1 '
- The OHEGON STATESMAN. Salent, Oregon. Sunday trorgDgggmbgrjJO,
PAGE TEN
Illuminate
COLLEGE GETS
Albany Coeds to be Housed
; In $50,000, 3-Story
New Structure
A splendid addition to Albany
college - la the new" women's
building, the . foundation - (or
which has Just been completed.
After much detailed work .the-
Woman's Albany college league
has created tne fund wnlea , wm
: finance the building of this strue-
'tnre which will cost about 150,
000 J when completed. The build-
- dr committee was a group or l
women who planned the building
with, the professional aiTiee
'. I tU Bartholomew of Salem.
Mrs. I. P. Hewitt,- president -of
the Woman's Albany couege lea
tui Hri. Bessie II. Mann, secre
tary. Mrs. Richard W. Williams,
membershln secretary, and Mrs
Boudinot : Seeley, district key
woman for Portland district and
mil of whom-have -their homes in
Portland were- members of the
building committee.
The basement which is sow
complete and covered for the
winter ready forf building opera
tions as soon as I possible In tne
sDrina- has some attractive rea.-
tares peculiar to itself. For In
stance there is tne unexcavaiea
portion in the center of the base
ment which divides the laundry
rooms, i two large recreation
rooms, and trunk rooms from the
commissary . department. Tne an
vlsabillty. of this precaution
seems evident and Quite an Im
nrovement over many similar
buildings. .
Front Door Graceful
When the building . is, tom-
pleted It will be three, starles.
160 feet long ana witn me aa
vantage of being built with pro-
Tlstons for adding otner wings
to the main building. The front
is centered . with a gracefully
arched door with wrought iron
railings leading up the sides of
tho several steps.
On either side of the doorway
are arched windows with small
wrought Iron railings. The bull
ing is faced with red brick and
is of masonry construction, and
has An asbestos rigid shingled
roof. The ends of the building
hare end stair wells for fire proof
protection. The Idea of the
wrought iron on' the outside, of
the building Is carried Inside for
the stairway, railings. , All the
athroom. . floors, and., base, are
tile.
; The first floor has a dining
room . which will accommodate
300 people and "in this has been
arranged folding doors so that . a
private . dining room ' may be
made within ' the large . dining
room. The kitchen Is complete in
every detail. There is one large
living room and two small living
rooms equipped with a kitchen
ette which will provide for pri
vate parties for the 'college
women. ' ... - - - - - v
On . the first floor is also the
private living room. ... bath. - and
bedroom for the dean of wom
en. There are also three. guest
bedrooms with batlf and coat
rooms and rest rooms on this
floor.
Many Windows In Structure
V The second and-third floor is
given over to the sleeping .and
study rooms for the. women stu
dents. One novel feature of the
student quarters Is the 'amount
of light provided by an unusual
number of .windows. After vlsit
lnz women's buildings on . the
campuses of most of the north
western schools and after the
study of many eastern college
campus buildings by Mr. Barth
olomew and the building- com
mittee there was developed the
fact that most such, building
did not have enough light...
In order to get the proper
amount of light double windows
were used In the 17 study rooms
on each floor and triple windows
in the sleeping porches. . . Each
study room accomodates four
girls and a sleeping porch with J
double decked beds allowing for
two girls for each sleeping porch
is on either side of each -study.
There is also a lavatory and
closet to each study, and ' there
are shower , baths and , general
toilets on each floor. Three ac-ce-tble
stairs lead to each floor.
The sum total of this building
will be a delight to the eye and
a satisfaction to the women mak
ing it their home for nine months
of the year.
Local labor, has been and will
be used In the construction, most
of It eoming from Albany. Rob
ert, and Horskotte of Salem are
the builders. .
Many Attend ; :
School Program
RICKREALL. v Dee. : 20 Tho
grade , school Christmas program
was presehted on Thursday
night before a large " audienee
gathered m the high school audi
torium. '. ; -
Tha Oak Point orchestra fur
nished music for the- occasion,
which added much -to the enjoy
ment of the evening.
