
principles that governmental red'tape will cripple the ec
ononuc success of the country (as for instance the federal
farm board has in agriculture) ; or the tendency to live on
political favor will grow so much that the state will be hand
demaScy l?118111 under' the badge of republicanism or
This is a Very lenirthv rl?sirtntinn w omif f fa
a subject American citizens
run to the government -for
adhere to the simple structure of government which Jeffer
son visioned, and the Adam Smith theories justified? Our
own conviction is that there should be a definite slowing
OOWa rf. SJOUD leifislatien both from that, srjmrlnnint of
fpoiiucat ineory ana economic
I W m-frry'j W . rl Sr Sw Im Ort StSl rt liri 333 'Wtfc..
TY I....J -x
iviuruer at
The body of aBroness von
Wlese Is found In tho garden of
Eagle's Nest, Emily Hardy's pal
atial country home, wrapped In
Mary Frost's shawl. Preceding
her murder, the Baroness had
given a note to the butler. This
he denies. She had also quarreled
with her maid. Mary Frost, re
turning for her shawl, at mid
night, saw it on Laura Allan.
Laura, however, claims Mary en
tered the garden wearing the
shawl. "Bim" Martin, young
newspaper reporter, fiancee of
Assistant Police Chief Walter
Vance, . learns Laura was respon
sible for the broken engagement
of her own sister and Ted Frost,
Mary's ! nusband. Ted had also
flirted with the Baroness. "Bim"
observing the- batler dancing,
wonders about bim. She learns
from Carl Carey, New York re
porter, that the Baroness was
Margot Belle. - famous dancer.
The supposed stolen Jewels of tho
Baroness are found la the Bar-
JJJJ
mistaking the Baroness for his
wife of whom he Is Jealous. Al
though Ted and Mary. Frost left
Eagle's Nest separately before
midnight, they arrived home to
gether at 4 a. m.
CHAPTER XXV III
: This was Wednesday and the
Baroness von Wiese, as , Walter
reminded Bias, had been mur
dered Monday about midnight.
- "And," he went on, "the hon
orable Mr. Fury is of the opin
ion that the. case, should be fa the
bag.' In other words, the chief is
beginning to yell at us before the
public yells at bim. It looks very
much as if be means to make
plenty of trostole from now on."
"Old four-flusher!" Bim raged.
"After all you've done!"
"What have we done, honey?
That gets os anywhere, I mean.
Oh. sure, we're working here and
there and everywhere and we've
turned up more than somewhat.
But all we've turned up leaves us
just about where we were at the
start with a. fistful of hot clews
and a slew of suspicions.
"Wally, have you any idea who
the Baroness. met in the garden
who she must have been with
when she was killed?"
Into Thia. air -
Ideanren't good enough now.
We can't work from that angle;,
there's not enough to go on.
What 'we want is to .trace the
identity of the woman who was
the third party In .the garden.
She left a trail like a row ot sign
posts and then vanished Into
thin air. We've done tip every
thing with a fine-tooth comb and
that's that and all ot It. ,
"Wouldn't it help to go over
her trail again? Why not call at
Eagle's Nest this afternoon? If
you can. stand my society?"
He caught at Bim and tried to
kiss her before they left the sta
tion house. Bhe did not in the
must ponder over. Is it wise to
ntfU nrrviT-f. f amiM w
security.
t7 1 i
iiigie b 1 c&t
least mind being kissed by him
but this time, for reasons of her
own she laughed and dodged and
he followed her Into the street,
muttering and shaking his head.
They drove the little gray po
lice ear up Pine Hill and parked
it beside Lowland Drive, enter
ing Eagle's Nest through a break
in the hedge and making a cir
cuitous way around the grounds
toward the summer house.
The little building was opened
on this late summer afternoon
and looked very Inviting, very
pleasant, and not at all like a
place with a sinister history.
Walter and Bim strolled around
toward the rear and stood there
gazing at the flower-beds where
footprints had shown yesterday
morning. j
"They measured up with Mrs.
Hardy's shoes,! Walter remarked
thoughtfully. "But she wasn't in
the garden the" night of the mur
der . . Did someone want to make
JinV supplement
ft look as If she was t?i
ed, "wears a white linen uni
form? Em's maids dress in blue
striper and Imogens and Jane
wear black. But somebody caught
her skirt or maybe it was her
O IVil.Lsoam trlfTsasTomAOco Co.
By WINIFRED
van duzer
blouse ron, the rose-vines and
left a shred of starched white lin
en sticking there for the police
to find next morning. And where,
she went on dreamily, "Do you
suppose the rest of the uniform
Is this minute?" ,
"Where, Indeed, echoed Bim's
young man. . "Not within a mile
of where we stand If you're to be
lieve Officer Burke." !
The old Triangle
"Why not believe Officer
Burke? Whoever wore and tor
that dress Isn't going to keep K
around here, you know. Not for
long, anyway. Also who lost a
sheet? And whose . laundry mark
has a smudged B or D or P or R
ax the beginning of it?"
"And . whose- ' French heel,
continued Walter, "ground -the
note the Baroness von Wiese
wrote? And who did she-ask to
meet her' here in the garden?
And how did the owner of the
French heel come into possession
of the- note?"