: The following program- was
rendered: v Reading, , Donald Let
teken; group . of songs, upper
grades; Santa Claus up to- date,
Robert Brown: play, Christmas
in Mother Goose Land, primary
room; play, A Christmas Lesson,
seventh grade; dialogue, The
Christmas Spirit,. 'primary pupils;
I piano solos, Donald Letteken and
.iElsle Kills: reading. A Christmas
'Carol,; Beatrice Relmer; The
Broken1 Doll, Virginia McCrow;
'song, A Christmas Lullaby, a
group of girls; skit. The Road to
Toytown, primary pupils;: There
is a Santa claus, Katie Whaleyj
play, Tha Spirit of Christmas,
.eighth "grade.' .- v.-t ""
1 The Cnriatmaa basm&r held in
connection by the children and
teachers i ; netted - them .oyer 1 20
Ml
Outd.
rose enns ie
h
Tested Varieties and Their
Advantages" Told to I
' Statesman Group-
fUrm. V.i EsUi oatrikate tfcla ar
ticle far tfee WaefU ( r grwrrs aad
tkeae was wit t beeema roM growers.
Ta tint t taa sariaa was vriaUd a
pat U( tfta DwmWr 14 Stmtenun.)
By MRS. MYRON VAN EATON
Padre is a little newer than the
foregoing and 1 a coppery pink.
somewhat of the color of Edward
Herriot. It Is a very free bloom
er, semi-aoubie, small zoiiage,
good shaped bud, hardy and reli
able. It grows tall and slender.
If yon wish to purchase a few
new. tested roses you cannot go
wrong with Etoile de Holland,
Mrs. A. R. Banaclougb. Feu Jo
seph Looymans, Angele Pernet,
Mrs. W. E- Nlckerson, Betty TJp
richard. and Florence : I. lizard
None of the roses I mention in
this article sell" for more than $1
per bush.. -
Mrs. A. ' R. Banaclough Is a
delightful new pink rose and one
of the best. It Is a very strong,
healthy grower, good bloomer,
fine large foliage, hardy and a
wonderfully shaped bloom. It
has foliage that Is "disease resis
tant. ,
Fen Joseph Looymans Is a new
one from- Holland and is a win
ner. It Is a golden yellow1,' with
a long pointed bud and' high cen
tered bloom.- It is hardy and free
which will be used for play equip
ment. -. - t,
The Rlckreall school closed on
Friday with a Christmas tree In
each: room -and. the teachers left
for their respective homes for
the two weeks vacation.- .After
the first of the year a new group
of student teachers - will be sent
here from the normal. . 'V
Miss Marlorie Davis' home Is In
Corvallis; Miss Katherlne . Mc
Ewen. Freewater; Irma Baker,
Forest Grove; Dorothy Walter,
Portland; Ruby Merchant. Me-
Mlnnville;, Ruth . plank, Kelso,
Wash.
Mrs. Earn art. house mother at
the O. N. S. dormitory here will
spend the holidays at her home
in Carlton.
: V
.y v-.
1
'T
'.V'
J4.
6f
By LILLIE L. MADSEN .
Last week I promised I woald
tell you something ' 'about the
nursery-grown conifers. There
are any number ot varieties of
these suitable for almost every
purpose. We have the tall ones,
the bush conifers, and the low
creepers. Some sorts are fine for
tfpeciman planting, some are suit
able tor rockeries, for .founda
tions and for the formal garden.
The Willamette valley seems to
been an ideal climate for almost
every known conifer. Conifers
do not thrive well in a' dry, arid
country.. - . I" . .
As I said last week eonlfera do
quite nicely in a variety of sons
but they will' repay, one for extra
attention in the way of 'fertilisers
added 'to the ground into which
they are to, be planted.. . Nearly
always when the treescome from
the nursery they are 4balled."?
Then do not remove the burlap
but set the tree right into the hole
as it la, cut the string that holds
the burlap, slit the sides with a
sharp knife and paek - the - soil
tightly around It Planting time
Is from October to April. ? T4
; As a rule one does not associate
conifers with insects or diseases.
But they are by no means lmun.