"It looks very much," Bim de
clared, "like the old triangle. The
beautiful other woman steals
somebody's boy friend and sets
clipped in consequence. :
(Continued on page T) . I
M I LD ER
BETTER
..and rX - -
TASTE " -
'
By R. i HfiJJDMC&J
First merchant r la Coryallis:
Vcontinnins from yesterdayt)
Ah explanation Iff due ths rtadef,
One t the effect! of me mining
xodus of ISIS. tter gold had
beta , dtscoverftd If J'atlon and
Polk ! county pioneers in Califor
nia on January 24 of that year,
was the suspension . ot the regu
lar session of the provisional
government, which should hare
convened the first Tuesdiy in
December, at Oregon City. Only
nine members were present, out
of the IS entitled to seats,
though Governor Abernathy had
sent out a call for an extra elec
tion, to fill the places of the
members who had Joined the
gold' rush. . -. l'
The governor sent out a sec
ond call for a special election, to
attend an adjourned meeting, to
come together the first Monday
la February. IS 49, which fell on
the 6th. The body came to or
der -with 17 members, and or
ganised. But J. C. Avery had
been , elected after the second
call to represent Benton county,
and as he was not present the
sergeant-at-arms was sent after
him, with a duly sworn out war
rant, ' V
. V n ''
That last session of the pro
visional government legislature
was notable mainly for the fact
that it passed a license law;
made old Oregon wet. though it
was dry at first. This was done
after a hot tight in that swan
song session preceding the terri
torial government Also, there
was a lot said about paying the
expenses ot the Cayuse war, but
little i done. And an act was
passed to govern the weighing
and storing of gold dust. There
was present m tnac ooay as
member 8. R. Thurston, a new ar
rival, destined to cut a wide swath
in the brief time he served in
congress as I Oregon territory's
delegate. Thurston plumed him
self tor the soaring political
flights for which he came to this
territory to take off. In the brief
session, hewas able to get the
vantage point he coveted.
rw :
The first session of the terri
torial: legislature was convened
by a call of General Joe Lane,
governor, tor July If, 184. He
bad proclaimed the territorial
government March 3. There was
a short adjourned session of that
body in May. IS 50, to consider the
matter of punishing the Cayuse
Indian murderers of the. Whit
mans.
S V
The second regularJessIon of
the territorial legislature conven
ed at Oregon City, December- 2,
1850, : by common consent, - the
first session having failed to lo
cate by law the capital, as contem
plated by the law of congress
making Oregon a territory. J. C
Avery of Benton county was a
member of the lower house ot
that body; He had evidently by
then concluded that It was not a
bad idea to have a hand in mak
ing the laws under which he was
to lire. . And he might get some
thing for his new town. So be
ing a 1 member ot the legislature
became a sort of habit with him.
- 1 : v
That very , session of the ter
ritorial legislature gave Salem
the capital, Portland the peni
tentiary and Marysv'Ue- (Corvalr
11s) the state university, and Ore
gon City nothing; after a terrific
tight. . .-. -
.1 '
7
o
Whicn is larger the white
ball or the black? Don't
answer too quickly. '
MAY FOOL' TOUD
BUT '
Bo the thlfd regular session
was held in Salem, convening
December 3, 1151, When Mr. Av
ery wis tgaifl la the lower
house front Beaton county and
Geo. in. Cole was his Colleague.
,
The vote en the location Act
had been I to I id the council
(tame ts senate in A state tor
efnmeht), and 10 to I in the)
house This third session 6f the
territorial legislature. In Salem,
was held In "the basement story
ot the- Oregon Institute, oil the
tight-hand side ai yeu enter the
door; to bo furnished with store,
seats, tables and tpitioobi," ac
cording, to the 'official arrange
ments and record. j
W
The special session convening
July 36. 1852, was also held
there, and the fourth regular
session ot that year, eoming to
gether December . So was the
fifth regular session, convening
December 5 1863.
w W
By the time of the fourth ses
sion ot December 9, 1852. a
start had been made In the clerk
ship scramL'e that has grown
ever since, and a committee
room was provided at the "right
of. the stairs Immediately oppos
ite the council (senate) chamber
for committee ai-J enrolling
clerks, with desks, and more if
needed, as the record -n.
m m S
J. C. Avery and Geo. E. Cole
represented Benton county in
that session (the one of '65-6).
Mr. Avery did not one back to
the 1863-4 sesaion, which, as
above stated, was also held in
the Oregon Institute rooms. Nor
did he serve in the '54-5 session,
which was held in t complet
ed rooms of the uncompleted
territorial state house in Salem.
Nor in the ; '55-6 session. A lot
of things happened. At that ses
sion, the capital was relocated.
Corvallls -vas named as tha. cap
ital, and Jacksonville as tho seat
of the state university. And Rep
resentative Avery bad the name
of his town changed from Marys-
vllle to Corvallls in a bill he
introduced.
- The governor (Geo. L. Curry)
moved his office to Corvallls, and
the Statesman office, doing the
state printing,, went there, by
boat.' But the I legislature had
not secured the.. -ratification ot
congress in (attempting to re-
more the. - capital to Corvallls,
and -in the r session of '55-6, F.
G rover, member of the council
from Marlon, got through a bill
moving the capital back to Sal
em, -and the governor and the
Statesman office came back.
flt S
But on Dec. 30, '1855, the
nearly completed teritorial state
house was bnrned down, by an
incendiary fire. It was located
where the state capitol is now.
Corvallls got the blame for the
fire, and that sent her hopes -f
getting the capital glimmering.
It was finally located at Salem
by vote of the .people. .That fight
makes a storyi too long to tell
here. For 20 years the sessions
of - the legislature, after 1855,
were held In the Turner block,
on the corner north of the pres
ent Statesman building, and the
state . offices and state library
were In that and the present
Statesman building. In rented of- '
flees, until the present state
house was finished.
, W
Mr. Avery came back to the
1856 territorial legisl ure, and
renewed the fight for giving Cor
, (Continued onpage 7)
hi 'f
N.