On nurseryman told nie' himself
that hs v had fonnd difficulty 1
earrylag over-small spruce tree,
particularly . daring a dry sum
mer. Red spider and plant lice,
ha Informed me,. often completely
destroy a tree, and worms were
sometimes lnjarlous. I asked him
how he controlled them: The
plant lice and red spider, he said,
he washed off with a comparative
ly strong spray of eold water. Oft
en, he went on, he sprayed for tho
caterpillar and other worms, us
ing arsenate ot lead spray or nico
tine solutions, j n i . r . ' ,
' I shall not attempt to enum
erate tho varieties, bat will men
tion Jest a few. I a hail begin' with
the tali trees which are used only
whoa ono has sufficient room for
d
Ell
mm
-n-i
1
rees
A LIVEABLE HOUSE
'etm "' toa-
tat 1 Trip" 1 1 1 V ! I
A weD-plaaeed small house Is
joy to the yovng wife who does
net have a maid and who ia mot
contest to "keep boose" all day
long, and does enjoy bridge and
parties and: coif. .
There are several points quite
right In the above plan.' Tho noose
set well forward oa a wide '.lot
woald leave a deUefatfully pro
tected back yard to bo eed f or
i . ootdoor Unag - room in tne
ismmer. Tne way tne. terraces
are planned would add an appeal-
las; note of beauty in planning the
correct flower and grass arrange
ment. A long living room with a
broad fireplace always 1 .a joy,
Hall and closet arrangement is an
other thing .- to appeal . to -' the
honsewlfe in this design. Personal
taste will find other things to ap
preciate that have not been men
tioned at random.
from disease and has' beautiful
glossy foliage 'that" looks . v as
though It had been' varnished.
Thl adds greatly to .the attrac
tiveness of the blooms.1. It ts the
best new. yellow tha,-I've, tried.
"AnajelA Pernet Popolari
Angele Pernet is . another rose
with. the. Tarnish-like -oliage and
has. blooms of a color hard to de
scribe. It Is an orange yellow
with a Jlttle. pink. .This .variety
blooms freely, is hardy and dis
ease resistant and is a rose every
one should grow. It I could have
but one rose, It would he Angele
Pernet.". . - . . - . -:.
. Mrs. W. E- Nlckerson Is a -rosy
salmon color and is an excellent
rose In every way. '
Betty Uprichard Is not Quite as
new as the others In this group,
but It is a vary good rose; blooms
the inside of the petals and car
mi n pink shading to orange - on
the outside, and In shape Is a
semfrtlouble - bloom. --
Florence L. Xzzard Is a pure
buttercup yellow with glossy fol
iage. It Is an excellent bloomer
shape, : t -
To be Continued)
How Does Your
Garden Grow?
By LILLIEL. MADSEN
large specimens or groups. Among
the lovely column types Is the
Italian. Cypress used so much in
formal" gardens and for founda
tion planting where a compara
tively tall, slender tree can be
used. The Pyramidal Arbor VI
tae Is also a great favorite. Still
another - famous member of the
columnar shape is the JunI perns
HIbernlsa, the common Irish . Ju
niper. The Lawson Cypress (Cha
maecyparls . Lawson Ian a) la one
of the most popular of the tail
conifers. -
. Dwarf Evetgreen Charming
A charming dwarf evergreen Is
Sander's . cedar (Chamaecyparis
Obtuso Sanderil). This is a com
pact, oval-shaped little bush,
suitable for small gardens. : The
moss cedar (Chamaecyparis Pisl
fera Squarosa) is still a smaller
dwarf, scarcely ever, attaining ji
height over . 20 mehea. - This Is
particularly goo4 Sot rockeries -or
for the -front Jonndation ' plant
ing. -.The Chinese Jenlper Is also
an Interesting little conifer, suit
able tor the smaiL yards. It is
taller when mature-than Is the
moss .cedar. -but it is not a largo
tree. In shape it Is conical. Still
another favorite of tho . dwarf
type is the tiny cypress listed un
der tho not so tiny name of Cham
aecyparis Lawsonlana ?, Minima
Glanca. Others more familiar in
the bush typo which "will not ex
ceed seron feet at- maturity are
tho Japanese Table.. Pine (Plans
Tanyosha Globose) and the dwarf
Japanese .Tew (Taxus Cnspidata
Brevlfolla). : , ;
'- The creeping or spreading coni
fers suitable tor ground coverings,
banks and tha larger rockeries.
Include tho creepier Juniper (Ja
niperns.; Korisontalis) '- and the
Waukegan Juniper. . -
Bemember that
mixture spray im
a - Bordeaux
December is
good for . your reees and-that in
January a lime-sulphur spray Is
to oo Tttsed,-:: '
Will
7
FOB FOUR MM
YanT Orders Gain but do
.v Wot Prove Turn has
" Come ;
SEATTLE, ' Wash., ' Dee. : SO
Tho largest rolnmo of orders re
ceived in any one seven' day per
iod in the last four months was
reported by 228 identical mills
in the Douglas fir region , to the
West Coast Lumbermen's asso
ciation, for tha week ending De
cember 13. "The heavy buying
recorded for last week the as
sociation stated, -while gratify
lng, does not In our Judgment,
reflect a turn in. the market, al
though it may-be evidence that
a turn L Is in the making. Onr
office Is la close touch with the
principal markets and the sales
departments of the mills and the
Information . gathered indicates
that this unusual buying was
due to ' badly depleted stocks at.
dealers' yards, to the present low
mill, prices, and to the coming
protracted . shut-down of west
coast -mills during mid-winter.
Of the J 2 million feet increase
in-orders - recorded -for. the - cur
rent week over the week previ
ous, million.. feet came -to
the Industry from the domestic
water trade and mostly from the
Atlantie coast, according to. the
association. ."This market, 'the
association -stated, is in -better
shape than for several" months.
but lumber authorities along the
Atlantie coast do not , expect a
large volume of . lumber to be
f bought or used - during the . next
three months. Recent ; buying,: is
due to a combination of broken
stocks In large- city yards, cur
tailment ot .lntercoastal . lumber
cargo tonnage," a rising freight
rate, and the foreseen closing of
West coast- mills. Qoring Decern
her and , January. With the
freighting, situation under a fair
degree of control, practically no
unspld lumber. Is going to that
area; and as freights are rising
month, by month from . the ex
tremely , .low levels of the late
summer. Atlantie - coast . whole
salers and retail dealers believe
lumber values , will appreciate
during the winter while the mills
are ; down. However. It much
lumber is offered for aale over
the immediate demand, the mar
ket may be expected to stop, buy
ing Mill- values have Increased
in this trade from fifty cents to
one dollar per thousand during
the last 30 days."
.-. Yard Stocks Low ;
Generally, according to the as
low throughout the United States
excepting in . the hands of mills,
and mill stocks are in poor As
sortment. With closing down
plans announced by most ot the
west coast mills for definite per
iods daring the coming two
months, buyers know that mixed
cars and standard Atlantie coast
schedules . are going 'to be diffi
cult to obtain in the. near future.
A few of ; them are coming into
the market to make commitments
before, the mills close. This con
dition, the association believes, is
temporary and would , cease im-
meaiaieiy . if tne muia were to
change operating plans and con
tinue even present minimum op
erations during January and Feb
ruary. 1 - - . V- -
A total of SOS mills reporting
to the association for the. week
ending December 13 operated at
44.72 per cent of capacity, as
compared with -43.97. per cent of
capacity for r the previous week
and with CS per cent during the
early part of 1S30. During the
last four weeks these mills op
erated at the lowest ner cent of
capacity recorded since the weeks
in which the. Fourth, of July and
Labor day. holidays occurred.
Itam' Below Half Bate -
In the 29 week - period ' Since
the week -ending- Hay 24. tit
mills hsve operated-at 4C.73 per
cent of capacity, which has re
sulted ' tn approximately' one and
one half billion - feet ' being cut
from production. -The decrease
represents ; over ten . weeks pro
duction, at : tho . preient -rata of
cuttlnr. for tho entire -.Industry
in the Doualan fir region of Ore
ron. .- Washington 1 1 and 1 British
Columbia. .' :-.,:-'.'.:; -"
Current new business teported
by 228. Identical mill was S0.10
per .cent rover-, production and
shipments were 7.7S . per cent
under. Orders received by these
22S mills during, the 21 week
period from July SI to December
1 3 exceeded the lumber ; output
by 3.0 7 per - cent. : Durlnc r th
neat week orders In the rail trade
fucreased .about -Ajyoo.OOO.i do
mestic cargo - orderi increased
about 1 .200.000 f?t. exoort In
ereaaed about - t.OOa.OOO feet.
while local dropped about t.KOS.
000 fwt when, cornnared with thf
wees- "preTlous -; Unf Wed f orders.
al
em's Cheery Greeting to
PROBLEMS OF THE WEST
COAST LUMBER INDUSTRY
v By W. B. Creeley. SecreiTlanager r ;
; Wfst Oa Ianberaea's AswdaUoa- '
YAa addreso beforo tho Weatersi DivisioH meeting. Chamber
of CVmunerco of the United States of Amorlca--Fortland, Oregon,
December 9, 1980 - - ' -
. ThaN forests ef the Rocky
Mountain and -Pacific . states
were the last. to bo reached and
-ntlUxed in tho natural deyelop
ment of industry, t They , atill
eenstlcute a vast national re-,
aerva- of . timber. : containing . 7 S
per oent of the softwoods in -the
United' states .'and sufficient, ' In
cluding the public : holdings, to
sustain their present, rate ot use
for probably 40 years to come.
Hence, theproblem of forest
industries while nation-wide In
scope- are particularly acuta in
the western states. v Hero is the
great proving. " ground : which
challenges our ability, to , work,
out a sound indpstrial. program,
backed .by constrnctlvoi-. public
nolicles. tor the .sane. use. of -o
great natural resource, r
Tha lumber Industry was the
pioneer in exploring, acquiring.
and utilizing these forests oz tne
west. It .came here from the
timbered regions of the east
with tho accepted convictions ot
Its craft. Lumber was a great
national staple. Its consump
tion was bound to Increajtarate-
ably with population. .- Timber
would enhance in value as the
virgin supply diminished. 'The
ownership of timber was an
open door to financial success.
Field was Vlrglm
With these impelling motives.
lumbermen entered the - new vir
gin field .with tremendous ener
gy, courage, and mechanical - ef
ficiency. They developed a great
Industry, and with it ' the states
and communities in which they
operated and the transportation
systems which served them.- The
logging, ' lumber and other, forest
Industries today provide 5 per
cent of the payrolls of Oregon
and Washington' and over 00
per cent of the railroad tonnage
originating in the two states.
In the conquest of the western
forests, . timber supplies for- half
a century to come - passed Into
private ownership. . They , were
placed upon the . taxrolls. - They
became subject to all the: costs
and processes - of capitalization
incident . to ; private ownership.
And this factor of carrying' an
immense reserve of raw -mater
la! with realization projected far
into the future shortly began
to' dominate the Industrial situa
tion.
Meantime, ' the picture of 7 the
lumber., market Tegan to change.
National habits in the ' use . of
wood were changing. Many oth
er .materials, aggressively devel
oped and ' merchandised, - were
competing with lumber.1: In the
last twenty years, the per capita
consumption of lumber has de
clined .. one-third f and the ' total
consumption about . . one-fifth.
Lumber .no longer sold itself, -It
had . to enter a highly . competl
tire .field - and hold Its markets
by quality, service and salesman
ship. ; ' . - v
And so the new lumber Indus?
try of the. west began to; find it
self between an upper millstone
of raw material - which ft ' had
taken upon its snouioers and , a
nether millstone . of markets
which were diminishing - and
more difficult' to hold..
Change Taking Place
As it ' seeks to meet these
problems, a progressive change
is taking place in the Industry
itself. It la emerging from the
old order in which ita main reli
ance was upon the ownership of
a natural resource. It Is entering
a new order whose keynote is in
dustrial efficiency.
That means intensive research
to Improve the old products of
the tree and develop new ones.
It means the manufacture or
further fabrication of specialized
products adapted to the exact
requirements ot various groups
of discriminating consumers. It
means the careful selection ot
raw material for specific uses.
like, a high-grade structural tim
ber; and the exact identification
of its quality to the architect or
engineer who uses it.
It means -lumber whose qual-
Increased about 30,000,000 . feet
during the week. Price increase
have occurred in the Atlantic
coast trade, due to more active
buying - during tne past two
weeks.. .
Mill Inventories have been re
duced 4.43 per cent daring the
past 29 weeks. Continued re
duction ot production ' from sow
until after the Kew Tear Is an
ticipated by the association, and
further decreases in inventories
are expected. .-. Stocks are badly
broken with popular yard items
increasingly difficult to obtain.
Production at - 228 identical
mills totaled 115,393.197 feet;
orders were 138.587.355 feet;
and shipments 1 Of, 481.303 feet:
Orders Increased about 22,609.
000 feet, shipments were practic
ally the same aa - the preceding,
week at these aame mills and pro
duction 'increased ' about 1.000.-
000 feet over the previous week.
- a :
9
. This organization Is composed of men highly trained to
anticipate and avoid any embarrassment or delay In
obtaining -real estate loans-on all kinds of properties.
Hawkins & Roberts '
:" t :" Loans 1 Iavestznents r -i- Jjnsnraiico '-r ; :
205 ' Oregon -T33dg.v;Si-Ti'' Telephone 1637
itv is certified : by grade marks.
and ' lumber dried to definite
specifications tor the trade which
requires it. It ' means , not only
the nUlizalon of logging and. mill
waste tor pulp and like products,
but . a ' much - greater ; correlation
of : manufacturing, processes : so
aa to find , other . outlets for the
low-grade portions of the .log
which will not return their., cost
as boards or scantlings. - ;, -:;
.' tThe ; search 'of the , lumberj In?
dustry for greater . efficiency Is
taking1 it 'back into" the woods
to study afresh Its raw material
before ; the - process of conversion
Is begun.: "Selective logging" has
become a familiar, term to the
timber:, operator "and a .frequent
practice' in the 'pine forests ot
the West. It involves simply har
vesting the species and. grades of
timber which-yield a profit un
der present economic conditions,
and leaving as far as -practicable
for later conversion the trees
which show red in the operator's
books; Even in the dense stands
of the Douglas fir region, there
are large possibilities in. - seleet-
uve logging for reducing indus
trial losses In the manufacture
and . disposal of low-grada ma
terial.-; . ; , ;: .
Above all else, .the new order
In - the lumber . Industry . means
progressive merchandising . to
supply - the . present-day require
ments of -the consumer for qual
ity and service, and. the aggress
ive development of markets to
meet the Intense competllon now
encountered in almost every
field of lumber; use.' ;; ?
. It is important to emphasize
these facta at the outset. It would
be futile for; the .lumber industry
to invite public - discussion . of
certain of ita . major - problems,
and particularly ' to suggest fur
ther public cooperation in their
solution without clearly, recognlz
Ing the' necessity for- many in
ternal betterments which the in
dustry alone can accomplish.
Plant Efficiency Seeded'
There still remains a most im
portant phase of industrial effi
ciency: namely, the effective ad
justment of the current produc
tion of lumber -to the consump
tive . demand. The lumber Indus
try shares - with the petroleum,
coal and other natural resource
industries the fundamental-prob
lem of conserving, enormous sup
plies of raw r aterial already ac
quired, and avoiding the waste
ot ' destructive . , competition in
t'.elr use.- It . stands in - need . of
some means "of balancing supply
with demand in J an orderly,., ef
fective way. in order to secure a
living . return, maintain stable
employment,' and avoid excessive
loss of raw maerial.
Let me refer specifically to the
situation in western Oregon' and
Washington. ' -
'. A survey as of September 30
of this ' year.. revealed 895 .living
sawmills, ' of which' 29 1 had pro
duced no lumber during. the pre
ceding ' uarter. . The capacity of
the 895 actual or potential pro
ducers, as normally and custom
arily operated. Is in excess of fif
teen billion board feet of lumber
annually, or at least 25 per cent
more lumber than the Industry
has yet sold in its most favor
able year. 1
Behind .' these sawmills stands
some thirty 'years' supply of
timber in private ownership.
This vast amount of timber, in
excess ot 300 billion board' feet.
has been subject for many years
to the taxes, protection costs, in
terest and other carrying charges
Inciden to private ownership.
There has thus been created a
tremendous financial pressure
for liquidation. At the same time,
the trend in timber values and
the rate Jit which taxes and otb-
carrying charges accumulate,
largely restrict opporunities for
the sale of timber to areas in the
path of speedy manufacture.
Hence, the liquidation of burden
some Investments in .raw ma-1
terlal is forcing timber Into the
sawmills. Trees must be. con
verted into dollars to pay taxes.
interest, and bond maturities;
and sawmills . operate In the red
rather than incur the greater
loss of shutting down.
Crwx of Problem
The burden of thirty years'
reserve of raw material is thus
responsible: first, for creating an
excessive manufacturing capac
ity; and, second, . for keeping
more of it employed much of the
time than the orderly, supply of
our markets would .warrant, -
In 1928, a relatively favorable
year, a strenuous educational ef
fort within the Douglas fir In
dustry kept Its production at. 75
per cent of capacity and supply
was'tairly balanced with demand.
In 1929, the mills operated at
about 70 per cent of their nor
mal capacity. : bat atilL manufac
tured too much lumber as the
demand slackened . during ' the
last half -of the orear. .Excessive
stocks were accumulated, - prices.
steadily forced "down, and waste
Increased. . ; v
. In 1930, to the end or October,
the production . dropped . to 54
per cent of capacity. Since July
first, it has averaged but 45 per
eent and . inventories have been
materially decreased. The sharp
decline in business this year In
cident to the general - depression
has. been reflected in West Coast
lumber orders to the end of Oct
ober representing but 55 per
cent of the industry's capaciy; in
a decline of 30 per cent in the
average price of lumber soX- as
compared with the : spring of
1929; in 'the complete shutdown
of 291 mills; and in. throwing
from 40 to 50 , thousand mill
and. logging.: camp workers out
of 'employment, j.- -'
-. " Over-Prodnctlon'. Chronic
. ' While this year's situation Is,
of . course, abnormal, it pictures
in vivid colors the basic weak
ness oftn industry. w.hich must
perforce carry a long-time sup
ply of :." raw : material. . Over-production
-is ' its chronic .ailment.
At 'times It' is under, fair con-
troL .'Then ft breaks out afresh
in an acute form. And every cy
cle of a few months of over-pro
duction brings in its. train de
moralized markets, irregular em
ployment or unemployment, of la
bor-and excessive waste , ot raw
material as the hard-pressed .op
erator discards low-grade logs or
lumber whose manufacture would
only add to the burden of his
losses.
' The West Coast Lumbermen's
Association has. valiantly . attack
ed this . giant with.' weapons . of
fact, education Land ; persuasion.
We . have persistently put before
the manufacturers - the current
facts as - to ; production; orders,
stocks and market- trends. We
have unremittingly : urged mod
erate ..production programs to
keep the - situation in balance
from' month to .month.- We have
preached the economic gospel of
manufacturing what can be sold
at a fair price rather than run
ning fall time and then selling
what' has been manufactured at
any price.
We have had a fair measure
of success. But the problem is
too deep-seated - to yield to edu
cational methods alone. - A more
definite and business-like basis
for' a continuing orderly - con
trol, of production by concerted
action throughout ' the Industry
must ne round.
Consolidation " Held Necessary
, Considering this. need, in con
nection with the other things
the lumber Industry should do
In world-wide merchandising, de
veloping by-products;- and the
like, . I am convinced that' no . so
lution will' be -effective .without
a large - degree of. consolidation
within the industry. .-This .need
not take, the form of, a single.
giant merger of timber, holdings
and ' operating 'facilities.'- It may
come about : most - practicably
through: a number of consolida
tions,, formed by grouping mills
or timber holdings In each of the
principal lumber producing-. dist
ricts or western Oregon and
wasnington
' The Industry today Is widely
dispersed In timber "and plant
ownership. Its hundreds of in"
dependent units represent a
great diversity ' in ' financial
strength,' manufacturing meth
ods and costs and merchandis
ing policies. The first and most
important step In stabilizing Its
production and in manufactur
ing and selling Its products most
effectively under present-day
competition is to consolidate In
a smaller number of stronger
units.
But granting that this Is done
there will still remain the need
for a more effective coordina
tion . of operating policies be
tween the various producing un
its if current production is to
be kept within the bounds of
current demand. .That requires
concerted action on some defin
ite, continuing: basis. It is not
possible without agreement be
tween competitors in the same
industry. . And with this back-1
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1 Dependable E-rving
I rrnnnA V inik nlAa tnr rras t-
er freedom ot self-government
by the Industries which carry
the responsibility for conserving
natural resources. '"
Laws Tow Restricting
At the present time, the right
of the law-ebldiag manufacturer
to cooperate with his neighbors
in maintaining a sound relationship-
between supply and demand
is practically limited to gather
. lng and - disseminating statistics.
Beyond that point he enters a
twilight land of legality at the
risk of frustration of his plans
and criminal prosecution for
himself. . Every industry . which
ba attempted to deal collective
ly with its production .problems
has come np against this harrier..
Last 'year' a plan was presented'
to the Department of Justice, In.
behalf Of the West Coast lumber.
Industry, which proposed to aid
In keeping production, sales' and
stocks .in balance by' an advisory
service to the mills. It was not
pronounced . "Illegal" hut we
were warned that if the plan'
were attempted the government
would probably find It necessary
to test its legality In the courts.
It is questionable how far the
constructive work of the Federal
Oil' Conservation Board can be
carried before it will be blocked
by the anti-trust laws.
Hence, it is my judgment that
to enable the natural resource
industries to . exercise the self
government necessary in their'
own and the ' public's Interest,
there must be some further clar
ification or liberalization of the
present statutes dealing with re
straint of trade.-
Competition Proves Ruinous '
- The anti-trust laws are predh
cat ed upon the theory that. pub
He- interest demands solely the
most wide-open and unrestrained
competition between producers
of the same commodity. That
theory, is wholly inadequate to
meet present-day ' economic and
social needs of the United States.
The public today demands much
more of industry than free com
petition. It wants efficient and
dependable service. It wants sta
ble . employment of labor. Wit
ness the appeals in recent weeks
to - all Industries to reduce un
employment and the organization
of special committees by the
President to work with the in
dustries of the country to that
end. . . . .
: The public demand that in
dustry provide high standards ot
health, safety, and social well
being for its workers. And it de
mands that industries which con
vert . natural " resources conserve
them from wasteful ' exploitation
and renew them if. as in the
case .of forests 'and" fisheries,'
they are renewable. --
-w Poblle Share ' Louies
rf eOver-prod action in - the forest
industries, of the Northwest par
ticularly, direct' and; serious pub
lic losses. Unemployment in the
basic. Industry of the region not
bnjy, affects .thousands of work
ers, directly but reaches far-In
the losses sustained -by commun
ities, and by many -dependent or
related industries.-Every extend
ed period of over-production
means the waste of - millions of
feet, of low-grade loss and .lum
ber, which can be utilized under
stable . conditions and - which
should 'be -conserved as part of
the basic raw material ' of the
country. And the Instability and
uncertainty ereated - In the lum
ber Industry by the blight ot
over-production is the most ser
ious obstacle to industrial refor
estation. It tends . to make the
lumber business simply a liquid
ating industry, without perman- .
ent Interest in its land when It
should be be moving progress
ively toward the sustained pro
duction ot timber crops. The re-
salt in one -way. or another, can
be only to throw the cut-over
lands and the task of reforesta
tion back upon the public.
There should be no question of
changing the basic competitive
principle npon which the anti
trust laws were built. But there
(Continued on page 12)
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